what is green it? - nottingham derby bcs · 2012-01-25 · 9 years bt, apprentice, t2a, t1, st (s)...
TRANSCRIPT
What is Green IT? The Full Deck
Autumn/Winter 2011
John Booth 2
John Booth - Background
30 Years in Information Technology 9 Years BT, Apprentice, T2A, T1, ST (S) City of London District (Lloyds of London, Barclays Bank) J.O. Grant & Taylor - Structured Cabling Bid/Project Manager Electrical Installations –Structured Cabling Bid/Project Manager (Corus/British Steel) Self Employed Shajiao “C” Power Station PRC Communications Equipment DHSS JSA Project Lead Engineer Woolwich BS – CSS Release 2 Project Computacenter – Systems Engineer FCO Mumbai, Phnom Penh, Minsk HSBC/LTSB/Mecca PWC Zurich, Johannesburg, Luxembourg & Madrid Koln, Amsterdam, & Utrecht Consultant @ British Energy (Nuclear) Carbon3IT Ltd – MD & Consultant
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The Path from Eden.
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The Path from Eden.
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The Path from Eden.
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The Path from Eden.
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John Booth - Background
Independent Sustainable IT Consultant – Carbon3IT Ltd 30 Years in Information Technology BSc (Honours) Tech (Open) Foundation Certificate in Green IT (BCS/ISEB) EU Code of Conduct for Data Centres (BCS/ISEB) BCS Coventry Branch Committee (CWLEP Liaison) BCS Green IT SG Committee BCS Data Centres SG Committee UKITA CSW Branch Committee EcoConnect Green IT Group Committee EU Code of Conduct for Data Centres “Best Practices” Committee Carbon3IT Ltd “endorses the EU Code of Conduct for Data Centres BCS/DCD CEEDA Lead Assessor
Introduction
01
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Introduction – What is Green IT?
Agenda
Introduction
• The Science.
• The Challenge
• What is Green IT?
– The 4 Themes
- IT Manufacturing
- Information Technology In Use
- IT Disposal
- Governance & Process
– What the BCS is doing.
Conclusion
Q & A’s
The Science
02
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The Problem
Anthropromorphic Global Warming. (AGW)
Global warming caused by Humans!
Lots of debate on both sides.
Interpreted Data under attack.
The probable results will be the melting of the ice
sheets in Greenland & Antarctica with associated sea
level rise.
Current Weather patterns could change.
Humanity must reduce levels of Greenhouse Gases
released into the atmosphere soon to prevent or
lessen effects.
“My Lords, the most reliable measurements
we have of CO2 in the atmosphere are
those of the Mauna Loa observatory in
Hawaii. As of February 2011, those showed
levels of CO2 to be still rising. It is up to
391.76 parts per million, compared with
389.85 parts per million last year. Not only
are those rising, they are increasing at an
accelerating rate from decade to decade.
Because, as collective humanity, we are
doing so little to change the situation, it is
now unlikely that we will be able to confine
global warming to an average to two
degrees Celsius-as noble Lords will
remember, the limit that most scientists
regard as reducing risk to reasonably
manageable dimensions.”
Lord Giddens
Director, L.S.E House of Lords 24/3/11
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The Greenhouse Gases
The Gases DGWP* for 100 year horizon
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 1
Methane (CH4) 25
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 298
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC’s) 100-14,800 depending on gas
Perfluorocarbons (PFC’s) 7390-12,200 depending on gas
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) 22,800
Ref: P27, “Climate Change, From science to sustainability”. Peake & Smith 2003
Oxford University Press/Open University
*Direct Global Warming Potential
The “Hockey Stick” Graph
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Latest Aggregated Data Sets
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Climate Change Quotes
• “On the island where I live, it is possible to throw a
stone from one side to the other. Our fears about
sea-level rise are very real. Our Cabinet has been
exploring the possibility of buying land in a nearby
country in case we become refugees of climate
change”. Teleke Lauti, Minister for the Environment,
Tuvalu.
• “Climate change is the most severe problem we are
facing today, more serious even than the threat of
terrorism” David King, UK Government Chief
Scientific Advisor, Jan 2004.
