WelcomeWelcometo the 3rdto the 3rd

Annual System ReviewAnnual System Review

NOAA Climate Observation ProgramNOAA Climate Observation Program25-27 April 200525-27 April 2005

Silver SpringSilver Spring

WelcomeWelcome• NOAA LeadershipNOAA Leadership• Project Managers, Data ProvidersProject Managers, Data Providers• Data UsersData Users• Program ManagersProgram Managers• Partner Programs - National & InternationalPartner Programs - National & International• Climate Observing System CouncilClimate Observing System Council• JCOMM Observations Coordination GroupJCOMM Observations Coordination Group• Friends of the Observing SystemFriends of the Observing System

LogisticsLogistics• Travel and Administrative supportTravel and Administrative support

– Gina GaloGina Galo

• Meeting organizationMeeting organization– Diane Stanitski -- overallDiane Stanitski -- overall– Silvia Garzoli -- science sessionsSilvia Garzoli -- science sessions– Candyce Clark -- JCOMM OCGCandyce Clark -- JCOMM OCG

• IT supportIT support– Todd PearceTodd Pearce

• Annual ReportsAnnual Reports– Fed Ex boxes -- yellow stickiesFed Ex boxes -- yellow stickies

• Ice BreakerIce Breaker– Metro ticket -- $5 bill -- DianeMetro ticket -- $5 bill -- Diane– Meet in lobby at 1800Meet in lobby at 1800

• Round tables in poster roomRound tables in poster room• Posters and abstractsPosters and abstracts

AgendaAgenda• MondayMonday– Welcome and OverviewWelcome and Overview– Science of the observing systemScience of the observing system– Ice Breaker at the Capitol City Brewing Ice Breaker at the Capitol City Brewing

CompanyCompany

• TuesdayTuesday– Science of the observing systemScience of the observing system– Discussion and RecommendationsDiscussion and Recommendations– Reception in the poster roomReception in the poster room

• WednesdayWednesday– Partnerships and ProgrammaticsPartnerships and Programmatics– COSC open session ……………..….….…COSC open session ……………..….….…– COSC executive session …………………….…….COSC executive session …………………….…….

• ThursdayThursday– JCOMM Observations Coordination Group …….JCOMM Observations Coordination Group …….

• Friday until noonFriday until noon– JCOMM OCGJCOMM OCG

AllAll COSCCOSC OCGOCG

Program OverviewProgram Overview

Same Goals Same Goals and Prioritiesand Priorities

1.1. Achieving global coverage Achieving global coverage by the by the in situin situ networks networks

2.2. System-wide monitoring System-wide monitoring and performance reportingand performance reporting

3.3. Funding to meet Funding to meet implementation targets -- implementation targets -- a a Global Observing System Global Observing System cannot be built with cannot be built with existing resources.existing resources.OCO

JCOMM Observation Program Area

Climate Observation Program

Achieving Global CoverageAchieving Global Coverage

Congratulations!Congratulations!

51%51%

• Statement by the President, 20 September 2004, The White House– “We have created a new integrated ocean observing system

with international partners.”

• NOAA Annual Guidance Memorandum for FY 2005:NOAA Annual Guidance Memorandum for FY 2005:– ““The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) must be The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) must be

developed as a major component of the U.S. contribution to developed as a major component of the U.S. contribution to GEOSS.”GEOSS.”

• GOESS 10-Year Implementation Plan Reference Document:– “Support implementation of actions called for in GCOS

Implementation Plan.”

GEOSS Implementation PlanGEOSS Implementation PlanReference DocumentReference Document::The Ocean BaselineThe Ocean Baseline

• October 2004 --- GCOS October 2004 --- GCOS Implementation Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in support of the UNFCCCClimate in support of the UNFCCC (GCOS- (GCOS-92): 92):

• The system put in place for Climate will also The system put in place for Climate will also support global weather prediction, global and support global weather prediction, global and coastal ocean prediction, marine hazards forecast coastal ocean prediction, marine hazards forecast and warning system, marine environmental and warning system, marine environmental monitoring, many other non-climate users.monitoring, many other non-climate users.

Office of Climate ObservationOffice of Climate Observation

MissionMission

Build and sustain a global climate Build and sustain a global climate observing system that will respond to the observing system that will respond to the long-term observational requirements of long-term observational requirements of the the operational forecast centers, operational forecast centers, international research programs, and international research programs, and major scientific assessments.major scientific assessments.

ObjectivesObjectives

• Document long term trends in sea Document long term trends in sea level changelevel change

• Document ocean carbon sources Document ocean carbon sources and sinksand sinks

• Document the ocean’s storage and Document the ocean’s storage and global transport of heat and fresh global transport of heat and fresh waterwater

• Document the ocean-atmosphere Document the ocean-atmosphere exchange of heat and fresh waterexchange of heat and fresh water

International PartnershipsInternational Partnershipsare Centralare Central

A global system by definition crosses international A global system by definition crosses international boundaries. boundaries.

