week 2- ch. 3- health and illness

Airgas templateChapter 3
Definitions of Health States
Health—a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Wellness—an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health
Illness—the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process involving changed level of functioning
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Acute Illness
Generally has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time
Examples: appendicitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, common cold
Stages of acute illness may include:
Develop symptoms
Become dependent
Chronic Illness
A broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health
Usually has a slow onset and may have periods of remission and exacerbation
Examples: diabetes mellitus, lung disease, arthritis, lupus
Characteristics include:
It is a permanent change.
It causes, or is caused by, irreversible alterations in normal anatomy and physiology.
It requires special patient education for rehabilitation.
It requires a long period of care or support.
Factors Affecting Health and Illness
Basic human needs- essential to health and survival
The human dimensions- factors influencing health status
Physical, emotional, intellectual, environmental, sociocultural, spiritual
Self-concept- self-esteem, body image
Age
The Human Dimensions Affecting Health
Physical dimension—genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender
Emotional dimension—how the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions
Intellectual dimension—cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences
Environmental dimension—housing; sanitation; climate; pollution of air, food, and water
Sociocultural dimension—economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture
Spiritual dimension—spiritual beliefs and values
Factors Influencing Health Disparities
Racial and ethnic groups
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
Primary: directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury.
Examples are immunization clinics, family planning services, poison-control information, and accident-prevention education.
Prevention = teaching
Secondary: focus on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found
Examples are assessing children for normal growth and development and encouraging regular medical, dental, and vision examinations.
Screening
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention (cont.)
Tertiary: begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated, with the goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning
Examples include teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and prevent complications, using physical therapy to prevent contractures in a patient who has had a stroke or spinal cord injury, and referring a woman to a support group after removal of a breast because of cancer.
Treatment
Models of Health and Illness
The health belief model
The health promotion model
The health–illness continuum
The Health Belief Model
Concerned with what people perceive to be true about themselves in relation to their health
Based on three components of individual perceptions of threat of a disease
Perceived susceptibility to a disease
Perceived seriousness of a disease
Perceived benefits of action
The Health Promotion Model
Developed to illustrate how people interact with their environment as they pursue health
Incorporates individual characteristics and experiences and behavior-specific knowledge and beliefs, to motivate health-promoting behavior
Personal, biologic, psychological, and sociocultural factors are predictive of a certain health-related habit.
Health-related behavior is the outcome of the model and is directed toward attaining positive health outcomes and experiences throughout the lifespan.
The Health–Illness Continuum
Conceptualizes a person’s level of health
Views health as a constantly changing state with high-level wellness and death on opposite sides of a continuum
Illustrates the dynamic (ever-changing) state of health
Agent–Host–Environment Model
Views the interaction between an external agent (an environmental factor or stressor), a susceptible host, and the environment as causes of disease in a person.
It is a traditional model that explains how certain factors place some people at risk for an infectious disease.

week 2- ch. 3- health and illness

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