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Welcome to:NFIP Provisions in the

IRC & IBC

By: Maureen O’Shea, AICP, CFMState NFIP Coordinator

Flood Building Codes

Todays conversation will provide information concerning the flood resistant provisions of:

• International Codes® (I-Codes) 2018, 2015, 2012, & 2009,

• Referenced standards in American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 24,

• Flood Resistant Design and Construction, &

• National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) requirements.

NFIP Goals

• Reduce loss of life & loss of property•Use flood resistant construction, guide future

development, & prohibit development in floodplains that would increase flood levels•Make Federally backed insurance coverage

available to property owners• Restore & protect natural resources & functions

of floodplains• Reduce disaster relief costs/taxpayer-funded

disaster costs

Acronyms

ASCE: American Society of Civil Engineers CFR: Code of Federal Regulations EC: Elevation CertificateFIRM: Flood Insurance Rate MapFIS: Flood Insurance StudyFPA: Floodplain Administrator (a.k.a. Floodplain Manager)IBC: International Building Code® IRC: International Residential Code®I-Codes: International Codes® NFIP: National Flood Insurance ProgramSFHA: Special Flood Hazard Area (a.k.a. floodplain)

NFIP Regulations

NFIP Regulations

Communities must adopt & enforce ordinances that meet or exceed NFIP criteria 44 CFR §60.2(e) & (h)

NFIP criteria ensures that new buildings will be protected from flood levels shown

on FIRM &/or digital FIRM

Role of NFIP Participating Community

• Issue or deny floodplain development permits

• Inspect all development to ensure compliance with local ordinances

•Maintaining records of floodplain development

•Assist residents with info on flood hazards, floodplain map data, flood insurance, & proper construction measures, etc.

Idaho Statewide 9-2-2020

NFIP Coverage $1,552,619,300

NFIP Claims since 1978 $9,731,701

NFIP Annual Premiums $4,260,556

Total Claims since 1978 1,067

Total Policies (current) 5,887

Policies in the SFHA 2,645

Policies Not in the SFHA 3,242

Disaster Date Presidential Declaration for FLOOD since 1968

4443 6/12/2019 Severe Storms, Flooding, Landslides, & Mudslides

4342 10/7/2017 Flooding

4333 8/27/2017 Flooding, Landslides, & Mudslides

4313 5/18/2017 Severe Storms, Flooding, Landslides, & Mudslides

4310 4/21/2017 Severe Winter Storms & Flooding

1987 5/20/2011 Flooding, Landslides, & Mudslides

1927 7/27/2010 Severe Storms & Flooding

1781 7/31/2008 Flooding

1630 2/27/2006 Severe Storms & Flooding

1592 7/6/2005 Heavy Rains & Flooding

1177 6/13/1997 Flooding

1154 1/4/1997 Severe Storms/Flooding

1102 2/11/1996 Storms/Flooding

697 2/16/1984 Ice Jams, Flooding

505 6/6/1976 Dam Collapse (Teton Dam)

415 1/25/1974 Severe Storms, Snowmelt, Flooding

324 3/2/1972 Severe Storms, Extensive Flooding

17 flood disasters since the NFIP

Disaster Date Presidential Declaration for FLOOD before NFIP

186 12/31/1964 Heavy Rains & Flooding

143 2/14/1963 Floods

120 2/14/1962 Floods

116 6/26/1961 Floods

76 5/27/1957 Floods

55 4/21/1956 Floods

6 major flood disasters before the NFIP

• The City/County is enforcing their jurisdiction’s regulations not FEMA’s regulations

• Local regulations for reducing flood loss receive authority granted to municipalities by the States.

• Inherent in the right to enact regulations is the duty & authority to administer & enforce them

Regulating floodplains is a local responsibility!

NFIP Development Definition

Development means any man-made changeto improved or unimproved real estate, including, but not limited to, buildings or other structures, mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation or drilling operations, or storage of equipment or materials.

Duties & Responsibilities of the FPA

44CFR §59.22(b) An applicant shall legislatively:(1) Appoint or designate the agency or official with the responsibility, authority, and means to implement the commitments made in paragraph (a) of this section,

2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)104.1G103.1R104.1In community’s adopting ordinance if other than the Building Official


44CFR §60.3(a)(1) Require permits for all proposed construction or other development in the community, including the placement of manufactured homes, so that it may determine whether such construction or other development is proposed within flood-prone areas;44CFR §60.3(b)(1) Require permits for all proposed construction & other developments including the placement of manufactured homes, within Zone A on the community's FHBM or FIRM;2015 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IRC, & IEBC)Buildings only; 101.2; 105.1, 1612.1Other development: G 101.3; G104.11- & 2- family homes & townhouses only: R101.2; R322.1EB101.2


IRC R104.1 General. The building official is hereby authorized & directed to enforce the provisions of this code. The building official shall have the authority to render interpretations of this code & to adopt policies & procedures in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations, policies & procedures shall be in compliance with the intent & purpose of this code. Such policies & procedures shall not have the effect of waiving requirementsspecifically provided for in this code.


