well logging-introduction chapter two.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Logging Well General Procedures
Chapter Two
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Logging Well General Procedures
*In 1929,electrical resistivity logging was
introduced on a commercial basis in
Venezuela,the United States ,and Russia.
*It was a natural move for the
Schlumberger brothers to extend and
develop their experience from one place to
another.
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Cementation-2
*The procedure of cementing a casingstring in the borehole to isolate the
productive interval.
*Introduced in Oklahoma in 1920 byHalliburton.
*In 1933 Schlumberger offered the primary
thermometer log to pick the cement top by
recording the heat anomalies from thecuring cement.
*The discovery of Sonic tool in 1961, which
led to the Cement Bond Log (CBL)
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Perforation-3
*After the success of early cementingoperations.
*It was required the development of a
method to perforate the casing andthe cementing material facing theproductive interval for production.
*A wireline bullet guns were
introduced in the mid 1930s toperforate the productive intervals.
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Correlation Logs-4
*The gamma ray and neutron tools ,unlikeresistivity tools ,represented the first use of
radioactive properties and down hole
electronics in well logging through steel
casing, as well as in air –or gas-filled holes
or in oil-based mud.
*These developments of the gamma ray
scintillation detector in the late 1950s wasanother breakthrough for better correlation
for logs between the boreholes in oil and
gas fields.
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Formation Evaluation-5
*Neutron log in combination with gammaray log enhances lithological interpretationsand well-to-well stratigraphic correlations.
*In 1950s,attention was given to the neutron
indicator.poros i ty log as a*This was the first serious attempt to
evaluate formations through casing.
*The introduction of (CNL) compensatedneutron log in 70s that the neutron gained
poros i ty wide acceptance as ameasurement.
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Other Developments-6
*Cased hole wireline services have
many other types both mechanical and
electrical, which were developed
throughout the years.
. *In 1950s a complete series of
production logging tools to measure
the nature and behavior of downhole
fluids. *Sophisticated tools for setting
plugs and packers are now available.
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Data Processing -8
Signal processing can beperformed on three levels;
1-Downhole in the tools2-Up-hole in the truck
3-Central computingoffice
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Data Processing
*Sometime the logging tool is designed to
process data downhole and transmitted to
the surface.
*A Schlumberger Cyber Service Unit(CSU) isa well-site standard digital computer system
carried on a Schlumberger wireline units
throughout the world.
*The computer center offers a more powerful
computers, expert log analysts, more time
and the integration of more data, ex.
Schlumberger computer centers
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Data Transmission-9
*The CSU system is able totransmit logs from the well-site
with a suitable communication
link.
*Another CSU system is to be the
receiving station.*Data can be edited or
reformatted before transmission
to reduce the transmission time
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Data Transmission
communicationsLOGNET *With thenetwork, graphic data or log
transmittedfrom the wellSatell i te via
site to multiple locations.*A small transportable
communications antenna at the
wellsite permits transmission of welllog data via satellite to a computing
center.
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Data Transmission
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The End