• “How could I look my grandchildren in the eye and
say I knew about this and did nothing? David
Attenborough, 2006.
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Sea Level Rise - Europe
Sea Level Rise
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Weather Report
• “2011 is UK's second warmest year on record - Met Office”
• “All bar one of the top 10 warmest years on record have occurred
since 1997 and all the UK's top seven warmest years happened in the
past decade”
• “Dr Chris Huntingford, of the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, said
the temperature increase was "in agreement with simulations by many
independent climate centres around the world".
• "As each year passes and we hear that a warming record has been
broken, or nearly broken again, it provides further evidence that
unfortunately we are not just seeing a natural cycle of global warming,
and that instead humans are having an effect on the climate," said Dr
Huntingford, who works with climate models to understand the
implications of increased levels of greenhouse gases.
• He said that despite the global economic crisis, emissions remained
high and there was a feeling that economic growth was "totally aligned
to the need for burning fossil fuels".
• "There is a huge challenge ahead to reduce carbon dioxide emissions
to stay below 2C of global warming, and without damaging the
economy," he said.
• "At present, there is an almost one-to-one correlation between global
GDP and magnitude of carbon dioxide emissions, so new energy
technologies are desperately needed that break that link.“
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16366078 - Accessed 4th January 2012
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Sea Level Rise - UK
The Netherlands & UK
The 1st Elephant (Mammoth)
• A massive reduction in grasslands and the spread of forests may have been the primary
cause of the decline of mammals such as the woolly mammoth, woolly rhino and cave
lion, according to Durham University scientists.
• The findings of the new study challenge the theory that human beings were the primary
cause of the extinction of mammals through hunting, competition for land and increased
pressure on habitats.
• The research is part of the most comprehensive study to date of Northern Hemisphere
climate and vegetation during and after the height of the last Ice Age, 21,000 years ago. It
shows that, over a huge part of the Earth’s surface, there was a massive decline in the
productivity and extent of grasslands due to climatic warming and the spread of forests.
• Last Glacial Vegetation of Northern Eurasia. Allen, Judy R.M. et al., Quaternary Science
Reviews doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.05.031.
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The 1st Elephant (Mammoth)
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The Challenge
03
What is the challenge?
• The UK Carbon Reduction Targets.
• The Energy Gap.
• Maintaining BAU
• GHG Protocol Scopes
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Current UK Reduction Target & Policy Tools
• Net UK Carbon Account 80% of 1990 baseline by 2050
• 1990 baseline 3900 MtCO2e
• Latest Carbon Budget – 2023-2027 set at 1750 MtCO2e (50% Reduction) (8/6/11)
Target = 780MtCO2e
The Tools
• Carbon Reduction Commitment (Energy Efficiency Scheme)
• Large Combustion Plant Directive (LCPD)
• NI 185/186 (LA’s CRC)
• FIT’s (Feed In Tariffs) for renewables
• Growth of Wind (NIMBYism)
• New Nukes (Long Lead Times)
• Infrastructure Smart Grid (for renewables)
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The 2nd Elephant (in the room)
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The Energy Gap
• What is the Energy Gap?
– 8 UK Nuclear PS’s Decommissioned by 2023 (16% of Capacity!)
– Large Combustion Plant Directive either close by 2015 or after 20,000hours (2.2yrs)
– Coal/Oil PS Closing under LCPD = 16% of Capacity
– Total Potential Loss of Generation Capacity = 32% 1/3 of Total
– UK Energy Planning, Too Little, Too Late ?
– Black-Outs/Rationing from 2015?
Energy Costs Rise !
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Large Combustion Plant Directive
• Large Combustion Plant Directive
• The introduction of the Large Combustion Plants Directive (LCPD) has required large
electricity generators to meet more stringent air quality standards since 1 January 2008.
Plant that has “opted out” of this obligation will have to close by the end of 2015 or after
20,000 hours of operation from 1 January 2008, whichever is the sooner. This affects
some 12 GW of coal and oil-fired generating plant which will therefore now close by 1st
January 2016. However, the exact timing of these closures is a commercial matter for
plant owners, taking into account factors such as other environmental restrictions and the
state of repair of the plants.