IBC G103.1 Permit applications. All applications for permits must comply with the following: 1. The building official shall review all permit applications

to determine whether proposed development is located in flood hazard areas established in §G102.2.

2. Where a proposed development site is in a flood hazard area, all development to which this appendix is applicable as specified in §G102.1 shall be designed & constructed with methods, practices & materials that minimize flood damage & that are in accordance with this code & ASCE 24.


44 CFR60.3(a)(2) Review proposed development to assure that all necessary permits have been received from those governmental agencies from which approval is required by Federal or State law, including section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, 33 U.S.C. 1334;

Administrative Provisions

44 CFR §59-65; IRC Chapter 1; & IBC Chapter 1 (& IBC Appendix G, if adopted) Administrative provisions include such matters as duties & powers of the FPA/code official, determination of substantial improvement/substantial damage, adoption of maps & studies, variances, contents of site plans & constructions documents, inspections, identification of flood hazard areas & design flood elevations, & evaluations related to encroachment in floodways & flood hazard areas with BFEs but without floodways.

Administrative Provisions

IBC Appendix G (if adopted) &/or the local floodplain management regulations will specify requirements for development that is not within the scope of the codes, such as subdivisions, site improvements, manufactured homes, recreational vehicles, tanks, & other building work, temporary structures & storage, & utility & miscellaneous structures.

NFIP Abrogation & Greater Restrictions

44CFR60.1 …These regulations must be legally-enforceable, applied uniformly throughout the community to all privately and publicly owned land within flood-prone, mudslide or flood-related erosion areas, and the community must provide that the regulations take precedence over any less restrictive conflicting local laws, ordinances or codes. …

Floodplain Development Permits

Floodplain Development Permits must be issued prior to any development within a designated SFHA - regardless of the site elevation.

This includes any man-made alteration to a site -not just a building, i.e. fill, grading, excavation, accessory structures, utility & road construction, etc.

Even if the site elevation is above BFE, only FEMA can remove it from a SFHA & the

regulations thereof.

Floodplain Development PermitsFAQs

What agency activities are exempt?No agency activities is exempt

What agencies are exempt?No person, property owner, business nor government entity is exempt from 44CFR 60.3

Floodplain Development Permits

How does floodplain review interact with the Idaho Dept. of Lands & USACE permitting process?

44CFR60.3 (a)(2) Review proposed development to assure that all necessary permits have been received from those governmental agencies from which approval is required by Federal or State law, including section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, 33 U.S.C. 1334;2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)102.2G103.2R102.2

Always verify the floodplain application/permit matches the other agency approved permit

ASCE 24

ASCE 24

• FEMA deems ASCE 24 to meet or exceed the minimum NFIP requirements for building & structures.

• Buildings & structures designed according to ASCE 24 are better able to resist flood loads & flood damage.

•ASCE 24 is a consensus standard that has been referenced by the I-Codes since 2000.

•ASCE 24 does not contain administrative provisions.

Floodplain Reasonably Safe from Flooding

44CFR60.3(a)(3) Review all permit applications to determine whether proposed building sites will be reasonably safe from flooding. If a proposed building site is in a flood-prone area, all new construction and substantial improvements shall… 2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)107.2.5; 1612.1; 1804.4(1)G101.2; G101.3; G103.1; G103.8; G104.2R106.1.3; R301.1; R301.2.4, R322EB501.3; EB506.2.4; EB401.3; EB701.2; EB801.3; EB1003.5; EB1101.3.5; EB1202.6; EB1301.3.3(all by reference to 1612 & R322)

Floodplain Reasonably Safe from Flooding

Floodplain Foundation Anchoring

44CFR60.3(a)(3)(i) be designed (or modified) and adequately anchored to prevent flotation, collapse, or lateral movement of the structure resulting from hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads, including the effects of buoyancy,

2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)1603.1; 1603.1.7; 1605.2.2; 1605.3.1.2; 1612.1; 1612.4 (ASCE24)G501.2; G701.1; G801.1; G901; G1001.2R301.1; R301.2.4; R322.1.2; R322.1.9; R322.2; R322.3EB: by reference to 1612 & R322


Stemwall foundations are similar to crawlspace foundations in construction, but the interior space that would otherwise form the crawlspace is often backfilled with gravel that supports a floor slab. Stemwall foundations have been observed to perform better during storms than many crawlspace & pier foundations. Flood openings are not required in a backfilled stemwall foundation. Stemwall foundations are recommended in both A & AE Zones as long as embedment of the wall is sufficient to resist erosion & scour.

