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Marshalltown Wastewater Treatment Plant Phosphorus Removal Upgrade Iowa State University Steven Dickey Dan Fleege

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Page 1: WEFTEC Presentation

Marshalltown Wastewater Treatment Plant Phosphorus Removal Upgrade

Iowa State University

Steven Dickey

Dan Fleege

Page 2: WEFTEC Presentation

Overview

• Marshalltown overview

• Problem statement and proposal

• Biowin modeling results

• Recommendation

• Questions

Page 3: WEFTEC Presentation
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Marshalltown, Iowa

Des Moines

Marshalltown

Page 5: WEFTEC Presentation

Marshalltown Water Pollution Control Plant

• Began service in 1940

• Currently serves 26,000 people

• Plant divided into 2 processes– Mechanical plant to treat municipal waste

– Sequencing Batch Reactor to treat hog waste

• Effluent combined before UV disinfection

• Methane capture from stabilization basins

• Sludge land applied after stabilization

Page 6: WEFTEC Presentation

Population Projection

Page 7: WEFTEC Presentation

Mechanical Plant 1

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Mechanical Plant 2

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Mechanical Plant 3

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Sequencing Batch Reactor Plant

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Aging Infrastructure

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Problem Selection and Goals

1.0 mg/L effluent limit for total phosphorus

• Minimize construction by utilizing existing process equipment and configuration where possible

• Meet simulated permit limits for phosphorus

• Biowin v3 Model similar or better effluent

• Flexibility for plant operator

Page 23: WEFTEC Presentation

SBR Plant Proposal

Page 24: WEFTEC Presentation

SBR Plant

• Need– 1.6 MGD wastewater from a local hog processing plant

– Hog waste caused “foaming” in biological reactors

– High Organic Nitrogen Content: 200 mg/L

• Two Sequencing Batch Reactors– Operational in 1992– 2 MGD capacity

Page 25: WEFTEC Presentation

Current SBR Configuration

Total Cycle Time: 360 min (6 hr)

Current 15 – 25% P removal

Stage 1Anaerobi

c120 min

Influent

Stage 2Aerobic120 min

Stage 3Settle60 min

Stage 4Decant60 min

Effluent

Page 26: WEFTEC Presentation

SBR During Aeration

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SBR During Settle/Decant

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SBR During Settle/Decant

Page 30: WEFTEC Presentation

SBR with BPR Process

• Anaerobic HRT: 1.5 ‐ 3 hr

• Aerobic HRT: 2 ‐ 4 hr

• Anoxic HRT: 1 ‐ 3 hr

• HRT range: 6.5 ‐ 12 hr

Table 8‐25 Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater Engineering

System Properties

• SRT range: 20 ‐ 40 days

• Settle/decant: 2 hr

Page 31: WEFTEC Presentation

Proposed SBR Process

Cycle time: 540 min = 9 hr

HRT range: 6.5 – 12 hr

Stage 2Aerobic180 min

Stage 3Settle60 min

Effluent

Stage 3Anoxic 110 min

Stage 4Aerobic10 min

Stage 1Anaerobic 120 min

Influent Alum Addition

Stage 4Decant60 min

Page 32: WEFTEC Presentation

Expected Performance

SBR 

Flow (MGD)

VSS (mg/L)

TSS(mg/L)

BOD(mg/L)

TKN(mg/L)

NH3‐N(mg/L)

Total P(mg/L)

Influent 1.66 308 367 372 200 160 34

• Process cannot be simulated in Biowin

• BOD:P ratio 18:1

• Compare to Metcalf and Eddy ratios

• Expect 40 ‐ 60% P Removal

Page 33: WEFTEC Presentation

Process Comparison

Existing SBR Process• 2 MGD capacity

• Note: 1.6 MGD average annual flow

• 5 Stages

• No anoxic phase

• Total cycle time: 6 hr

• No flow diversion to Mechanical Plant

• 10 – 25% P removal

Proposed SBR Process• 1.33 MGD capacity

• 33% flow diversion to Mechanical Plant

• 7 Stages

• Anoxic phase

• Plant operator flexibility– Max cycle time: 9 hr

– HRT range: 6.5 ‐ 9 hr

• 40 – 60% P removal

Page 34: WEFTEC Presentation

Mechanical Plant Design

• Treats municipal waste

• Conventional activated sludge system divided into 3 separate plants

• 14 MG Equalization basin

• 14 MGD firm capacity for facility

• Modifications in 1965, 1972, 1982, 1987 and 2001

Page 35: WEFTEC Presentation

Plant 1 and Plant 2 Identical

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Biological Process Plan View