Energy Costs Rise !
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Maintaining BAU
Pace of Change
Vicious Circle of IT
Software – Hardware – Software – Hardware etc
Threat of the Cloud
Device independence (User Owned?)
Loss of Control
Who pays for your IT energy?
Facilities?
You?
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GHG Protocol Scopes
• The GHG Protocol defines direct and indirect emissions as follows:
• Direct GHG emissions are emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the
reporting entity.
• Indirect GHG emissions are emissions that are a consequence of the activities of the
reporting entity, but occur at sources owned or controlled by another entity.
• The GHG Protocol further categorizes these direct and indirect emissions into three
broad scopes:
• Scope 1: All direct GHG emissions.
• Scope 2: Indirect GHG emissions from consumption of purchased electricity, heat or
steam.
• Scope 3: Other indirect emissions, such as the extraction and production of purchased
materials and fuels, transport-related activities in vehicles not owned or controlled by the
reporting entity, electricity-related activities (e.g. T&D losses) not covered in Scope 2,
outsourced activities, waste disposal, etc.
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GHG Protocol Scopes
• Scope 3: Other indirect emissions, such as the extraction and production of purchased
materials and fuels, transport-related activities in vehicles not owned or controlled by the
reporting entity, electricity-related activities (e.g. T&D losses) not covered in Scope 2,
outsourced activities, waste disposal, etc.
• Your scope 1 is going to be your customers (direct or indirect) scope 3
• If you trade with a large entity that uses GHG Protocol for Carbon reporting you will be
asked to provide information.
• GHG Protocol ICT Sector Guidance can help you to calculate your ICT emissions.
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Be Prepared!
For MD/CEO/CIO/Finance/ Facilities scrutiny
For radical change
To calculate Energy Costs for IT
To evaluate your CMDB (Asset Register)
To review or implement (Green) IT Governance
Review Disaster Recovery & Data Management Policy
Develop Internal Cloud
Think Lean, Think Lean IT
Budget Constraints
Nothing will be off the table when it comes to IT.
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Now a short break...
What is Green IT?
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Definitions
• By Information and Communications Technology (ICT) we mean, the Equipment,
systems, services, technologies and methods (voice, data, visual, digital) used for
communicating, processing, managing, using, storing and destroying information.
• By Green ICT we mean, the tools, techniques and approaches that reduce the material
impact of ICT on the environment across its lifecycle, ranging from the resources and
materials used in the manufacture/development of ICT, the conditions under which ICT is
manufactured or developed, the delivery of ICT to customers and users, the energy
consumed in using ICT, and, the disposal of ICT at the end of its life
• Ref: HMG GDU (Green Delivery Unit)
• However, ICT not only has the capacity to reduce its own energy use and carbon
emissions but also across the entire supply chain in virtually all other commercial, public
and educational activities.
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Introduction – What is Green IT?
Virtualisation
Thin Clients
PC Energy Monitoring
Low Energy PC’s
Printing
Carbon Counting
Cloud Services
SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
Data Centre Infrastructure Management
IT Governance
Answer: All of the above!
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What is Green IT?
– The Four Themes
- Manufacturing
- IT in use
- IT Disposal
- Governance & Process
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Green IT Governance & Process
Definition: IT Governance is a subset discipline of Corporate Governance focused on
information technology (IT) systems and their performance and risk management
Green IT Governance is the embedding of Green principles throughout the IT
Governance framework. (Green IT Policy)
Should align with AND support C.S.R
Example
http://www.opengreenitpolicy.org/
http://www.fivee.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Green-IT-Policy-0910.pdf
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Green IT Governance & Process
http://www.opengreenitpolicy.org/
7 Elements:
Framework
Office Environment
Data Centre & Infrastructure
Procurement & Lifecycle
Processes & Governance
Metrics & Reporting
IT as Enabler
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Manufacturing ICT is interesting.
For PC’s
240kgs on fossil fuels
21lbs of chemicals
1500 Litres of Water
1000 Different materials
FOR ONE PC.