Floodplain Flood-Resistant Materials

44CFR60.3(a)(3)(ii) be constructed with materials

resistant to flood damage,

2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)

802.4; 1403.6; 1612.4 (ASCE 24)

G103

R322.18

EB: by reference to 1612 & R322

Floodplain Flood-Resistant Materials

Floodplain Construction Methods

44CFR60.3(a)(3)(iii) be constructed by methods and practices that minimize flood damages,

2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)1612.1; 1612.4 (ASCE 24)R322.1.3EB: by reference to 1612 & R322

Floodplain Construction Methods

Floodplain Utilities

44CFR60.3(a)(3)(iv) be constructed w/electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing, and air conditioning equipment & other service facilities that are designed &/or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components during conditions of flooding.

2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)1612.4 (ASCE 24); 3001.2 also see IMC, IPC, IFGCG105.4; G701.1R322.1.6; R322.3.5(1); R322.10; RM1301.1.1; RM1401.5; RM1601.4.9; RM1701.2; RM20014; RM2201.6; RG2404.7; RP2601.3; RP2705.1; RP3001.3; RP3101.5EB: by reference to 1612 & R322

Floodplain Utilities

ELEVATED HVAC Equipment

Floodplain Water & Sewer

44CFR60.3(a)(6) Require within flood-prone areas (i) new and replacement sanitary sewage systems to be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of flood waters into the systems and discharges from the systems into flood waters

2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)G301.1 (subdivision); G401.3; G401.4R322.1.7RP2602.2(1)

Floodplain Water & Sewer

Floodplain Septic

44CFR60.3(a)(6) Require within flood-prone areas (ii) onsite waste disposal systems to be located to avoid impairment to them or contamination from them during flooding.

2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)G301.1 (subdivisions); G401.3R322.1.7RP2602.2(2)

Floodplain Septic

Floodplain Subdivisions

44CFR60.3(a)(4) Review subdivision proposals & other proposed new development, including manufactured home parks or subdivisions, to determine whether such proposals will be reasonably safe from flooding. If a subdivision proposal or other proposed new development is in a flood-prone area, any such proposals shall be reviewed to assure that (i) all such proposals are consistent with the need to minimize flood damage within the flood-prone area,

2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)G104.2; G301.1; G301.2 (subdivisions)

Floodplain Subdivision

Floodplain Public Utilities

44CFR60.3(a)(4) Review subdivision proposals & other proposed new development, including manufactured home parks or subdivisions, to determine whether such proposals will be reasonably safe from flooding. If a subdivision proposal or other proposed new development is in a flood-prone area, any such proposals shall be reviewed to assure that (ii) all public utilities and facilities, such as sewer, gas, electrical, and water systems are located and constructed to minimize or eliminate flood damage, 2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)G301.1 (subdivisions); G401 (site improvement)

Floodplain Public Utilities - Lift Station

Floodplain Adequate Drainage

44CFR60.3(a)(4) Review subdivision proposals & other proposed new development, including manufactured home parks or subdivisions, to determine whether such proposals will be reasonably safe from flooding. If a subdivision proposal or other proposed new development is in a flood-prone area, any such proposals shall be reviewed to assure that (iii) adequate drainage is provided to reduce exposure to flood hazards;2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)1804.3G301.1 (subdivisions); G401.5R401.3

Floodplain Adequate Drainage

Floodplain Manufactured Homes

44CFR60.3(b)(8) Require that all manufactured homes to be placed w/in Zone A on a community's FIRM shall be installed using methods & practices which minimize flood damage. For the purposes of this requirement, manufactured homes must be elevated and anchored to resist flotation, collapse, or lateral movement. Methods of anchoring may include, but are not to be limited to, use of over-the-top or frame ties to ground anchors. This requirement is in addition to applicable State and local anchoring requirements for resisting wind forces.

