wfp in africa
TRANSCRIPT
WFP in Africa2010 Facts and Figures
Fig
hti
ng
Hu
ng
er W
orl
dw
ide
WFP in Africa2010 Facts and Figures
Many African people continue to face
tremendous difficulties in providing food for
themselves and their families. The UN Food
and Agriculture Organization (FAO) put the
number of hungry people in the world in
2010 at 925 million, as a combination of high
food and fuel prices and the global economic
crisis took their toll. Some 239 million of the
world’s hungry live in sub-Saharan Africa.
WFP partners governments in using food
assistance not only as a response to
humanitarian crises but also as a productive
investment to help break the cycle of hunger
at its roots. WFP’s interventions address
hunger needs, enhance local markets, foster
the productivity of small farmers and build
national capacities. This approach places
WFP at the forefront of innovation in the
humanitarian domain as an agency that offers
an expanded set of food assistance tools to
address hunger and thereby promote growth
and development. There is a growing trend of
support for country-led food security
strategies. The African Union Commission
(AUC) is working to promote African
investment in comprehensive food security
and adaptation programmes through the New
Partnership for Africa’s Development’s
Planning and Coordination Agency (NEPAD-
NPCA) and the Comprehensive Africa
Agriculture Development Programme
(CAADP). WFP is a strong partner to the AUC
and NEPAD-NPCA, aiming to support
CAADP implementation at regional and
national levels.
Presence in Africa: WFP is active in more
than 40 countries in Africa. In 2010, it
assisted almost 46 million people to survive
food crises, rebuild their communities after
disasters, attain food security and an education.
WFP has a trusted toolbox of proven hunger
solutions, spanning the full range of food and
cash-based interventions to address hunger
in different contexts, with an emphasis on
improving the nutritional status of vulnerable
populations. WFP is developing innovative
approaches such as Purchase for Progress
(P4P), which connects small-scale farmers —
many of them women — to markets and
stimulates production. P4P is already operating
pilot initiatives in 15 African countries.
1
Africa is at the heart of the World FoodProgramme’s operations.
WFP assists African governments and communities to implement
comprehensive country-led hunger solution programmes. WFP spends
more than 50 percent of its global assistance in Africa. In 2010, out of the
total US$4 billion expenditure, more than US$2.3 billion was allocated to
Africa. WFP is the world’s biggest buyer of food for humanitarian
operations and it is the largest single purchaser of food assistance in Africa.
These people included:
• small-scale farmers;
• refugees, returnees and internallydisplaced persons (IDPs);
• children in schools and pre-schools;
• malnourished women and childrenrequiring therapeutic feeding;
• children, pregnant women and nursingmothers at risk of malnutrition;
• communities in need of socio-economicinfrastructure and training;
• families affected by HIV and AIDS.
In 2010, women and girls accounted for 52
percent of all those supported by WFP in
Africa.
The Purchase for Progress (P4P) initiative
is working with some 830 farmers’
organizations in Africa, representing more
than 820,000 smallholder farmers (around
a third of whom are women).
2
People
AlmoSt hAlF oF thE 109 mIllIoN PEoPlE ASSIStED by
WFP IN 2010 WErE IN AFrICA.
West Africa16.3 million
Southern Africa5.6 million
East andCentral Africa23.7 million
North Africa0.5 million
WFP-supported refugees, IDPs and returnees in Africa (2004–2010)
WFP beneficiaries in Africaby region in 2010
WFP extended its Strategic Plan for
2008–2011 to 2013. The Strategic Plan
provides a general framework for WFP
interventions and articulates WFP’s shift
from a food aid to a food assistance agency
aiming to reduce dependency and support
governments’ and global efforts to ensure
long-term solutions to hunger.
Emergency operations: To save the
lives and protect the livelihoods of the
people most at risk of malnutrition.
Emergencies are usually the result of natural
catastrophes such as floods, droughts and
tsunamis, or man-made disasters, such as
war, conflict or economic collapse.
Emergencies demand rapid interventions that
are efficient, coordinated and effective. As
well as providing food assistance, WFP has
been designated to lead and coordinate
logistics and emergency telecommunications
provision for the whole humanitarian
community during emergencies, under the
UN cluster system.
Recovery: Programmes to assist
communities in preventing acute
hunger, regaining lost livelihoods and
achieving resilience to disasters,
self-reliance and dignity.
Post-disaster recovery usually occurs in
parallel with humanitarian assistance.
Programmes are community-based, attending
to priority areas selected by the communities
themselves: safety nets such as food for work
and food for training help rebuild assets and
skills. Rebuilding lives and livelihoods in
post-conflict, post-disaster or transition
situations includes providing food assistance
to victims of displacement and to demobilized
troops.
Development: Sustainable
programmes to reduce chronic hunger
and undernutrition in Africa by
investing in human capital, especially
women and children, and
consolidating progress towards
achieving the Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs).
When marginalized communities overcome
hunger, they can start to participate in the
economic and social development of their
countries. The latest scientific research shows
that malnutrition in the first two years of life
can lead to irreversible damage to children’s
minds and bodies. Our approach is to
maximize our nutritional interventions by
providing the right food at the right time.