All of NOAA’s global contributions are managed in All of NOAA’s global contributions are managed in cooperation with the Joint WMO/IOC Technical cooperation with the Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) -- Meteorology (JCOMM) -- presently 64 nationspresently 64 nations..

Tide Gauge Network 58 % complete 3˚x3˚ Argo Profiling Float Array 52% complete 5˚x5˚ Surface Drifting Buoy Array 79 % complete Moored Buoy Existing Planned Ocean Reference Station Existing Planned High Resolution XBT and Flux Line Existing Planned Frequently Repeated XBT Line Existing Planned Carbon Inventory & Deep Ocean Line Global Survey @ 10 years

Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Height, Surface Vector Wind, Sea Ice, and Ocean Color from Space

Global Ocean Observing System for ClimateGlobal Ocean Observing System for ClimateNow 51% complete.Now 51% complete.

GCOS-92

12501250

8484

2828

23002300

2727

531531

77

101101

7979

2626

923923

2424

497497

8989

7979

2626

497497

8989

7777

2424

370370

5656

975975

7979

2727

15001500

2424

497497

9191

12501250

9797

4545

30003000

5454

6464

2929

730730

99

125125

12501250

119119

5151

30003000

8989

3131

99

170170

12501250

115115

5151

30003000

7878

8585

3131

830830

99

155155

12501250

104104

5151

30003000

6060

7878

3131

830830

99

140140

12501250

8787

3434

30003000

5454

2727

640640

88

113113

7777

2323

370370

5151

20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 2006200620052005 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010

Initial Ocean Observing System Milestones including international contributionsInitial Ocean Observing System Milestones including international contributions

Tide GaugesTide GaugesReal-time StationsReal-time StationsInitial GCOS SubsetInitial GCOS Subset

Surface Drifting BuoysSurface Drifting Buoys

Tropical Moored BuoysTropical Moored Buoys

Ships of OpportunityShips of Opportunity

Argo FloatsArgo Floats

Reference StationsReference Stations

Arctic SystemArctic System

System EvaluationSystem Evaluation

Ocean Carbon NetworkOcean Carbon Network

Dedicated Ship TimeDedicated Ship Time

High resolution and frequentlyHigh resolution and frequentlyrepeated lines occupiedrepeated lines occupied

Number of floatsNumber of floats

Number of mooringsNumber of moorings

Number of buoysNumber of buoys

Days at sea Days at sea (NOAA contribution)(NOAA contribution)

Product evaluation andProduct evaluation andfeedback loops implementedfeedback loops implemented(NOAA contribution)(NOAA contribution)

Repeat Sections Committed,Repeat Sections Committed,One inventory per 10 yearsOne inventory per 10 years

Number of observatories, flux,Number of observatories, flux,and ocean transport stationsand ocean transport stations

Ice buoys, drifting andIce buoys, drifting andMoored stationsMoored stations

807807 671671 779779 787787

2020 3131 544544

1515 2929 3535 3737 4141

11

00 11 11 22

53534848 6666100100888877775555Total System Total System 3030 3434 4040 4545

20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 2006200620052005 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010

System % CompleteSystem % Complete

33

4242 4949

340340

Base BudgetFY 06 President’s BudgetPlanning, Unfunded

3737343431313030303029292929

Multi-Year Program Plan

00 00

Implementation

SIO

UH

UM

UW

PMEL

JCOMM

64 Nations

ETL

SAINCDC

FSU

OCO

CEFAS

RGOOS

AOML

LDEO

WHOI

19 Centers of Expertise151 People

NDBCCO-OPS

JCOMMOPS

BBSR

In Situ System Funding:45% External41% OAR Labs10% NWS03% Private01% NESDIS + NOS

NCEP

PBA budget: $43.5 million.OCO managed budget:

•$23.6 million•104 funded projects

Target: 1250

79 % complete

Challenge: Deploy and maintain a sustained Challenge: Deploy and maintain a sustained array of 1250 surface drifting buoysarray of 1250 surface drifting buoys

Major Milestone

Drifter #1250September 2005

Challenge: Extending the tropical Challenge: Extending the tropical moored buoy network across the moored buoy network across the Indian OceanIndian Ocean

CLIVAR/GOOS Initial Indian Ocean moored array design

• Japan - 2 existing TRITON sites• India-USA deployed 4 ATLAS moorings November 2004

68% complete

TAO/TRITONTAO/TRITON PIRATAPIRATA

Challenge: Occupy 51 Ship-of-OpportunityHigh Resolution and Frequently Repeated XBT lines