In 2009, 367.8 million PC’s were manufactured.
And that in 2008, the number of PC’s on the planet exceeded...
1 billion units.
Totals
- Fossil Fuel 240 Billion Kgs
- Chemicals 22 Billion Kgs
- Water 1500 Billion Litres
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Manufacturing ICT is interesting.
For Servers (x3)
27,282,000 in use 2009
- Fossil Fuels 625.5 x 27,282,000 = 17,064,891,000 Kgs
- Chemicals 64.53 x 27,282,000 = 1,760,507,460 Kgs
- Water 3,150 x 27,282,000 = 85,938,300,000 Kgs/Litres
Total Fossil Fuels used in Computing to date = 241,323,304,572.50Kgs or
24.1 Billion Tonnes (estimated)
Total amount of fossil fuels to produce the 1Billion Desktops and 27 Million Servers to
date would run Drax for...
2400 Years.
NB Drax provides 7% of UK Generation Capacity
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Manufacturing ICT is...
Energy Intensive
Resource Hungry (rare earths, and conflict materials)
Hard to dispose of.
All in all, seriously bad for the environment.
Mining
Resources & fossil fuels
Toxic
Disposal in 3rd World, e Waste Mountains
Energy Consumption
N Carolina Data Centre Belt (Coal Fired) Yahoo, Facebook, Google
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Manufacturing ICT is...
Not directly our responsibility...
Yes, it is.
Procurement & Standards will make manufacturers THINK!
And is already doing so...
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Manufacturing/In Use/Carbon Footprinting of ICT is...
Being looked at by:
GHG Protocol, GeSI, WRI & Carbon Trust and Vendors/SI’s
A new GHG Protocol ICT Sector is under development and it covers:
Infrastructure Building Blocks
Hardware/Equipment, Data Centres & Software
Service Applications
Networks, Managed Desktop Services, Cloud &...
Enablement Applications
Transport Substitution, Transport Logistics, eCommerce & Energy Management
Effectively an End to End ICT Lifecycle Analysis, including use.
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Manufacturing - Epeat
Based on IEEE 1680.1 standards (in revision)
Bronze – Meets Standard
Silver – Meets Standard + at least 50% of optional criteria
Gold – Meets Standard + at least 75% of optional criteria
Standard Includes:
- Reduction/elimination of environmentally sensitive materials
- Material selection
- Design for end of life
- Product longevity/life extension
- Energy conservation
- End-of-life management
- Corporate performance
- Packaging
Further information can be found at www.epeat.net
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Manufacturing – Energy Star - Desktops
Computers - An ENERGY STAR qualified computer delivers substantial savings over a
conventional computer. Desktop, integrated desktop, and notebook (laptop)
computers, workstations, small-scale servers, and thin clients are all eligible to earn
the ENERGY STAR, and those that do are now more efficient than ever.
Ref:http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=computers.pr_crit_computers
http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/product_specs/program_reqs/Computers_Progra
m_Requirements.pdf
This is Version 5.2, Version 6 is in development
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Manufacturing – Energy Star - Monitors
Displays - ENERGY STAR qualified displays include computer monitors, digital picture
frames and professional signage which meet stringent energy efficiency requirements
in On, Sleep, and Off Modes.
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.ShowProductGroup&p
gw_code=MO
http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/product_specs/program_reqs/Displays_Program
_Requirements.pdf
This is Version 5.1, Version 6 is in development
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Manufacturing – Energy Star - Servers
Servers - Computer servers that earn the ENERGY STAR will, on average, be 30
percent more energy efficient than standard servers. If all servers sold in the United
States meet this new specification, energy cost savings would approach $800 million
per year and prevent greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to those from over one
million vehicles.
Ref: http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=ent_servers.enterprise_servers
http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/product_specs/program_reqs/Computer_Servers
_Program_Requirements.pdf
This is Version 1.2, Version 2 is in Development
UPS and Storage specifications are also in Development
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Manufacturing – Energy Star - Printers
Printers - ENERGY STAR qualified imaging equipment includes copiers and fax
machines; digital duplicators; printers, scanners and all-in-one devices; and, mailing
machines. Models that meet the most recent ENERGY STAR requirements are 40%
more energy efficient, and feature efficient designs that help equipment run cooler
and last longer.
