Attention!!!1. Come in to class and get a mini-dell2. Power up the mini-dell and log on3. Complete the bell ringer below4. Get out your notes.

What led to the Tragedy at Wounded

Knee?( look in notes)

Native Americans

And the effect of Western Settlers

Nomads- roamed vast distances, following their main

source of food- buffalo. Family Structure: Extended family, close to nature Women- domestic tasks: raising children, cooking and

preparing hides. Men- hunting, trading and supervising military Tribal Structure: Divided into bands of 500 people- A governing council headed each band Religion- based on spiritual power of the natural world

Plain Indians

Who are the Native Americans new neighbors?

miners ranchers farmers

Deprived Native Americans of hunting grounds Broke Treaties Forced them to relocate to new territories

Native Americans resisted by riots and conflicts

New Neighbors

Riots, battles and treaties

Annuities- payments to reservation dwellers

made by the government

were given 5 to 30 cents an acre, but most ended up in the hands of American traders.

Little Crow- led starving Dakotas to an uprising. 38 Dakotas were executed.

Those that fled the reservation settled in the Dakotas

Dakota Sioux

Were led by Red Cloud, Crazy Horse

and Sitting Bull Crazy Horse- religious and war leader led troops

into a deadly trap. Captain Fetterman and 80 soldiers were led into an

ambush and the whole detachment was destroyed.

Army suffered a loss

Lakota Sioux

Cheyenne and Arapaho Indian tribes had tensions with the

miners and migrants Bands of Native Americans began raiding wagon trains and

stealing cattle and horses from ranches.

John Evans ordered the Native Americans to surrender at Fort Lyon and they would be given food and protection.

Chief Black Kettle- brought Cheyenne to the fort to negotiate, and was told to make camp at Sand Creek.

Col. Chivington and the Colorado Volunteers attacked the Cheyenne at Sand Creek. 600 Died.

Fetterman’s Massacre

Created 2 large reservations : One for Sioux and

one for other southern Plains Indians.

Agents from Bureau of Indian Affairs ran the reservation. Army was responsible to deal with those the refused to report or remain

The plan failed

The Dakota Sioux faced poverty, despair and corrupt practices on the reservations

Indian Peace Commission

Native Americans leaving reservations because they

preferred to hunt buffalo

Buffalo rapidly disappearing. Migrants crossing the plains had killed thousands. Professional buffalo hunters killed for hides to sell. Other hunters were doing it for sport.

Army encouraged killing of buffalo to try to force Native Americans onto reservations.

Led to: Battle of Little Big Horn Tragedy at Wounded Knee

Last Native American Wars

Lakota Sioux in South Dakota ( Black Hills) were being overran

by miners. The Sioux felt that since Americans were violating the treaty,

they left the reservation to hunt in the Bighorn Mountains.

Government sent an Army force under Lt.Col. George A. Custer Custer planned a three prong attack in broad daylight 2,500 Cheyenne & Lakota attacked the Calvary and killed Custer

and the other 210 soldiers

Custer was perceived as the victim of a massacre Sitting Bull who led the charge fled to Canada, the other

members were forced to return to the reservation

Little Big Horn

Battle of Little Big HornLt. Col. Custer and 210 cavalry soldiers are killed

Native Americans resisted the federal authority to stop the

‘Ghost Dance’. ‘Ghost Dance’- a ritual that celebrates a hoped-for- day of

reckoning when settlers disappear and to reunite with the deceased ancestors.

ghost dance Sitting Bull- returned from Canada and was killed in the

exchange of gunfire while he and supporters were resisting the police.

Native Americans fled the reservation and U.S. troops went after them. A battle at Wounded Knee occurred where 25 U.S soldiers died and 200 Lakota men, women and children were killed.

Tragedy at Wounded Knee

Wounded Knee25 U.S Soldiers and 200 Lakota Men, Women and

Children are killed

Assimilation- to bring into conformity

with the customs, attitudes, etc., of a group, nation.

- absorbed into American society as landowners and citizens

Allotments- breaking up reservations into areas where families could be self-supporting

Assimilation

People believed that the situation would improve if Native

Americans would assimilate into American society. Dawes Act was a plan of assimilation that gave Native

American families individual allotments. Head of household- 160 acres , Single Adults- 80

acres ,Children- 40 acres Remaining land sold to American settlers and placed in a trust

for Native Americans The plan failed because they knew very little about farming

or ranching and had little motivation to pursue that lifestyle The Plains Indians were doomed because they depended on

the buffalo for food, shelter, fuel, and clothing and the herds were becoming wiped out.

Dawes Act

How were the Native Americans of the Plains affected by the Americans migrating west?