Building partnerships — with national
governments, other United Nations agencies,
regional institutions such as the African
Union Commission (AUC), NEPAD, the
Regional Economic Communities (RECs),
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and
the private sector — is an essential element of
WFP’s Strategic Plan.
3
Programmes
The SAFE initiative helps to reduce the risk
of violence faced by women gathering
firewood and protects the environment by
reducing the number of trees cut down for
cooking fuel. It also creates alternative
livelihoods to reduce the reliance on firewood
collection for income. In Africa, WFP is
implementing the Safe Access to Firewood
and alternative Energy in Humanitarian
Settings (SAFE) initiative in North Darfur
(Sudan), Karamoja (Uganda) and plans to
expand to Chad, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Ethiopia and Kenya.
In North Darfur – where the erosion of the
natural resources is particularly bleak and the
risk of violent attacks is the highest – WFP
set up fire-fuel brick-making. Rubbish
collection, sorting and briquette-making
involved hundreds of households. Mud stove
production is supported through food-for-
work activities, such as gardening and tree-
planting. So far 43,000 women have been
trained in the production of fuel-efficient
stoves.
In Karamoja, women reported that the
faster cooking time of fuel-efficient stoves
allowed them to pursue other activities. The
reduced firewood collection time also
decreases the risk of exposure to violence.
In Kenya, WFP is planning to reach 75,000
women with fuel-efficient stoves in Kakuma
and Dadaab refugee camps where women face
risks of violence during firewood collection
and the increasing refugee population in
Dadaab is increasing the strain on the already
fragile environment. In 2010, WFP
distributed 98 institutional fuel-efficient
stoves in WFP-assisted schools as part of the
school meals programme.
4
SAFE Stoves
oPErAtIoNAl toolS —
loGIStICS
When an emergency strikes, WFP finds a way
to respond within hours, delivering urgently
needed food and life-saving relief by land, sea
and air. Logistics is therefore at the core of
WFP operations.
In 2010, WFP distributed 4.25 million
metric tons of food to 109 million
people in over 70 countries.
Two million tons of food was shipped
through 20 ports in Africa.
In response to the severe deterioration of the
food security and nutritional situation in
Niger, WFP scaled up its operations to
provide food for millions of people affected by
drought from August to December 2010.
WFP faced challenges to expand the
operation and meet significantly increased
requirements which meant the average
monthly movement of food assistance
increased from 3,000 to 40,000 metric tons.
In addition, WFP procured over 40 percent of
the total requirement within the region and
also mobilized the necessary commercial
trucking capacity regionally.
WFP, as the lead agency of the Logistics
Cluster, provided logistics coordination and,
when necessary, common services for
emergency operations in Côte d’Ivoire,
Somalia, Democratic Republic of the Congo
(DRC), Niger and Benin. This ranged from
storage facilities, cargo tracking and handling
to trucking, as well as the facilitation of air
services for use by the humanitarian
community.
The UN Humanitarian Response Depot
(UNHRD) in Accra, Ghana, was on the
frontline for emergency response and support
in Niger and Benin as well as other parts of
the continent.
WFP’s work in Africa goes beyond providing
food assistance. WFP’s logistics activities
bring lasting economic benefits. They offer
employment and income-generating
opportunities. In 2010 alone, the agency paid
approximately US$536 million to local
trucking companies and African-based air
operators.
WFP rehabilitated transport infrastructure in
several African countries, and also provided
training and capacity-building opportunities
in some important sectors. The activities were
crucial in improving access to populations in
need of humanitarian assistance in several
countries including the DRC, Somalia and
Sudan. In South Sudan, 2,732 km of roads
have been rehabilitated in partnership with
the Government of South Sudan. Better roads
make food transportation cheaper and help
local farmers get access to markets. Such
special operations accounted for over
US$50 million of investment in Africa in
2010. Investments in infrastructure not only
improve transport, capacity, speed, and
efficiency but also provide significant training
and capacity building opportunities as well as
economic stimulus.
WFP strengthened its logistics emergency
preparedness in 2010. In preparation for the
referendum in Southern Sudan, WFP logistics
undertook emergency preparedness activities
covering Sudan and all the neighbouring
countries, prepositioning food and drawing
up contingency plans.
WFP continued to manage and operate the
United Nations Humanitarian Air Service
(UNHAS) for the entire humanitarian
community. UNHAS transported over
350,000 passengers and over 14,000 metric
tons of humanitarian cargo for hundreds of
agencies, local and international, providing
humanitarian services in 12 countries in Africa.
Tools to Fight Hunger
5
WFP is the single largest purchaser of
food assistance in Africa. For the period
2003 to 2010, total food procurement
from Africa amounted to more than
US$2.0 billion, which was infused into
local economies to spur on agricultural
production by enhancing market access
for local producers. Although in 2010
WFP made the majority of its food
purchases in Asia, between 2005 and
2008 most food purchases were made in
Africa. Ethiopia was the country where
WFP procured the most in value terms
in Africa in 2010. South Africa and
Uganda also ranked among the top 15
countries for WFP food purchases.
