wellhead - xmas tree
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wellhead - xmas treeTRANSCRIPT
Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved
Wellhead & X-mas Tree
Overview of Equipment
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Tubing head and X-mas tree
Tubing head– Surface equipment from which the tubing is suspended
Xmas tree or valve array– Used to control well during production– Mounted above wellhead
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Tubing Hanger/Xmas Tree Interface
Tubing hanger extends inside base of Xmas tree
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Tubinghead Functions
Primary functions of tubinghead Suspend tubing with hanger Provide a hydraulic seal between tubing and annulus Provide access port(s) to annulus Provide mounting for Xmas tree
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Xmas Trees
Primary flow control system for well once in production Features and access requirements
– Outflow from well - production– Inflow to well - injection or killing– Vertical access to tubing - wireline, etc.– Access for electrical cables or hydraulic conduits
• e.g. ESP or safety valve
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Tubing Head & X-Mas Tree
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Xmas Tree Components
Pressure gauges– allow well pressures to be monitored
Gauge flange or tree cap– provides seal for top of tree
Swab valve (lubricator valve)– isolate pressure, well access for intervention tools
Flow tee– used to direct flow, enable thru-tubing access
Production wing valve– used to isolate well for most routine operations
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Xmas Tree Components
Kill wing valve– enables connection of pumping equipment
Choke– controls rate of flow from well
Master valves (main isolation valves)– Upper Master Valve (operational valve)– hydraulically controlled Surface Safety Valve – Lower Master Valve (back-up valve)– manually operated
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FLOWLINE
ANNULUS LINE
SUMMARY OF ELECTRIC AND SLICKLINE JOBS
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FLOWLINE
ANNULUS LINE
SUMMARY OF ELECTRIC AND SLICKLINE JOBS
WIRELINE BOP
CABLE
TOOL
GREASE TUBE
HYDRAULIC PACKOFF
WIRELINE UPPER SHEAVE
SHIFTING TOOL TOOPEN/CLOSE SLIDING SLEEVES (S)
AMERADA BOMB/THERMOMETER FOR PRESSURE/TEMP. PROFILES, MULTIRATE TESTS, PRESSURE BUILD UP TESTS (S)
THRU TUBING PERFORATING GUN (E)
PRODUCTION LOGGING TOOLS (E)
SETTING PLUGS, SAFETY VALES, GASLIFT VALVES, (S)
FLUID SAMPLER (S)
SAND BAILER (S)
PULLING TOOLS (S)
IMPRESSION BLOCK (S)
SCRAPERS (S)
TUBING CALIPER (S)
FISHING TOOLS (S)
E: ELETRICAL LINES: SLICK LINE
LUBRICATOR
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Spool and Hanger
Thread for plug or check valve
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Hangers for Dual Completion
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Well cluster in shallow water
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Categories of Xmas Tree
Flanged tree– Several flanged components (leak paths)– Much more common than monoblock design– More flexible than monoblock design– takes up more space (height)
Monoblock construction tree– Single block construction– Fewer possible leak paths– Used in high pressure/leak sensitive locations– More expensive than flanged tree
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Flanged Xmas Tree
Tree cap and gauge
Swab valve
Production wing valve
Choke
Upper master valve(operational valve)
Lower master valve(back-up)
Kill valve or service valve with blank plate during normal service
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Monoblock Xmas Tree
Comprises inline or "Y" shaped block of single casting/forging
Valving arrangement– Lower Master Valve (manual)– Upper Master Valve (Surface Safety Valve) – Y piece or side outlet flanges
• houses both production and kill wing valves– Uppermost valve (manual swab valve)
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Monoblock Xmas Tree
Tree cap and gauge
Swab valve
Production wing valve
Upper Master Valve
Kill wing valve
Lower Master Valve
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Well in Cellar
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Tree hook-up
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Multiple Completions
Cases where more than one completion string installed Each string independently suspended Must seal off tubing casing annulus
– either independently or collectively Independent control of fluid flow in each string
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Multiple Completion Tree
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Tree-Saver
Stroke lengthup to 5 ft
Rating15000 PSI
To protect X-mas tree against high pressures during frac jobs etc.
Seal element for hanger or tubing
Connection to x-mas tree