AX07AX10

AX11

AX03

AX20

AX22

IX01

IX09IX10

IX12IX22

IX28

PX05

PX06 PX08

PX09

PX10

PX13PX17

PX18

PX30

PX31

PX34

PX37

PX38

PX40

PX44

PX50

AX08

AX18

AX25

AX29

AX34

IX06IX07 IX08

IX15

PX02

PX04PX11

IX21

PX21

PX36

PX81

SOOP: January-June 2004Well sampledOver sampledPartially sampledUnder sampledNot sampled HDXNot sampled FRX

AX15

24000 XBTs required per year18337 Present drops per year5663 Additional XBTs needed53 % complete

52% complete

Challenge: Achieve a global array of 3000 Challenge: Achieve a global array of 3000 profiling floats profiling floats

NOAA ContributionsNOAA Future

35% complete

Challenge: Deploy and maintain 89 Ocean Reference Stations.

Challenge: 10-year repeat Global Ocean Carbon Inventory Challenge: 10-year repeat Global Ocean Carbon Inventory and Deep Ocean Surveyand Deep Ocean Survey

The Existing System17 programs in the Atlantic9 programs in the Pacific2 programs in the Indian.

Challenge: design a pCO2 observing system for seasonal variability

Goal: 170 stations reporting in real timeand geocentrically located (presently 69)

170 Climate Reference Tide Gauge StationsCould Provide Tsunami Warning in Real Time

Challenge: Implement the GCOS Climate Reference Challenge: Implement the GCOS Climate Reference Tide Gauge Station NetworkTide Gauge Station Network

58% complete

Blue “Climate” Stations collected dataduring the December 2005 tsunami

Sites where Tsunami and Climate plans overlap -- potential for coordinationSites where Tsunami and Climate plans overlap -- potential for coordinationSites where Climate missions already deploy tsunami buoys routinelySites where Climate missions already deploy tsunami buoys routinely

Integrating Climate and Tsunami Buoy Support ServicesIntegrating Climate and Tsunami Buoy Support Services

System-wide Monitoring and System-wide Monitoring and Performance ReportingPerformance Reporting

Monthly Reports to the Department of Commerce:New Climate Observations Introduced

FY2004 Target: 275 new ARGO floats deployed;

FY2004 Actual: • 529 ARGO floats, • 792 total ocean observing platforms

Cu

mu

lati

ve o

bse

rvin

g

pla

tfo

rms

dep

loye

d

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Oct-04 Nov-04 Dec-04 Jan-05 Feb-05 Mar-05 Apr-05 May-05

Jun-05 Jul-05 Aug-05

Sep-05

Total Increase FY05 Target ARGO increase

FY2005 Target: 1013 new platforms deployed;

FY2005 Actual to date: • 203 ARGO floats, • 230 total ocean observing platforms

FY 2004

FY 2005

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

GPRA Goal

Requirement: 0.2°C - 0.5°C

Requirement: 0.2°C - 0.5°C accuracy; 500km horizontal resolution; 25 samples per week (GOOS/GCOS, 1999)

Performance Measure: Reduce the error in global measurement of Sea Surface Temperature

Metric: Potential satellite bias error (degrees Celsius)

Observing System Status: 2004, Q4.Sea Surface Temperature

Drifting BuoysMoored BuoysShipsTotal

Goal:100% Global Coverage

100

80

60

40

20

0

Percent of 5x5 Boxes with 25 Observations per Week

Requirement: All boxes blue

Drifting Buoys + Moored Buoys + Weighted Ship Observations

Ship observations not shown

Evaluate EffectivenessEvaluate Effectiveness

Surface Drifting Buoys

Coastal Moored Buoys

Data and Assimilation Subsystems

Product Delivery

Dedicated Ship Operations,Ocean Carbon and Hydrographic Surveys

Satellites,Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Height, Surface Vector Wind, Ocean Color, and Sea Ice

Tropical Moored Buoys

Volunteer Observing Ships,Ships of Opportunity

Argo Profiling Floats

Tide Gauge Stations

Ocean Reference Stationsand Ocean Transport Monitoring

Surface Drifting Buoys

Coastal Moored Buoys

Ice Buoys

Data and Assimilation Subsystems

Product Delivery

System OperationsClick on System Buttons for links to Country Contributions

and International Programs

Global Ocean Observing System for Climateand Marine Services

1. Links to International Program Web Site(s)

2. Links to National Center(s) Web Sites

www.jcommops.org/network_status

Standard Base Map• Equidistant Cylindrical Projection• 90N to 90S• Broken at 30 E• Evaluation Key: Blue-is-good to Red-is-bad• Measurement Key: Blue for low values, Red for high values• Depth Key: Blue for deep, Red for surface