Ref:
http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/product_specs/program_reqs/Imaging_Equipm
ent_Program_Requirements.pdf
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product.ShowProductGroup&p
gw_code=IEQ
This is Version 1.2
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In use – Office Environment
First, create IT Energy baseline, 37 PC Power management products available
Review yearly (minimum) recommend quarterly.
Good products will allow variable policies to be applied.
When circumstances permit, procure EPEAT Gold /Energy Star products.
Consider Thin Clients and Low Energy Computers.
Do not over specify user equipment!
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In use – Data Centres - Europe
Data Centre Energy Use in the 27 EU States is equal to the entire consumption of
Portugal!
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In use – Data Centre(s)
First, create IT Energy baseline, 37 PC Power management products available
Review yearly (minimum) recommend quarterly.
Good products will allow variable policies to be applied.
Beware, not all products are suitable for Servers.
Data Centre Infrastructure Management (DCIM)
Dashboards, Utilisation, Energy Consumption, Cooling, Resilience
When circumstances permit, procure EPEAT Gold /Energy Star products.
Consider Virtualisation & Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI).
Do not over specify Server equipment!
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In use – Data Centre(s)
Think about it?
Consider your peers and the industry.
Design
5 x 9’s ?
24/7/365 Availability?
DR?
Data Management/Policy?
Refer to
Green Grid Maturity Model
EU Code of Conduct for Data Centres (Energy Efficiency) (BCS)
Certified Energy Efficient Datacentre Award (CEEDA)
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In use – Data Centre(s)
Weblinks:
Green Grid Maturity Model
http://www.thegreengrid.org/en/Global/Content/white-papers/DataCenterMaturityModel
EU Code of Conduct for Data Centres (Energy Efficiency) (BCS)
http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/energyefficiency/html/standby_initiative_data_centers.htm
Certified Energy Efficient Datacentre Award (CEEDA)
http://www.ceeda-award.org/
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Data Centre Energy Efficiency (Tips)
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Data Centre Energy Efficiency (Tips)
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Data Centre Energy Efficiency (Tips)
Cooling
Chillers/Humidity Control/CRAC’s – Account for 45% of Power Use (33%/3%/9%)
Hot Aisle/Cold Aisle
Air Flow Management (CFD)
Blanking Plates (Install to all open spaces)
Plenum Access Tiles (In the right place?)
Temperature?
Humidity?
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Hot Aisle/Cool Aisle
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Data Centre Energy Efficiency (Tips)
IT Equipment (30% of Power use)
Servers (Power Capping/Energy Management Features)
Networking (Port Management)
Storage (Hot/Warm/Cold/Frozen)
OZZO (Green IT Consortium Amsterdam)
Virtualisation
PDU’s/UPS (23% of Power use)
Upgrade to newer UPS’s when prudent to do so (retrofit)
Most energy efficient (in new builds)
Managed PDU’s
DCIM is a must in New Builds, consider retrofit!
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Data Centre Energy Efficiency Tips
Consider the Future:
Cloud Definition
“Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product,
whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and
other devices as a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network (typically the Internet).”
Ref: Wikipedia, Accessed 23rd August 2011
Cloud Services (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS)
Software as a Service – Google Docs/Hotmail/Salesforce etc
Platform as a Service - Hosted Email/CRM/ERP/SAP etc
Infrastructure as a Service – Outsourcing/Managed Services
Device Independence
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One Problem with the Cloud
Cloud Definition
“Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product,
whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and
other devices as a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network (typically the Internet).”
Ref: Wikipedia, Accessed 23rd August 2011
Someone, somewhere has to design, procure, maintain and dispose of IT equipment.
In order to meet conventional computer thinking:
Provide services that are 24/7/365
99.999% Uptime
Which means:
Resilient Power/Network/Storage/Cooling at 2 x, perhaps 4 times actual needs.
