What factors caused the growth of industry in

general?

• Access to raw materials and energy

• Availability of work force (immigrants)

• Inventions

• Financial resources

How did industrialization and the rise in big business influence life on

American farms?

• Mechanization (e.g., the reaper) had reduced farm labor needs and increased production.

• Industrialization provided access to consumer goods (e.g., mail order)

• From farming to industrial America

 What industries boomed

due to the railroad? 

coallumber steel

 

What were the outcomes of industrial and railroad

growth?

Travel quicker and saferShip goods across nation

Jobs for immigrantsIndustries grew

 Where were the car, meat

and steel industries? 

Cars-Detroit, MichiganMeat-Chicago, Illinois

Steel-Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

 What did George

Westinghouse invent?  George

Westinghouse invented the airbrake

 What did Eli Janney

invent?

Eli Janney invented the car coupler

 What did Gustuvus

Swift invent? 

Gustuvus Swift invented the refrigerated train car

 What did Pullman

invent? 

Pullman invented the sleeping car for trains

 Why was the air

brake an important invention?

 Air brake-made

stopping the train safer

 Why was the car

coupler an important invention?

 Car coupler-made

connecting the train cars safer

 Why was the

refrigerated train car an important invention?

 Refrigerated train car-

made it safe to transport fresh meat

 Why was the sleeping

car an important invention?

 Sleeping car-made it a more comfortable

railroad trip

 What did

Samuel Morse invent?

 Samuel Morse-

telegraph

 What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?

 Bell-telephone

 What did Thomas

Edison invent?  

Thomas Edison-light bulb, phonograph

 What did Henry Ford

invent?  Henry Ford-

Model T Ford

 What does

consolidation mean? Consolidation-making lots

of small companies into one big powerful company

 Who was a railroad baron and what does

that mean? 

Cornelius Vanderbilt controlled the railroads

 

What is a time zone and why were they created?

Time zones divide the country into their own times-they were

created by the railroad companies so that train schedules would

match across the country

 Why was the Model

T so important? 

Henry Ford made it possible for most people

to buy a car.

 Who was Andrew

Carnegie?Andrew Carnegie-made his

money in steel-company called Carnegie Steel Company-

vertical integration-used the Bessemer process

 Who was John D.

Rockefeller?

John D. Rockefeller-made his money in oil, company called Standard Oil, used horizontal

integration

   

What is a philanthropist and who is a famous one

during this time? 

Philanthropist-person who give lots of money to charity

Andrew Carnegie!!!-libraries

 What was the

Bessemer process? 

Bessemer process-easy and cheap way to

make steel

  

What was vertical integration?

Vertical integration-buying and controlling all the

businesses it takes to make and sell one product (for

coal-buying mines, warehouses, ships, railroads)

 What was horizontal

integration?

Horizontal integration-combining all the companies

making a product into one big company

 What was a monopoly?

 Monopoly-total control over an

industry

 What was an assembly line?

Assembly line-when each worker performed the same job over and over again—all the parts created a product quickly and cheaply

 What is mass production?

Mass production-making large numbers

of products very quickly-made products for very cheap for the

consumer

 What were the working

conditions on the assembly line and in the factories?

 

Dark, boring, loud, stressful, too cold or too hot,

dangerous, and you could lose your job easily

 Why were labor unions formed?

labor unions fought for worker rights

 What were strikes?

 Strikes-when people stop

working and picket in front of the business

   

Why didn’t strikes work very well?

Other people would take their jobs,

could turn violent

 What was collective

bargaining?

Collective bargaining-when both sides come to an

agreement so they feel like they are getting something in

the deal

 What was the American Federation of Labor?

 AFL-lead by

Samuel Gompers-only accepted skilled workers

 What did the labor unions fight for?

shorter hours, better working conditions, higher wages (more

money)

 What was the

Homestead Strike? 

Homestead Strike-at Carnegie’s steel mill, failed when company hired non-

union workers

 What was the

Pullman Strike?

Pullman Strike-at Pullman’s railway plant,

failed

 Who were the

workers in these factories?

 immigrants and children