Funding to Meet Funding to Meet Implementation TargetsImplementation Targets

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1 2 3 4

Climate Observation Program

Overhead

Manage

Analysis

Data & Assim

Argos Data

Ships

Rain Gauges

SURFRAD

Carbon

Ice Buoys

Ref Stations

Argo

TAO/PIRATA

Ships of Opp

Drifters

Tide GaugesFY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005

$ K$23,578

$20,792

$15,319$13,404

FY 2006 Budget PlanningFY 2006 Budget Planning• Ocean Observations for Climate (+$3.5 Ocean Observations for Climate (+$3.5 million)million)

– Incremental advancements across all networksIncremental advancements across all networks• Sea levelSea level

– Tide gauge stations --Real-time GCOS Reference StationsTide gauge stations --Real-time GCOS Reference Stations

• Ocean carbonOcean carbon– pCO2 on ships and buoyspCO2 on ships and buoys– Dedicated ship time for Carbon/CLIVAR surveyDedicated ship time for Carbon/CLIVAR survey

• Ocean Heat and Fresh WaterOcean Heat and Fresh Water– Dedicated ship time for Ocean Reference StationsDedicated ship time for Ocean Reference Stations– More Ship of Opportunity HRX linesMore Ship of Opportunity HRX lines– Surface Salinity on drifters.Surface Salinity on drifters. Ships? Ships?– Automated met stations on VOS?Automated met stations on VOS?– Gliders? Moorings?Gliders? Moorings?– Ice Mass Balance Buoys?Ice Mass Balance Buoys?

• Tropical Buoy Expansion (+$3.2 million)Tropical Buoy Expansion (+$3.2 million)• Indian Ocean -- 50% of the arrayIndian Ocean -- 50% of the array• Next Generation Technology developmentNext Generation Technology development• Salinity on TAOSalinity on TAO• TAO/PIRATA Ocean Reference StationsTAO/PIRATA Ocean Reference Stations• PIRATA extensionsPIRATA extensions

Ocean Analysis and Expert TeamOcean Analysis and Expert TeamQuestions from last year’s Annual Questions from last year’s Annual

System ReviewSystem Review• Should we undertake a program of Should we undertake a program of

ocean analysis? ocean analysis? YESYES• What percent of the budget is What percent of the budget is

reasonable? reasonable? 20% of ‘04 increase?20% of ‘04 increase?• Do you favor:Do you favor:

– Seven Teams?Seven Teams?– One Team?One Team? ONE TEAMONE TEAM– Phased, community-wide workshop Phased, community-wide workshop

approach?approach?

Following the OCO Annual System Review

C&GC and Climate Monitoring Working Groups

Duck Key, April 2004

– An integrated observing system strategy must include observations and subsequent analysis components

Next Question:

– Where is the boundary between the Observing System in the context of total climate services?

– I.e., what should be funded in the Observing System Box and what should be funded by other Climate Programs?

– Pilot projects will help answer this programmatic issue.

• Pilot projects in 7 of the 8 products areas.• Partnership with NCEP to deliver GODAS Model

Products.

Suite of Ocean Analysis Products

• Sea level to identify changes resulting from climate variability.• Ocean carbon content every ten years and the air-sea exchange

seasonally.• Sea surface temperature and surface currents to identify

significant patterns of climate variability.• Sea surface pressure and air-sea exchanges of heat, momentum,

and fresh water to identify changes in forcing functions driving ocean conditions and atmospheric conditions.

• Ocean heat and fresh water content and transports to:– identify changes in the global water cycle– identify changes in thermohaline circulation and monitor for

indications of possible abrupt climate change– identify where anomalies enter the ocean, how they move

and are transformed, and where they re-emerge to interact with the atmosphere.

• Sea ice thickness and concentrations.

GODAS Model Products1. EMC data files in WMO standard GRIB format2. CPC plots, data, and intercomparisons

• Global X-Y Plots– OI SST– Temperature at 5 meter depth– Sea level height– Sea level pressure– Surface ocean current– Surface wind stress– Surface net heat flux– Surface net fresh water flux– Depth of 20 degree thermocline– Mixing layer depth– Heat storage in the upper 400 meters

• Vertical Section Plots– Temperature at Equator– Zonal current at equator– Temperature and meridional current at 165E– Temperature and meridionla current at 140W– Temperature and meridional current at 110W– Temperature and meridional current at 30W

• Hovmoeller Plots (Time-Longitude Plots averaged at 2S-2N)– OI SST– Sea level height– Sea level pressure– Zonal wind stress– Depth of 20 degree thermocline

• Observation Data Distribution– Temperature

• XBT• Argo• TAO/TRITON• PIRATA

– Salinity• Argo

– Altimetry sea level

• Model and Observation Intercomparison– Temperature

• XBT• Argo• TAO/TRITON• PIRATA

– Salinity• Argo

FY 2006 CTB Partnership: Proposals to enhance and evaluate the NOAA operational global ocean analysis system and products. LOIs to CTB due May 20.

Thank YouThank You

photo courtesy of MeteoFrance