6
The Power of Procurement
North America82,303 mtUS$39.7 million
96 Countries: 76 Developing countries 20 Developed countries
Europe734,951 mtUS$280.7 million
Asia1,275,134 mtUS$540 million
Africa984,871 mtUS$328.9 million oceania
2,045 mtUS$1.7 million
latin America87,016 mtUS$59.1 million
Where did we purchase food in 2010?
Sorghum41,741 mt
4.24%
other21,626 mt
2.20%
Sugar401 mt0.04%
maize516,767 mt
52.47%
rice9,582 mt0.97%
blended Food148,133 mt
15.04%
Pulses80,818 mt
8.21%
Wheat Flour5,709 mt0.58%
Vegetable oil2,745 mt0.28%
maize meal73,244 mt
7.44%
WFP food purchases in Africa in 2010
WFP food purchases in 2010:top 15 countriesRanked by value
Wheat84,104 mt
8.54%
total quantity984,871 mt
Food procurement by Regional Economic Community in 2010
The Arab Maghreb Union (UMA) 5 677 301
Economic Community ofWest African States (ECOWAS)
45 160 884
Economic Community ofCentral African States (ECCAS)
4 622 956
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
136 360 843
Community of Sahel-SaharanStates (CEN-SAD) 47 631 906
Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
143 692 300
East African Community (EAC) 69 533 025Southern Africa Development
Community (SADC) 120 790 896
(in million US$)
Note: Several countries are members of more than one REC.
7
WFP food purchases in Africa, 2008 - 2010
WhAt IS P4P?
P4P is a pilot initiative that uses WFP’s
purchasing power in new ways to help
smallholder farmers enter markets in a
profitable way. When WFP buys, for example,
grain for food assistance programmes, it tries
increasingly to purchase from smallholder
farmers. We are helping build capacity in
areas such as production techniques, storage
and post-harvest handling, quality standards
and business management.
Working in partnership with governments,
international organizations and NGOs, P4P
provides smallholder farmers in 21 pilot
countries1 (15 of which are in Africa) with an
incentive to invest in their production. They
have the possibility to sell to a reliable buyer
and receive a fair price for their crops. With
increased incomes, smallholder farmers will
be able to expand their agricultural activities,
afford health services, send their children to
school and invest in their future. The goal of
the 5-year pilot initiative is to develop models
to help governments and other buyers to
replicate these approaches to build long-
lasting capacities at the farmers’ level.
P4P IN AFrICA
By the end of 2010, WFP had contracted
almost 130,000 tons of food under P4P in
15 African countries2. Maize and maize meal
made up almost 80 percent of purchases,
followed by pulses such as beans and peas
and by sorghum, millet and rice. About a
third was bought directly from farmers’
organizations, while 59 percent was
purchased through smallholder-friendly
tenders and through structured trading
systems. Small quantities have been
purchased through forward contracts, mainly
in West Africa, and from private sector food
processing companies.
With the contracts awarded through P4P for
locally produced food, WFP paid
approximately US$23 million less than when
importing the same commodities from
overseas, and channelled about US$37
million more directly into the pockets of
smallholders.
P4P is working with some 830 farmers’
organizations in Africa, representing more
than 820,000 smallholder farmers
(around a third of whom are women) and
ranging from grassroots level organizations to
higher level unions and nationwide
federations.
8
Purchase for Progress — P4P
1 The 21 P4P pilot countries are Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Ghana,Guatemala, Honduras, Kenya, Laos, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania,Uganda and Zambia.
2 In 2010, P4P contracted food in all 15 pilot countries in Africa from farmers’ organizations, through emerging structured tradingsystems such as Warehouse Receipt Systems and Commodity Exchanges, small and medium traders and emerging local foodprocessors.
Food contracted by WFP in Africa through P4PUS$37 million
Savings to WFPUS$23 million
What the same food would have cost WFP to importUS$60 million
On the ground, P4P has established
partnerships with a wide range of entities
including governments, international and
regional organizations, UN agencies such as
the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
and the International Fund for Agricultural
Development (IFAD), the Alliance for a Green
Revolution in Africa (AGRA), international
and local NGOs, financial institutions,
research bodies and the private sector.
More than 22,000 smallholder farmers,
small and medium traders and warehouse
operators (43 percent of whom are women)
have received training by WFP and
partners, on different topics including
agricultural production, quality
specifications, post-harvest handling,
contracting with WFP, group marketing and
commercialization.
FoCUS oN CAPACIty bUIlDING
Strengthening farmers’ organizations:
Their abilities vary widely across countries
and often require support across the value
chain: weak skills in business management
and a lack of experience on how to handle
and market crops are major limitations that
are addressed under P4P.
Food quality: Missing storage facilities and
post-harvest handling equipment is a major
challenge for farmers’ organizations in many
African P4P countries, as it leads to high
post-harvest losses. Through P4P, farmers
are trained on the importance of food quality,
how to achieve it and how to maintain it.
Accessing financial services: Farmers’
organizations face difficulties in accessing
credit and other financial services, which
9
limits their access to high-quality seeds and
fertilizers and their capacity to collect
commodities from their members. P4P is
working with partners to make financial
services more easily available for
smallholders.