2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)G501R322.1.9


Manufactured homes must meet the same flood protection requirements as a “stick built” or typical housing. The general requirement for manufactured homes like typically built residential structures is that they must be elevated so that the lowest floor is above BFE.FEMA recommends the best practice of placing the bottom of the manufactured home’s steel frame at the BFE & not the lowest floor of the manufactured home in order to prevent flood damage to the floor & other interior finishes & contents.

Foundation Failure


Floodplain - Flood Openings44CFR60.3(c)(5) Require, for all new construction & substantial improvements, that fully enclosed areas below the lowest floor that are usable solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage in an area other than a basement & which are subject to flooding shall be designed to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls by allowing for the entry & exit of floodwaters. Designs for meeting this requirement must either be certified by a registered professional engineer or architect or meet or exceed the following minimum criteria: A minimum of two openings having a total net area of not less than one square inch for every square foot of enclosed area subject to flooding shall be provided. The bottom of all openings shall be no higher than one foot above grade. Openings may be equipped with screens, louvers, valves, or other coverings or devices provided that they permit the automatic entry and exit of floodwaters.2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)1612.4 (ASCE 24); 1612.5(1.2) (engineered openings)G105.5; G901.1; G1001.4R309.3; R322.2.2; R322.2.2.1; R408.7EB: EB104.2.1 & by reference to 1612 & R322

Floodplain - Flood Openings

Floodway Development

44CFR§60.3(d)(3) Prohibit encroachments, including fill, new construction, substantial improvements, & other development within the adopted regulatory floodway unless it has been demonstrated through hydrologic & hydraulic analyses performed in accordance with standard engineering practice that the proposed encroachment would not result in any increase in flood levels within the community during the occurrence of the base flood discharge;2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)1612.4 (ASCE 24); 1804.4(2)G103.5; G103.5.1; G401.1; G801.2 (fences); G801.5 (pre-fab pools); G801.8 (roads & watercourse crossings); J101.2 (grading)R106.1.3; R301.4.2; R322.1 (per ASCE 24)


… Prohibit encroachments … within the adopted regulatory floodway unless it has been demonstrated through hydrologic & hydraulic analyses …

This means the Hydrology & Hydraulic Analysis (aka H&H Study) must be provided with the floodplain development application, & will include the results of the 3 required models attached to the No-Rise Certification.

Floodplain Basements

44CFR59.1 Basement means any area of the building having its floor subgrade (below ground level) on all sides.

Basements do not belong in the

floodplain!!

Basements

The basement definition per the 44 CFR §59.1

Basement means any area of the building having its floor subgrade (below ground level) on all sides.

Additionally the Elevation Certificate further defines a basement as:

Diagram 2A: BasementDistinguishing Feature

The bottom floor (basement or underground garage) is below ground level (grade) on all sides.*

Diagram 2B: BasementDistinguishing Feature

The bottom floor (basement or underground garage) is below ground level (grade) on all sides; most of the height of the walls is below ground level on all sides; and the door and area of egress are also below ground level on all sides.*

Diagram 9: Sub-grade Crawlspace(a.k.a. Below-Grade-Crawlspace)Distinguishing Feature

The bottom (crawlspace) floor is below ground level (grade) on all sides.* (If the distance from the crawlspace floor to the top of the next higher floor is more than 5 feet, or the crawlspace floor is more than 2 feet below the grade [LAG] on all sides, use Diagram 2A or 2B.)

* A floor that is below ground level (grade) on all sides is considered a basement even if the floor is used for living purposes, or as an office, garage, workshop, etc.

Floodplain Critical Facilities

Facilities that are vital to flood response activities or critical to the health and safety of the public before, during, & after a flood, such as a hospital, emergency operations center, electric substation, police station, fire station, nursing home, school, vehicle & equipment storage facility, or shelter; & facilities that, if flooded, would make the flood problem & its impacts much worse, such as a hazardous materials facility, power generation facility, water utility, or wastewater treatment plant.


Construction of new critical facilities shall be, to the extent possible, located outside the limits of the SFHA (100-year floodplain). Construction of new critical facilities shall be permissible within the SFHA if no feasible alternative site is available. Critical facilities constructed within the SFHA shall have the lowest floor elevated two feet (2.0 ft.) above BFE or to the height of the 500-year flood, whichever is higher. Access to & from the critical facility should also be protected to the height utilized above. Floodproofing & sealing measures must be taken to ensure that toxic substances will not be displaced by or released into floodwaters. Access routes elevated to or above the level of the base flood elevation shall be provided to all critical facilities to the extent possible.

