welcome to mm570 psychological statistics unit 1 seminar unit 1 seminar instructor: roman zrotowski...

Welcome to MM570Welcome to MM570Psychological StatisticsPsychological Statistics

Unit 1 SeminarUnit 1 Seminar Instructor: Roman Instructor: Roman

ZrotowskiZrotowski

Chapter 1: Chapter 1: Displaying the Displaying the

Order in a Group Order in a Group of Numbers of Numbers

Using Tables and Using Tables and GraphsGraphs

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

The Two Branches of The Two Branches of Statistical MethodsStatistical Methods

Descriptive statisticsDescriptive statistics– Summarize/organize scores from a Summarize/organize scores from a

research studyresearch study Inferential statisticsInferential statistics

– Draw conclusions/make inferences Draw conclusions/make inferences that go beyond the scores from a that go beyond the scores from a research studyresearch study


Basic ConceptsBasic Concepts

VariableVariable– A characteristic that can have different A characteristic that can have different

valuesvalues ValueValue

– A possible number or category that a A possible number or category that a score can havescore can have

ScoreScore– A particular person’s value on a variableA particular person’s value on a variable


Levels of MeasurementLevels of Measurement

Numeric (quantitative) variableNumeric (quantitative) variable– Equal-interval variablesEqual-interval variables

• e.g., GPAe.g., GPA– Rank-order (ordinal) variablesRank-order (ordinal) variables

• e.g., class ranke.g., class rank

Nominal (categorical) variablesNominal (categorical) variables– e.g., gendere.g., gender


Frequency TablesFrequency Tables

Provide a listing of individuals Provide a listing of individuals having each of the different values having each of the different values for a particular variable.for a particular variable.

e.g., stress ratings of 30 students: e.g., stress ratings of 30 students: 8,7,4,10,8,6,8,9,9,7,3,7,6,5,0,9,10,7,7,3,6,7,5,2,8,7,4,10,8,6,8,9,9,7,3,7,6,5,0,9,10,7,7,3,6,7,5,2,1,6,7,1,6,7,

10,8,810,8,8


Steps for Making a Steps for Making a Frequency TableFrequency Table

Make a list down the page of each Make a list down the page of each possible value, from lowest to highestpossible value, from lowest to highest

Go one by one through the scores, Go one by one through the scores, making a mark for each next to its making a mark for each next to its value on the listvalue on the list

Make a table showing how many times Make a table showing how many times each value on the list is usedeach value on the list is used

Figure the percentage of scores for Figure the percentage of scores for each valueeach value


A Frequency TableA Frequency Table


Grouped Frequency Grouped Frequency TableTable

A frequency table that uses intervalsA frequency table that uses intervals


Frequency GraphsFrequency Graphs

HistogramHistogram


Shapes of Frequency Shapes of Frequency DistributionsDistributions

Unimodal, bimodal, Unimodal, bimodal, and rectangularand rectangular



Symmetrical and skewed Symmetrical and skewed distributionsdistributions



Normal and kurtotic distributionsNormal and kurtotic distributions


Controversies and Controversies and Limitations of GraphsLimitations of Graphs

Failure to use equal interval sizesFailure to use equal interval sizes Exaggeration of proportionsExaggeration of proportions


Questions to Ask When Looking at Questions to Ask When Looking at Data and/or GraphsData and/or Graphs

Is the information presented Is the information presented correctly?correctly?

Is the graph trying to influence you?Is the graph trying to influence you? Does the scale use a regular Does the scale use a regular

interval?interval? What impression is the graph giving What impression is the graph giving

you?you?

Why is this graph Why is this graph misleading?misleading?

This title tells the reader what to think (that there are huge increases in price).

The actual increase in price is 2,000 pounds, which is less than a 3% increase.The graph shows the second bar as being 3 times the size of the first bar, which implies a 300% increase in price.

The scale moves from 0 to 80,000 in the same amount of space as 80,000 to 81,000.

A more accurate graph:A more accurate graph:An unbiased title

A scale with a regular interval.

This shows a more accurate picture of the increase.

Why is this graph Why is this graph misleading?misleading?

The scale does not have a regular interval.

This is unit 1 seminarThis is unit 1 seminar

Instructor: Instructor: Zrotowski Zrotowski Course: Course: MM570 MM570 Section 2Section 2Course Title: Applied Course Title: Applied Psychological Psychological Statistics Statistics Credit Hours: 5 Credit Hours: 5 Prerequisites: Prerequisites: None None

InstructorInstructor

Roman [email protected] Seminar: Wednesday, 9:00 pm-10:00 Seminar: Wednesday, 9:00 pm-10:00

pm ETpm ET

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Textbook Textbook

Title: Title: Statistics for PsychologyStatistics for Psychology

Author: Aron, Aron, & CoupsAuthor: Aron, Aron, & Coups

ISBN: 0136010571 ISBN: 0136010571 Publisher: Pearson/Prentice-Publisher: Pearson/Prentice-

Hall Hall

Relate to the bookRelate to the book

inside covers: inside covers: (a)(a)math concepts math concepts (b)(b) stat proceduresstat procedures Student intro, pXVIStudent intro, pXVI each chapter content: quizzes, each chapter content: quizzes,

examples, margins, pictures, tables, examples, margins, pictures, tables, topics/subtopics, steps, explanations, topics/subtopics, steps, explanations,

End of chapter: summary, terms, End of chapter: summary, terms, examples, problems, SPSS, notes, examples, problems, SPSS, notes,

Required SoftwareRequired Software

SPSS Student Version 20.0SPSS Student Version 20.0 Lots of help availableLots of help available

COURSE DESCRIPTIONCOURSE DESCRIPTION

This course provides students the This course provides students the foundation for understanding and foundation for understanding and performing statistical analyses of data, performing statistical analyses of data, with applications to psychological with applications to psychological research. Topics include distributions, research. Topics include distributions, descriptive statistics, correlation, descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, tests of hypotheses, and regression, tests of hypotheses, and analysis of variance techniques. Students analysis of variance techniques. Students will perform statistical tests using the will perform statistical tests using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Statistical Package for the Social Sciences [SPSS] and interpret those results. SPSS is [SPSS] and interpret those results. SPSS is required for this course.required for this course.

Unit 1: What to do?Unit 1: What to do?

Introduce YourselfIntroduce Yourself ReadingReading SeminarSeminar DiscussionDiscussion Announcements, Syllabus, etcAnnouncements, Syllabus, etc

AssessmentsAssessments

AssessmentsAssessments NumberNumber Points eachPoints eachTotal PointsTotal Points

DiscussionsDiscussions 99 5050450450

ProjectsProjects 44550550

Total PointsTotal Points 1000 Points1000 Points

projects (and other assignments) are due by projects (and other assignments) are due by

11:59 PM ET on Tuesday11:59 PM ET on Tuesday

DISCUSSION DISCUSSION BOARDS BOARDS

Discussion questionsDiscussion questions Ask and answer subquestionsAsk and answer subquestions About the course materialAbout the course material Share knowledgeShare knowledge References and originalityReferences and originality Initial postsInitial posts ResponsesResponses Number and timingNumber and timing

NETIQUETTE NETIQUETTE

Capital letters, etcCapital letters, etc Balance short and to the point with Balance short and to the point with

clarityclarity Spelling, grammar, punctuation, and Spelling, grammar, punctuation, and

compositioncomposition Be constructive, respectful, positive,Be constructive, respectful, positive, Read postsRead posts Post of the week: two viewsPost of the week: two views

welcome to mm570 psychological statistics unit 1 seminar unit 1 seminar instructor: roman zrotowski...

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