• Tank 1‐4: 90ft x 19ft x 12ft (27.4m x 5.8m x 3.7m)

• Tank 5: 42 ft x 84 ft x 13 ft (12.8m x 25.6m x 4m)

• Total available volume: 128,000 ft³

FinalClarifier

Tank 1

Tank 2

Tank 3

Tank 4

Tank 5

Page 37: WEFTEC Presentation

Influent

Influent

Influent

Influent

Plant 1 Flow Diagram

Return Activated Sludge

Influent

Aerobic

Aerobic

AerobicFinal

Clarifier

P

Effluent

Aerobic

Aerobic

Waste Activated Sludge

Flow Splitter

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Flow Distribution

Jetflow Injection Points

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Mechanical Plant 3

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Plant 3

• No modifications

• Still available for periods of high flow

• Available to reduce ammonia‐N levels if necessary

• Alum addition to treat Phosphorus

Page 41: WEFTEC Presentation

BPR Systems Considered

• Anaerobic‐Anoxic‐Oxic (A2/O) • Virginia Initiative Plant (VIP)• University of Cape Town (UCT)• Bardenpho™ (5‐stage)

• Initial evaluation– Compare HRT to available tank volume– Eliminated UCT and Bardenpho ™ processes

Page 42: WEFTEC Presentation

Preliminary VIP and A²/O Comparison 

VIPBenefits

• Good nitrogen removal

• Low oxygen requirement

• Higher Phosphorus Removal

Drawbacks• Additional Recycle Line 

required

• Higher HRT

A²/OBenefits

• Good nitrogen removal• Low oxygen removal• Lower HRT• Less Reactor volume 

required• More process flexibility

Drawbacks• Less phosphorus removal 

capability

Page 43: WEFTEC Presentation

BOD:P Ratio Comparison

BPR Process BOD/P ratio

VIP 15‐20

A2/O 20‐25

BPR ProcessMax Month Flow BOD/P

Average Annual Flow BOD/P

Mechanical Influent 56 39

Mechanical with 33% SBR Influent

44 28

Table 8‐24 Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater Engineering

Page 44: WEFTEC Presentation

VIP Process Outline

• Anaerobic HRT: 1 ‐ 2 hr

• Anoxic HRT: 1 ‐ 2 hr

• Aerobic HRT: 4 ‐ 6 hr

• HRT range: 6 ‐ 10 hr

Table 8‐25 Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater Engineering

• SRT range: 5 ‐ 10 days

• RAS: 80 ‐ 100%

• Anoxic recycle: 100 ‐ 200%

• Aerobic recycle: 100 ‐ 300%

System Properties

Page 45: WEFTEC Presentation

VIP Process Plan View

Aerobic

Aerobic

FinalClarifier

Anoxic

Anaerobic

Flow Splitter

Aerobic

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Influent

VIP Flow Diagram

Return Activated Sludge

Aerobic

Aerobic

Aerobic FinalClarifier

P

Effluent

Anoxic

Anaerobic

Waste Activated Sludge

Flow Splitter

PP

Page 47: WEFTEC Presentation

A2/O Process Outline

• Anaerobic HRT: 0.5 ‐ 1.5 hr

• Anoxic HRT: 0.5 ‐ 1 hr

• Aerobic HRT: 4 ‐ 8 hr

• HRT range: 5 ‐ 10.5 hr

Table 8‐25 Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater Engineering

• SRT range: 5 ‐ 25 days

• RAS: 25‐100%

• Internal Recycle: 100‐400%

System Properties

Page 48: WEFTEC Presentation

A2/O Process Plan Layout

Aerobic

Aerobic

FinalClarifier

Anoxic

Anaerobic

Flow Splitter

Aerobic

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A²/O Flow Diagram

Influent

Return Activated Sludge

Aerobic

Aerobic

Aerobic FinalClarifier

P

Effluent

Anoxic

Anaerobic

Waste Activated Sludge

Flow Splitter

P

Page 50: WEFTEC Presentation

BPR Model PerformanceMax Month Influent

Flow (MGD)

VSS (mg/L)

TSS(mg/L)

BOD(mg/L)

TKN(mg/L)

NH3‐N(mg/L)

Total P(mg/L)

Projected Mechanical

10.5 196 249 213 26 11 5.0

Max Month Effluent

VSS(mg/L)

TSS (mg/L)

BOD (mg/L)

COD (mg/L)

TKN (mg/L)

NH3‐N (mg/L)