Increasing productivity: Supply-side
partners work with farmers’ organizations on
all levels to help them raise their productivity.
Through high-quality inputs and training
sessions on new farming practices,
smallholder farmers can raise the
productivity of their fields significantly.
Women: Ensuring that female farmers not
only participate in P4P, but benefit
economically, is challenging, especially for
women who are not the head of households.
P4P works with partners to develop and
implement strategies to strengthen women’s
role in – and earnings from – agricultural
marketing.
StorIES From thE FIElD:“P4P IS A GooD mArkEt”
Felista Thomas, 57, lives inShirimgungani in northern Tanzania.She is the head of her household andowns 1.25 hectares of land. This yearshe is leasing an additional hectare –all because of P4P.
“P4P came out of nowhere. I went toa P4P training which really helped meand I was very excited about joiningthe initiative,” says Felista.
P4P contracted 50 metric tons ofmaize from her local Savings andCredit Cooperative Organization(SACCO). Felista only had a smallharvest, some of which she needed tofeed her family. She was also scepticalabout selling to WFP, as she was usedto being paid cash in hand fromtraders, and knew that it would takelonger to receive her payment fromWFP.
Nonetheless, she decided to sell one100 kg bag of maize for 38,000Tanzanian Shillings (US$25) – a goodprice for her, as smallholders havelimited access to markets and areoften practically forced to sell totraders at prices set by them.
“Being able to sell a very smallquantity was important because itgave me confidence to plant more.Now that I know there is a market, Ican rent land to produce more,” shesays.
Next time round she used agovernment voucher to buy improvedseed and she was sure her harvestwould be better. With the proceeds,Felista plans to buy an iron sheet forher roof, pay school fees for hergrandchildren, and save some money.
She hopes that P4P will keepproviding education and training toher and her fellow farmers and to linkher to a reliable market.“P4P is a good market,” says Felista.
Felista Thomas,
a Tanzanian farmer.
10
11
During the drought in the Eastern Sahel,
nearly six million people in Niger received
WFP food assistance. At the peak of the lean
season, WFP focussed on providing rations
for 670,000 children under the age of two, a
period when good nutrition is vital. Each
child received an enriched blend of corn and
soya, as well as vegetable oil and sugar. In
addition, their families received a monthly
ration of 50 kg of cereals, 5 kg of pulses and a
litre of oil. WFP also launched an emergency
operation to assist some 700,000 people
affected by drought in the western and central
Sahelian regions of Chad. Assistance was also
provided in Cameroon and other countries.
At the same time, WFP used innovative
approaches to cope with the scale of the
emergency. It used advanced financing –
using internal resources to convert pledges
from donors into commodities as fast as
possible, and launched a regional
procurement operation on an unprecedented
scale. Around 87,000 metric tons of food was
procured regionally in nine different
countries, about 70 percent of the food
assistance distributed in Niger.
EmErGENCy PrEPArEDNESS
AND rESPoNSE toolS
Preparedness is an investment against both
man-made and natural disasters. It means
having the information, strategies, skills and
stocks in place to react as effectively and
efficiently as possible to save lives and
livelihoods. In 2010, WFP’s Emergency
Preparedness and Response Branch provided
daily monitoring and expert analysis of a
range of hazards across Africa. These serve to
raise a warning flag that a crisis could be
coming or getting worse.
The mapping team created close to 350
specialized maps of African countries –
to show flooding in Mozambique and
the regional impact of the conflict in
Côte d’Ivoire for example.
During the Sahel emergency and the cyclone
season in Madagascar, Emergency
Preparedness and Response Branch maps
were important planning and operational
tools. Maps also played a strong part in the
preparedness planning which WFP carried
12
Emergency Tools
out in advance of South Sudan’s independence
referendum and preparedness planning
experts helped ensure that stocks were in
place to feed 1 million people for 6 months in
100 potential flashpoints.
In 2010, a major preparedness and response
tool – the new Seasonal and Hazards
Calendar – was created to combine the most
authoritative information on seasonal
hazards such as droughts and cyclones and
pests like locusts. Programme and recovery
planners as well as emergency responders can
now get the information they need for 37 sub-
Saharan and north African countries from the
Calendar at a keystroke. Large African
countries, such as the Democratic Republic of
the Congo and Sudan, showed the way forward
in being divided into climactic regions in the
Calendar for more tailored information.
ANAlytICAl toolS ―
VUlNErAbIlIty ANAlySIS
AND mAPPING
Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping (VAM) is
a key area of WFP expertise. Rapid post-
emergencies assessments as well as in-depth
comprehensive households surveys are
undertaken every year to identify people who
are food insecure, their numbers and
location, and the reasons for their food
insecurity. Food prices, markets and the
evolving food security situation in countries
with recurrent crises are also monitored to
anticipate emerging crises. WFP makes use of
innovative technologies, such as satellite
imagery, Geographic Information Systems
(GIS) or Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) to
collect, analyse and share data. WFP carries
out food security analysis in collaboration
with partners such as governments, the
Famine Early-Warning System Network
(FEWS-NET), United Nations agencies such
as FAO, UNICEF, WHO and UNHCR, and
local and international NGOs.
