Welcome to IST140

Martin J. Crabtree – InstructorFall 2007

Agenda

• Greetings, syllabus, etc.• What are you expecting from this course?• What is the Internet? • Internet definitions• A bit on how the internet works

– Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)– Internet Protocol (IP)– Domains

• History of the internet

IST140 – Important things you’ll nee

• Text - Internet Literacy, 4th edition, by Fred Hofstetter

• DO NOT Install FrontPage (on CD that comes with the textbook) until you’re told to do so!!!

• You will need something to store/carry your work (floppy, CD, USB drive)

What are you expecting from this course?

So let’s get started…

What is the internet?

The Internet is…

• A World wide connection of >285 million computers

• Uses common Internet protocol (IP)• Developed by U.S. Department of

Defense in 1969 to protect network data

• Web pages increased from ~300 million in 1998 to ~300 billion in 2003

The Internet

• The Internet is the fastest growing technology in history:– Radio too 38 years to gain 50 million

listeners.– Television too 13 years to reach the 50

million mark.– The Internet took 4 years to reach 50 million

• In 2005 there were 1.08 billion people using the Internet (total world population in 2005 was 6.45 billion people)

The Internet is much more than just the web

Internet ≠ The World Wide Web

Internet ≠ The World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web is information accessible via the Internet.

• The World Wide Web contains documents and multimedia that are connected by hyperlinks.

• The Internet is global collection of networked computers using internet protocols

Let’s take a closer look at the internet…

Go to:www.mccc.edu/~crabtrem/ist140/

ex1.htm

Some Internet Definitions

We will talk about these in depth during this course

The Internet includes a number of services

• E-mail• Listserv• Newsgroups• Chat rooms• Videoconferencing• File transfer• Multimedia

streaming• Rich site summary • Blogging• World Wide Web

Electronic Mail - email

• Most common Internet service• Mail queues hold both personal

and business items• Unsolicited mail are increasing

problem

List Severs - Listserv

• Uses e-mail protocol• Users must subscribe to list• All users receive same email

message• There are 1,000s of listservs

Newsgroups

• Newsgroup subscribers use newsreaders to access a group’s news feed

• Usenet is an electronic bulletin board

• Newsgroups contain information on most any topic

Chat

• Popular real-time communication• Each chat room has a different

conversation• You can join or create your own

chat room

Instant Messaging (IM)

• Instant messaging allows you to contact friends or associates

• An IM will appear on your screen when a contact is made

• “IM” is both verb and noun

Videoconferencing

• Uses video camera and microphone

• Less popular than text-only chat• Higher bandwidths will support

future growth

FTP

• File Transfer Protocol• Standard method for transferring

files over the Internet from one computer to another

• “FTP” is both verb and noun

FTPThe author clicks the right arrow to FTP a file from his computer to McGraw-Hill.

Multimedia Streaming

• Digital transmission of multimedia• Uses memory buffer to distribute

(“stream”) data• Radio and television stations

broadcast live shows

World Wide Web

• WWW is a networked hypertext system

• Hypertext uses underlined links to launch link objects

• Invented in 1989 by Tim Berners Lee at CERN lab in Geneva, Switzerland

World Wide Web

• In 1993, NCSA released Mosaic graphical user interface

• In 1994, Netscape released the popular Navigator browser

• In 2003, Netscape promoted free, “open source” products Mozilla, Firefox, and Nvu

Rich Site Summary (RSS)

• RSS uses eXtensible Markup Language (XML) for handling Web site content

• Popular Web format for distributing news headlines, project updates, and event listings

Blogging

• Term blog is short for web log• Written by different individuals to

chronicle their selected topics for Internet dialog

• Public directories and tools are available to create these “online diaries”

How does the Internet work?

What is TCP/IP?

• TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol– TCP is a protocol than handles packet

routing over the Internet

• IP stands for Internet Protocol– IP administers the sending and receiving of

computer addresses

IP Addresses• Unique for each Internet computer• Current IP addresses use dotted quad

notation– Four 8-bit numbers separated by periods

• Range 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

• Future IP addresses will use IPv6– Four 16-bit numbers

• Range 0 to 65,535

Domains and Subdomains

• Domain name system (DNS) allows alphabetic addresses instead of numbers– For example, to access the Library of

Congress, use 140.147.249.7 or www.loc.gov

• Common top level domains are:– .edu .gov .com .biz .net– .int .mil .aero .org .pro

A Brief History of the Internet

Brief History of the Internet

• The Internet originated in 1969 when DOD initiated ARPANET for network security

• During 1970s, universities joined ARPANET for research opportunities

• In 1983, the military switched to MILNET

Internet History (cont.)

• In 1986, the National Science Foundation began NSFNET to connect supercomputers

• In 1991, commercial entities were allowed, speeding expansion greatly

• Currently, U.S. backbone traffic is routed through network providers

Next time

• Chapter 2 – The Internet's effect on the world

• Open book quiz – Chapter 1