Floodplain Critical Facility

Floodplain RVs

44CFR§60.3(c)(14) Require that recreational vehicles placed on sites within Zones A1-30, AH, and AE on the community's FIRM either(i) Be on the site for fewer than 180 consecutive days,(ii) Be fully licensed and ready for highway use, or(iii) Meet the permit requirements of paragraph (b)(1) of this section and the elevation and anchoring requirements for “manufactured homes” in paragraph (c)(6) of this section.A recreational vehicle is ready for highway use if it is on its wheels or jacking system, is attached to the site only by quick disconnect type utilities and security devices, and has no permanently attached additions. G601.1 (not authorized in floodways)

Floodplain RVs

Elevation Certificate (EC)

44CFR60.3(b)(5) Where base flood elevation data are utilized, within Zone A on the community's FHBM or FIRM: (i) Obtain the elevation (in relation to mean sea level) of the lowest floor (including basement) of all new and substantially improved structures, and … (iii) Maintain a record of all such information with the official designated by the community under §59.22 (a)(9)(iii);2018 I-Codes (IBC & Appendix G, IMC, IPC, IFGC, IRC, & IEBC)104.7; 110.3.3; 110.3.10;1612.5(1.1), (1.3) & (2.1)G103.3; G103.8R104.7; R106.1.3(4); R109.1.3; R109.1.6.1; R322.1.10EB104.7; EB109.3.3

Elevation Certificate (EC)

•Required to rate insurance for structures

•Determines compliance with building codes/local ordinance

•Supports LOMA/LOMR-F

•Prerequisite for CRS

Must the community require an EC?

NFIP Community Officials are required to obtain certified elevations of floodplain development per 44CFR60.3(b)(5)

The EC is the logical method

The property owner will need the EC for their insurance agent.

Does the EC certify a building is compliant?

The Elevation Certificate is a report of existing conditions. The surveyor/engineer’s stamp does not certify that the structure complies with federal, state, or local regulations; it only certifies the elevations in Section C.

The FPA MUST REVIEW the EC for completeness & accuracy, &

to determine if the structure is compliant!

EC - Section G - Community Info

Optional, but…Describe the projectProvide date built Indicate: Substantial DamageSubstantial ImprovementProvide LOMA/LOMR-F case #

EC - Building photographs

EC Compliance

The local Floodplain Administrator must proof read the EC & verify compliance prior to issuing the

Certificate of Occupancy or Certificate of Compliance.

Elevation Certificate Compliance

44CFR§59.22(a)(9)(iii)The NFIP requires that compliance records be maintained (available upon request) on all development in the SFHA in perpetuity in order to ascertain whether or not the development complies with applicable floodplain management regulations. A structure or other development without the proper flood records such as permits, certified elevation data, or other certifications, as required in 44CFR§60.3 is presumed to be in violation until such documentation is provided.

EC Compliance

You may scan & email your ECs to me for review to ensure accuracy & completeness.

Many surveyors & engineers email their draft ECs to me for review prior to submitting them to the NFIP community.

Review turn around is usually less than 48 hours.

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Development Example in the Floodplain

Floodplain Permit Required

Floodplain Permit & IDL Permit

Floodplain, IDWR, USACE, & IDL Permits

LOMCs - ONLY FEMA

Even if the site elevation is above BFE, only FEMA can remove it from a SFHA & the

regulations thereof.

Letter of Map Change (LOMC): a general term used to refer to the several types of revisions and amendments to FIRMs that can be accomplished by letter. They include: Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA), Letter of Map Revision (LOMR), & Letter of Map Revision based on Fill (LOMR-F)

BFE

LOMA

BFE

LOMR-F

LOMR

LOMRs are based on the implementation of physical measures that affect the hydrologic or hydraulic characteristics of a flooding source & thus result in the modification of the existing regulatory floodway, the effective BFE, or the SFHA. The LOMR officially revises the FIRM, & sometimes the FIS report.

i.e. a new larger culvert, a new bridge, or better available data provided to FEMA.

Maintain Permit Documents in Perpetuity

Permanently maintain all records that pertain to the administration of this ordinance & make these records available for public inspection.

44CFR§59.22(a)(9)(iii)

Know Your Local Ordinance!Know Your IRC!Know Your IBC!

Know Your I-Codes!

Questions?

NFIP Provisions in the IRC & IBC

Maureen O’Shea, AICP, CFMState NFIP Coordinator

[email protected]

& Suzanne Sarpong, PE, CFMFEMA Floodplain Management Specialist

[email protected]