In 2010, WFP undertook
190 food security analysis assessments,
119 of which were in Africa.
Between 2007 and 2013, with support from
the Gates Foundation, WFP is conducting
comprehensive food security and
vulnerability analyses (CFSVAs) in 16
countries of sub-Saharan Africa. CFSVAs
provide an in-depth picture of the food
security situation in a country, and are valid
for up to five years. In 2010, CFSVAs were
conducted in Kenya, Liberia, Sierra Leone
and Zambia.
In 2010, the VAM unit continued to provide
methodological support to the development
of the Africa RiskView software, which aims
to quantify and monitor weather-related food
security risk. This is part of the Rockfeller
Foundation-supported Climate and Disaster
Risk Solutions project.
In Africa, the VAM Unit has about 90 food
security analysts in WFP country offices,
seven senior analysts at the regional bureaux
in Cairo, Dakar and Johannesburg, and
market analysis specialists.
13
EXPlorING NEW WAyS toUNDErStAND VUlNErAbIlItIES
An innovative online approach formonitoring food security within Cash andVoucher programmes was piloted in 2010in Zambia, based on the mobile deliveryand tracking system (mDt) of foodrations through the use of scratch cardsand mobile phones.
On receipt of their cards, beneficiaries areasked a set of questions on foodconsumption, coping mechanisms andother contextual indicators. The collectedinformation is made available in real timethrough the MDT online database for foodsecurity monitoring and further analysisand is complemented by further directvisits to households. After the pilot inZambia, the system is to be implementedin Mozambique and Zimbabwe during 2011.
WFP delivers hundreds of thousands of tons
of food each year but, increasingly, in Africa
and elsewhere, we’re giving hungry people
cash or vouchers to buy food for themselves.
Particularly when food is available on the
market but too expensive for the poorest to
buy, cash and vouchers can feed the hungry
and boost the local economy.
USING VoUChErS IN SENEGAl
More than 17,000 families living in the slums
of the Senegalese capital, Dakar, are receiving
“cash vouchers” as part of a pilot project
designed both to prevent people from going
hungry and stimulate local markets.
In Yeumbeul North, a poor area on the
outskirts of the city, the global recession has
hit hard, and while there’s food for sale, many
people can’t afford to buy.
“Many of us can no longer afford to eat more
than once a day,” said Lamane Ndiaye. “Even
the most fortunate can only spread out their
main meal between two smaller ones.”
But now Ndiaye’s family receives 18,000 Francs
CFA per month (US$36), which saves him
from having to choose between food and
other daily necessities. “It’s a huge relief for
thousands of us who are suffering in this poor
economy,” he said. “We wait impatiently for
the vouchers all month.”
The vouchers can be “spent” at selected
retailers on rice, millet, maize, sugar and oil.
Mansaly’s grocery was among retailers
selected by the WFP to receive the vouchers.
“It’s a real breath of fresh air in these times of
crisis,” said grocer Souleymane Mansaly.
“The first month it started, my shop went
from just breaking even to making almost
12 million Francs CFA (about US$25,000).
That’s six times more than it was earning
before,” he said. “What’s more, many of my
customers have stopped buying food on
credit,” he said.
Funded by the European Union Food Facility,
WFP’s Cash Voucher pilot project assisted
some 17,400 households over a total of six
months, including 10,000 in Pikine and
7,400 in the southern city of Ziguinchor, at a
total cost of 2.5 billion FCFA (about
US$5 million).
14
Cash & Vouchers:an Innovative Wayto Fight Hunger
Widow rokhaya Sarr receivesvouchers to help feed her sevenchildren in Dakar.
CASh For CErEAlS: mAkING
moNEy Work IN ZImbAbWE
With little to sell, and cash in short supply,
life has become a hand-to-mouth struggle for
many farmers in Mashonaland. That is why
Elizabeth Nyika, from Chirambadare, is so
glad to receive a regular cash grant worth
US$25 for herself and her four sons.
The money, paid by WFP every six weeks,
enables her to buy maize, or sadza, as
Zimbabwe's staple is known. In addition to
the cash, she receives a supply of pulses and
vegetable oil to help tide her over the seasonal
food insecurity which besets the region.
"I prefer getting the cash than a bag of sadza,"
says Nyika, a widow in her 50s who farms a
small plot of communal land in the village of
Chirambadare. "If I buy at a good price, I can
get more sadza and also have something left
over for salt, soap and some paraffin."
Launched in five districts of Mashonaland
East province, WFP's Cash for Cereals
programme is a unique initiative that
combines cash with food rations and reaches
142,000 people.
A pilot run in 2009/2010 found that
beneficiaries given cash only tended to buy
maize to the exclusion of other foodstuffs.
Experience shows that cash and food
combined results in people having more
balanced diets.
It gives people more choice and injects much-
needed cash into the local economy, hit by
years of recurrent drought and the drying up
of remittances from migrant workers.
Elizabeth Nyika gets regularpayments under WFP’s Cash forCereals programme.