Total P (mg/L)

VIP 5.1 7.6 3.6 34 2.9 0.93 0.56

A2/O 7.1 11 4.0 37 2.8 0.71 0.75

Page 51: WEFTEC Presentation

BPR Model PerformanceAverage Annual Influent

Flow (MGD)

VSS (mg/L)

TSS(mg/L)

BOD(mg/L)

TKN(mg/L)

NH3‐N(mg/L)

Total P(mg/L)

Projected Mechanical

7.5 162 206 185 35 11 5.0

Average Annual Effluent

VSS(mg/L)

TSS (mg/L)

BOD (mg/L)

COD (mg/L)

TKN (mg/L)

NH3‐N (mg/L)

Total P (mg/L)

VIP 11 14 5.0 25 4.3 2.2 0.86

A2/O 5.3 7.5 3.7 30 3.5 0.87 0.79

Page 52: WEFTEC Presentation

Equipment Requirements

VIP• 4 Additional recycle pumps

• Power: 450 HP

• 6 New Recycle Pipes

• 3000 Siemens DualAir®Diffusers

• 16 Hayward Gordon ST®Mixers

A2/O• 2 Additional recycle pumps

• Power: 400HP

• 2 New Recycle Pipes

• 3000 Siemens DualAir®Diffusers

• 16 Hayward Gordon ST®Mixers

Page 53: WEFTEC Presentation

Chemical Treatment

• Alum addition considered for all plants

• A²/O required no alum addition for any model simulation

• VIP process required alum addition during winter months

• SBR requires a constant chemical addition

Page 54: WEFTEC Presentation

Mechanical Plant: Current Flow

Average Annual FlowBiological Removal Percentage

Alum Dosage

ppd

1.5 2.0

0 399 532

10 359 478

20 319 425

30 279 372

40 239 319

50 199 266

60 159 213

70 120 159

80 80 106

90 40 53

100 0 0

Max Month FlowBiological Removal Percentage

Alum Dosage

ppd

1.5 2.0

0 530 707

10 477 636

20 424 565

30 371 495

40 318 424

50 265 353

60 212 283

70 159 212

80 106 141

90 53 71

100 0 0

Page 55: WEFTEC Presentation

Mechanical Plant: Projected Flow

Average Annual FlowBiological Removal Percentage

Alum Dosage

ppd

1.5 2.0

0 480 640

10 432 576

20 384 512

30 336 448

40 288 384

50 240 320

60 192 256

70 144 192

80 96 128

90 48 64

100 0 0

Max Month FlowBiological Removal Percentage

Alum Dosage

ppd

1.5 2.0

0 626 835

10 563 751

20 501 668

30 438 584

40 376 501

50 313 417

60 250 334

70 188 250

80 125 167

90 63 83

100 0 0

Page 56: WEFTEC Presentation

SBR Plant

Existing ProcessBiological Removal Percentage

Alum Dosage

ppd

1.5 2.0

0 727 970

10 655 873

20 582 776

30 509 679

40 436 582

50 364 485

60 291 388

70 218 291

80 145 194

90 73 97

100 0 0

Proposed ProcessBiological Removal Percentage

Alum Dosage

ppd

1.5 2.0

0 486 648

10 438 584

20 389 519

30 340 454

40 292 389

50 243 324

60 195 259

70 146 195

80 97 130

90 49 65

100 0 0

Page 57: WEFTEC Presentation

Comparative AnalysisQualitative Cost Analysis

Initial Cost Operational

A2/O $$ $

VIP $$$ $$

Chemical $ $$$

Operational Performance

Flexibility Simplicity

A2/O ** **

VIP * *

Chemical *** ***

Page 58: WEFTEC Presentation

Recommendation

Implement A²/O system

• Lowest relative cost

• Most operator flexibility

• Least construction required

• Capable of meeting effluent standard

• Better ammonia‐N removal in winter models

Page 59: WEFTEC Presentation

Design Objective Achieved?

• Minimum construction– SBR system remain physically unaltered– Construction in areas of aging concrete– Only two new recycle pumps needed for the recommended A2/O design

• A2/O meets proposed permit limits• Flexibility for plant operator 

– Recycle rates– SRT– SBR phases 

Page 60: WEFTEC Presentation

Special Thanks

• Lance Aldrich ‐ Design information

• Eric Evans ‐ Biown

• Kris Evans ‐Mentor

• Fred Beyer– Monthly monitoring reports

– Plant tours

– Design information

• IWPCA

Page 61: WEFTEC Presentation
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Questions?