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6 August 2008from 2:30 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.
Venue: SBR3
XVII International AIDS Conference3-8 August 2008 | Mexico City
Skills Building Session
Professional Media Coverage:Culture, Gender and Human Rights
in HIV and AIDS Reporting
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Workshop Objectives
To increase awareness of what comprises culturally relevant, human rights-based and gender sensitive reporting.
To build knowledge on how to report effectively on HIV and AIDS.
To identify the importance of language in reporting on HIV and AIDS.
To build media professionals’ capacity for reporting on HIV and AIDS.
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Workshop Facilitators
Mr Andrew RadolfUNESCO Office in San Jose
Ms Mia MilanInternews
Mr Chris MallourisGlobal Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS,GNP+
Ms Ainhoa JaureguibeitiaUNESCO Headquarters, Culture Sector
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Perspectives on how the global media news reports
on HIV and AIDS
SESSION I
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Analysis
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FINDINGS:
• Coverage: Room for improvement concerning the scope and quality of HIV and AIDS coverage in the media.
• Language: The language used to report on HIV and AIDS is still perceived to be stigmatizing – portraying people living with HIV as passive victims, or in some cases even criminalizing them.
• Conflict of interest: The goals of the media and HIV activists are perceived by some to be in opposition.
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RECOMMENDATIONS:
More investigative stories about social issues related to HIV and AIDS
More stories about people living with HIV and AIDS in order to give a face and a voice to the disease
Increased focus on positive living within the portrayals of people living with HIV
More specialist health reporters
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Placing Concepts: Culturally Appropriate,
Gender Responsive and Human Rights-Based
Reporting
SESSION II
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Santé
здоровье
صحه
Health
Salud
Different Definitions of Health
健康
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Why Culture Matters…?
Important to understand how culture influences
the discussion, prevention and treatment of illness
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Culture has a vital influence on health:
Determines how health-related
decisions are made
It shapes definitions of illness
Why Culture Matters…?
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What are some examples of the relationship between culture and health when covering HIV and AIDS?
Sex Education
Gender Roles
Community versus Individual values
Why Culture Matters…?
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Culture is often portrayed as an obstacle
to healthy behaviours
but in fact
Culture is usually the key to encouraging
positive behaviour changes.
Why Culture Matters…?
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Why Culture Matters…?
Impossible to recognize every social and cultural factor impacting the epidemic
Gender
HumanRights
Culture
Education
Politics
Economics
Law
Health
HIV and AIDS epidemic
Culture
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BUT building a general awareness of these can make reporting more accurate, balanced and relevant to your audience.
Why Culture Matters…?
Gender
HumanRights
Culture
Education
Politics
Economics
Law
Health
HIV and AIDS epidemic
Culture
Media
Media
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Need to supplement knowledge of
the basic facts about
the epidemic
Challenge for journalistsreporting on HIV and AIDS is to balance
between
Why Culture Matters…?
Gender
HumanRights
Culture
Education
Politics
Economics
Law
Health
HIV and AIDS epidemic
Culture
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Gender Responsive ….?
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The term “Gender” is often confused with ‘Sex’:
‘SEX’The biological and physiological
characteristics that define someone as a man or woman
Gender - What do we mean?
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Gender - What do we mean?
To mark the difference in your writing, you can use ‘male’ and ‘female’ for sex categories,
and ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’ for gender categories [1].
[1] World Health Organisation (WHO), “What do we mean by “sex” and “gender”?”
http://www.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en/index.html
Gender Culturally constructed roles assigned
to men and women influencing what behaviours, activities and
attributes are acceptable for each sex.
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Gender and the Pandemic
Gender inequality
is currently both
fuelling and intensifying
the impact of the HIV epidemic.
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For example, gender norms can influence:
• Access to education and information
• Sexual practice and risk behaviours
• How violence among genders is condoned
Gender and the Pandemic
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Integrating a Gender Perspective in your work
Everyone has personal opinions, biases and stereotypes
that can easily influence a person's work
Gender biases and prejudices within reporting
and amongst media practitioners can seriously jeopardize
the quality and accuracy of reporting.
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Introducing a gender perspective into the media is important
because it helps journalists and editors to understand how:
Attitudes, Prejudices, Biases, and Socialization
come out within reporting
Gender Perspective
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Gender Responsive Reporting
Gaining an understanding of how gender is impacting the epidemic as a necessarybasis for reporting on the epidemic.
Two Gender Dimensions within HIV and AIDS reporting:
Adding a gender perspective to the reporting process:• Who gets covered?• From what perspective?• What stereotypes are
communicated?• Does the coverage reveal gender
inequality that reinforces or upholds traditional values and attitudes that diminish one’s rights?
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Human Rights-Based …
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Human rights-based approach (HRBA)
Human rights express recognition and respect for human dignity:
they are universal and belong equally to all human beings
Human rights consist of:
economic, social and cultural rights
civil and political rights
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Linkages: HRBA, HIV and AIDS
• They impact not only the physical health of individuals, but also their social identity and condition.
• Extremely high levels of stigma and discrimination surrounding HIV and AIDS.
What is different
about HIV and AIDS?
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The spread of HIV and AIDS is disproportionately high among groups
already experiencing a lack of human rights protection,
social and economic discrimination, and/or are marginalized by their legal status. [1]
Linkages: HRBA, HIV and AIDS
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), “HIV/AIDS and Human Rights, Young People in Action Kit”
http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=35997&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html, 2001.
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When Human Rights are Denied:
• Lack of access to information can lead to misinformation and risky behaviors
• Medicines to protect the right to life and the right to health can be difficult to access and afford
• Discrimination and denial of the right to employment is more likely to occur
• There is often a loss of privacy, confidentiality and dignity
• Increased likelihood that people will NOT seek counseling, testing, treatment and support
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Gender
HumanRights
Education
PoliticsEconomics
Law
Health
HIV and AIDS epidemic
Media
Culture
Media
Where to go from here…?