ZAmbIAN SCrAtCh CArDS mAkE A SPlASh IN thE rEGIoN
Zambia piloted the use of an automated voucher system, the mobile delivery and
tracking system (MDT), to make payments to 70 local retail agents for the provision of
WFP food rations.
Beneficiaries, once identified and registered, were provided with a monthly scratch card,
similar to a mobile phone top-up card, which could be redeemed at participating agents
in their district. In 2010, approximately a quarter of a million vouchers reaching 53,000
households were “spent” as part of the SPLASH initiative (Sustainable Programme for
Livelihoods and Solutions to Hunger).
SPLASH delivers food vouchers as a social safety net in areas where access to staple
food commodities amongst the vulnerable poor is difficult, with high rates of poverty,
malnutrition and HIV/AIDS.
In 2010, Zimbabwe drew on the experience of WFP in Zambia, and launched a
programme using electronic vouchers to distribute food to vulnerable households. The
pilot in Harare was aimed at people undergoing HIV and TB Treatment. In 2010, some
25,000 vouchers reached 5,000 households monthly and the programme has
subsequently been expanded to Zimbabwe's second largest city, Bulawayo.
15
ENSUrING ACCESS AND
ProtECtIoN
Climate change is a multiplier of existing
threats to food security, hunger and
malnutrition. It will make natural disasters
more frequent and intense, land and water
more scarce and difficult to access, and
increases in productivity even harder to
achieve. WFP recognized the direct
correlation between climate change and
hunger issues in its Strategic Plan.
WFP, WorlD bANk AND thE
GoVErNmENt oF EthIoPIA:
tAkING A “lEAP” to rEDUCE rISk
From ClImAtE-rElAtED
DISAStErS
The wind of change is blowing through the
continent with developments in science and
technology being used to forecast and analyse
the impact of severe weather.
In 2010, Ethiopia’s National Meteorological
Agency installed 22 automated weather
stations as part of a network which feeds
real-time information to a programme called
LEAP – Livelihoods, Early Assessment and
Protection.
LEAP uses the latest satellite technology and
data from weather stations to identify areas
where drought will make people most food
insecure. Data is collected early in an
agricultural season. An early warning from
LEAP will trigger a US$160 million contingent
fund set aside by the World Bank and other
donors to help farmers and the most
vulnerable.
WFP is working with the Government of
Ethiopia and the World Bank to manage risk
with an innovative “safety net” programme.
The “risk financing” mechanism provides a
kind of insurance protection for the poorest
and most vulnerable people affected by a
drought or flood. An early response will
prevent them from having to sell their assets to
buy food, protecting their livelihoods and
safeguarding the gains made under the
government’s Productive Safety Net
Programme (PSNP).
16
Climate Change and Hunger
17
WFP supports national governments to design
and implement sustainable school meals
programmes, aiming to improve not only
nutritional and education outcomes of school
children, but also to buttress broader safety
net systems, and protect and stabilize lives
and livelihoods in fragile settings, especially
for vulnerable young girls.
CAPE VErDE: VErA WENt to SChool
In 1990, seven-year-old Vera Tavares starred
in a WFP documentary about the nutritious
lunches that were keeping her in school.
Today, she’s a college-educated career woman
able to support her mother and put her
brother through university. Vera tells us how
those simple school meals made it all possible.
What do you remember about going to
school? Do you have any recollections
of eating school lunches?
I remember them well. Still today, whenever I
see kids eating their lunches at school, it
reminds me of when I was little and did the
same. I was always hungry when I came to
school, but then I would eat my afternoon
meal and it would give me the strength to
keep on going.
Do you think you would have been able
to continue your studies at university if
you hadn’t been able to eat at school?
I don’t think so. I often used to go to school
hungry. Some days, I went just for the meal.
I’d have a snack before class started and another
when they let us out at 3:30 in the afternoon.
Those meals gave me the energy to concentrate
on my studies instead of my stomach.
A long time has passed since you were
a little girl eating school meals. Apart
from growing up, what else has
changed for you since then?
My life has changed a lot, mainly because I
was able to keep studying and get my degree
in business and economics at university. Now
I work as an accountant at the Ministry of
Education.
Changing Liveswith School Meals
18
Vera (centre) aged seven, with her classmates. Vera in 2009
A NAtIoNAl SUCCESS Story
WFP has successfully implemented school
meals programmes for over 45 years and in
2010, 22.4 million children in 62 countries
benefited from school feeding. These included
11.5 million children in 37 African countries.
Still, an estimated 66 million children
continue to attend school hungry – about
40 percent of them are in Africa – and an
additional 67 million children in this age
group do not attend school at all.
After more than 30 years of collaboration
with WFP, the government of Cape Verde
took full ownership of its national school
meals programme, setting an example for
many other developing countries.
Speaking at WFP headquarters in Rome,
the Cape Verdean Prime Minister, José
Maria Neves, thanked WFP: “School meals
allow us to improve children's nutrition,
which adds to the development of human
capital in Cape Verde. This is a strong
investment in the future, one that we hope
will strengthen social cohesion and
enhance the quality of life for Cape
Verdeans,” he said.
Since 1993, eight African countries are among
the 38 nations to have succeeded in making
the transition to complete national ownership
of their school meal programmes.