IT is NOT and can NEVER be a UTILITY, its NOT regulated (Ofgem/Ofwat) and assets
are not fixed like electricity/water/gas and transport and are not long term fixed cost.
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Data Centre Energy Efficiency (Tips)
The Cloud.
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Data Centre Energy Efficiency (Tips)
The Cloud.
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Data Centre Energy Efficiency (Tips)
The Cloud.
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Data Centre Energy Efficiency (Tips)
The Cloud.
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Data Centre Energy Efficiency (Tips)
Is the Cloud Green?
Maybe!
Its open season for Cloud SP’s to promote Green claims!
And on the face of it, it may be true, but.....
No independent verification of Pre & Post Cloud energy consumption.
Lots of assumptions are being made.
More analysis needs to be done
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Disposal (Not much!)
Sweat Assets
Go beyond warranty 3-7 years
Consider low priority uses (monitoring/internet access etc)
Convert Fat to Thin (go on a diet!)
If you must dispose of kit then..
Donate to charity (be careful, use approved schemes)
Use Recyclers (Again use approved schemes)
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Conclusion – What is Green IT?
Green IT Governance
Change in Manufacturing?
New Procurement Standards/Better R&D/Recycling
Manufacturing
Green IT by default?
In use – User Devices
Right Kit for the Job?/Thin Clients/Low Energy PC’s/PC Power Management
In use – Data Centres
Energy Efficiency Measures/DCIM/EU CoC/CEEDA/GGMM
Disposal
Reuse/Recycle
Green IT = Reduction in Costs (Energy/Staff/Environment)
What the BCS is doing!
05
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What the BCS is doing: Green IT SG
Green IT SG – 1700 Members Worldwide
Committee has representatives from Govt, Academia & Private Sector
Communications Plan (Under development)
Development of Green IT Metrics
Green IT Qualifications with DCSG
Foundation (2009), EU Code of Conduct (2010),
New Courses & Exams - Energy & Cost Management (DC’s) (2011)
Practitioner (In Development)
Green IT/Data Centre/Branch programme (West Midlands)
Recycling Competition (Pilot 2011) (Under Review)
0 Entries in Technology Section
4 Entries in Art & Design Section
- Open to FE Establishments only
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What the BCS is doing: DCSG
1379 DCSG Members 1103 – UK, 276 ROW
Close ties with Green IT SG (2 Committee Members on both SG’s)
Regular events schedule –
Last : Visit to SCC DC Birmingham (27/09/11) & DCIM Overview (BCS HQ 2/11/11)
Next: Major Events Architecture & Sustainability – BT Olympics (7/3/12)
Instrumental in EU Code of Conduct for Data Centres 148 Participants (500MW)
Links with DCD/Green Grid/Data Centre Pulse/Green IT Consortium (Amsterdam)
MOU with GIPC (Japan)
MOU with South Korea
MOU with South American DC Group
2 Committee Members on EU CoC Best Practices Panel
(Liam Newcombe/John Booth) + BCS SG Members
Developed Certificated Energy Efficiency Datacentre Award (CEEDA)
Zahl Limbuwala (Chair) Global Speaker on DC Energy Efficiency.
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What the BCS is doing: HQ
Excellent Support from Chris Wallace (BCS Green)
HQ Assistance in Greenpeace/Green IT support for IT Metrics Transparency PR (June ‘11)
Promotes Green IT Qualifications
Attends & Sponsors Green IT Events (External, Green IT Awards)
Prominent Position on BCS website:
http://www.bcs.org/category/12876
Supports EU Code of Conduct & CEEDA programme
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The Elephant! & Q&A’s Session
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Q&A’s point to consider!
Some Q’s already raised:
“Why all the fuss?” (Parts 1 & 2)
“What is the Energy Gap?” (Clue: The Elephants!)
“Isn’t all IT Green?”
“Does it Cost?
“Is the Cloud evitable?”
“What does the future hold for IT support?”
“Where are the elephants?”
“What are the BCS doing?”
“Where can I get some guidance on Green IT?”
Plus whatever you come up with!
The End
• Thank you
• John Booth
• Carbon3IT Ltd
• www.carbon3it.com
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