WFP Executive Director Josette Sheeran said
Cape Verde was a model for the rest of the
world. “The leadership and commitment by
the Cape Verdean Government to the future
of hungry children is exemplary a success
story we can all be proud of and one we’d like
to replicate around the world,” she said.
WFP-supported childrenin school meals programmesin Africa, 2003 - 2010
takeaway message In 2010, 2.9 million schoolchildren,of whom more than 630,000 werein Africa, benefited from take-homerations, which support theretention of children in school,especially of girls in higher grades.
WFP nourisheschildren throughthe whole lifecycle, investingin the nextgeneration.
Scientists nowknow thatnutrition is vitalin the first twoyears of life –the first 1,000
days including pregnancy. WFP providesgood food and specialised nutrition productsto help children grow and thrive.
School meals and take-home rations providean incentive to families to send children toschool and keep them there. It gives them abetter education, and for adolescent girls, itmay mean they marry later.
1,000 Days plus
19
20
ImPlEmENtING CoUNtry-lED
PrIorItIES
WFP’s current Strategic Plan emphasises
supporting the implementation of country-led
food and nutrition security programmes
through capacity development and
partnerships. The L’Aquila G8 Summit re-
focussed global attention on agriculture and
food security, with increased funding to
support nationally owned agriculture and
food security programmes. WFP is committed
to aligning and expanding its programmes to
put countries at centre stage. To ensure
WFP’s efforts are internally coordinated and
provide coherent and effective support to
governments, the organization has
established a dedicated office — the Office of
Hunger Solutions. Through extensive
dialogue with governments and partners it
has been possible to build partnerships with
regional economic communities such as the
AUC, NEPAD-NPCA, the Intergovernmental
Authority on Development (IGAD) and the
Economic Community Of West African States
(ECOWAS) as well as other UN agencies.
PArtNErING WIth thE AUC,
NEPAD-NPCA AND rECS
WFP has Memoranda of Understanding
(MOUs) with the AUC, NEPAD-NPCA and
several RECs. These MOUs aim to enhance
the collaboration between the agencies in
supporting country level implementation of
the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture
Development Programme. Through the
CAADP (and in particular Pillar III), African
governments have committed to protect and
sustain the livelihoods of vulnerable
populations by creating the opportunity to
contribute to — and benefit from —
agricultural growth. The MOUs strengthen
WFP’s support to the CAADP implementation
process, including the preparation of national
CAADP round tables. A common
characteristic of these MOUs is proactive
collaboration at country level to ensure that
sustainable hunger solutions — including
food safety nets, P4P, cash and food vouchers,
home-grown school feeding, VAM, emergency
preparedness and response — are structured
into national compact documents.
Partnerships
21
DIrECt EXPENDItUrES
WFP devotes a higher proportion of its
resources to Africa than any other United
Nations agency. In 2010, WFP dedicated 59
percent of all its operational expenditure to
sub-Saharan Africa, more than to any other
region or continent.
Expenditure
2008 2009 2010
Programme TOTAL Sub-Saharan Africa TOTAL Sub-Saharan
Africa TOTAL Sub-Saharan Africa
DEVELOPMENT 292 112 165 351 275 906 187 950 287 842 169 819
RELIEF 2 733 744 1 892 447 3 239 887 2 171 822 3 220 081 1 978 477
Emergency 944 581 719 838 1 418 385 927 054 1 660 195 890 118
PRRO 1 789 163 1 172 609 1 821 502 1 244 768 1 559 885 1 088 359
SPECIAL OPERATIONS 200 252 141 532 176 364 130 703 221 510 131 967
BILATERALS, TRUST FUNDS & OTHERS2 309 639 14 916 293 457 28 958 270 898 60 540
GRAND TOTAL 3 535 746 2 214 246 3 985 613 2 519 433 4 000 330 2 340 804
Percentage of all regions 63 63 59
1 Excludes programme support and administrative costs.
2 Operational Expenses includes General Fund, Special Accounts and Trust Funds that cannot be apportioned by project/operation.
WFP direct expenses1, 2008 - 2010(in thousand US$)
22
2010 direct expenditure in Africa by WFP strategic objectives
23
GlobAl FooD AID
In 2010, global food aid deliveries amounted
to 5.7 million metric tons out of which cereals
represented 94 percent and non-cereals
6 percent. Sixty-one pecent of global
deliveries accounting for 3.5 million metric
tons, were directed to sub-Saharan Africa.
Cereals constituted 97 percent of the
deliveries to the region; non-cereals, that
decreased by 78 percent compared to 2009,
were mainly composed of pulses and oils.
WFP channelled 60 percent of food aid
deliveries to sub-Saharan Africa.
Contributions to WFP, 2008 - 2010(in thousand US$)
Source: WFP/INTERFAIS, May 2011
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Global Food Aid Deliveries Deliveries to sub-Saharan Africa
mill
ion
mt
Global food aid deliveriesto sub-Saharan Africa, 2002 - 2010
Global food aid deliveries, 2002 - 2010
continues on pages 24 and 25
24
Contributions to WFP, 2008 - 2010(in thousand US$)
25
* Private contributions do not include extraordinary gifts in kind such as advertising.
Contributions to WFP, 2008 - 2010(in thousand US$)
26
WFP total beneficiaries in Africa, 2009 - 2010
27
2009 2010
Country IDPs Refugees Returnees IDPs Refugees Returnees
Algeria 124 960
Angola
Benin 0 2 256 0
Burkina Faso 0 0 0
Burundi 19 661 31 620 0 20 349 20 327
Cameroon 77 712 0 93 410 0
Cape Verde 0 0 0
Central African Republic 109 317 6 879 85 646 25 118 0
Chad 183 688 317 181 156 110 373 146 41 646
Côte d’Ivoire 7 885 0 0 0
Dem. Republic of the Congo 2 441 106 22 664 523 266 0 539 765
Djibouti 10 292 0 13 745 0
Eritrea
Ethiopia 114 539 0 142 446 0
Gambia 4 009 0 5 759 0
Ghana 8 036 0 0 0
Guinea 3 068 0 3 258 0
Guinea-Bissau 0 0 0
Kenya 89 084 335 974 59 392 0 382 724 0
Lesotho 0 0 0
Liberia 1 294 0 0 0
Madagascar 0 0 0
Malawi 14 531 0 11 600 0
Mali 0 0 0
Mauritania 14 094 0 0 18 863
Mozambique 0 0 0
Namibia 6 416 0 6 228 0
Niger 19 829 0 0 0
Republic of Congo 0 114 594 0
Rwanda 53 719 16 988 7 920 53 004 10 006
São Tomé and Principe 0 0 0
Senegal 22 830 237 0 0 768
Sierra Leone 0 0 0
Somalia 731 274 304 402 0 0
South Africa
Sudan 3 910 624 268 806 203 144 0 0 0
Swaziland 0 0 0
Tanzania 126 238 0 101 207 0
Togo 0 5 280 0
Uganda 1 120 747 130 506 100 503 93 332 0
Zambia 29 553 0 14 721 0
Zimbabwe 85 205 15 150 25 987 0 49 107
Grand Total 8 721 589 1 653 374 363 289 1 203 834 1 462 177 680 482
WFP beneficiaries in Africa, 2009 - 2010: refugees, IDPs and returnees
28
WFP contributions to Africa programmes, 2008 - 2010(in thousand US$)
Acronyms
Photo Credits
COVER: WFP/Charles Hatch Barnwell; INSIDE COVER: WFP/Stephen Wandera; Page 2, WFP/Waswa Moses; Page 3, WFP/Matthias Steinbach;
Page 4, WFP/Maria Katajisto; Pages 9, WFP/Stephen Wandera; Page 10, WFP/Kyla Neilan; Page 11, WFP/Mohamed Siddig;
Page 12, WFP/Shannon Howard; Page 14, WFP/Mbacke Diop; Page 15, WFP/David Orr; Page 16, WFP/Shannon Howard;
Page 17, WFP/Niels Balzer; Page 18, WFP/Mercedes Sayagues, WFP/Photolibrary; Page 18, Page 19, WFP/Giulio d’Adamo; Page 20,
WFP/Kingsley Zinanu; Page 21, WFP/Rein Skullerud.
ART anti-retroviral therapy
AUC African Union Commission
CAADP Comprehensive Africa AgricultureDevelopment Programme
CFSVA Comprehensive Food Security andVulnerability Analysis
DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo
ECA United Nations EconomicCommission for Africa
ECOWAS Economic Community Of WestAfrican States
FAO United Nations Food andAgriculture Organization
FEWS-NET Famine Early-Warning SystemNetwork
FFA food for assets
FFT food for training
FFW food for work
GFD general food distribution
GIS Geographical Information Systems
HBC home-based care
HIV/AIDS human immunodeficiencyvirus/acquired immune deficiencysyndrome
IFAD International Fund for AgriculturalDevelopment
IDP internally displaced person
IGAD Intergovernmental Authority onDevelopment
MCHN Mother-and-child health andnutrition
MDT mobile delivery and trackingsystem
MDG Millennium Development Goal
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’sDevelopment
NPCA NEPAD Planning and CoordinationAgency
NGO non-governmental organization
OVC orphans and vulnerable children
P4P Purchase for Progress
PMTCP prevention of mother-to-childtransmission
PRRO protracted relief and recoveryoperation
REC Regional Economic Community
TB tuberculosis
UNHAS United Nations Humanitarian AirService
UNHCR Office of the United Nations HighCommissioner for Refugees
UNHRD United Nations HumanitarianResponse Depot
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
VAM vulnerability, analysis and mapping
WHO World Health Organization
WFP liaison office to the AU & ECAAddis Ababa, Ethiopia
Steven Were omamoDirector
Telephone: +251 115 15 5151Email: [email protected]
menghestab haileDeputy Director
Telephone: +251 115 51 5188 ext 2255Email: [email protected]
Cover Photo:A smallholder farmerreceives her payment fromthe treasury of theChikwatula Farmers’organization, malawi. Shesold her latest harvest ofmaize to the organization,which in turn sold to the P4P programme.
Prin
ted: Ju
ne 2
011