what, where, & how systems agnosias!. what, where, & how systems
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WHAT, WHERE,
& HOW SYSTEMSAGNOSIAS!
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What, Where, & How Systems
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What
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Visual Agnosia
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Visual Object Agnosia
• Apperceptive
• Associative
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Apperceptive Agnosia
• Intact vision:– Acuity, brightness discrimination, color vision, & other
elementary visual capabilities– Sometimes preserved shape from motion
• Deficits:– Abnormal shape perception (pictures, letters, simple
shapes)– Grouping process deficit (that operates over an array
of local features representing contour, color, depth, etc.)
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Apperceptive Agnosia
• VIDEO: Apperceptive Agnosia, impaired triangle recognition, subject 1
• VIDEO: Apperceptive Agnosia, impaired object recognition, subject 1
• VIDEO: Object Agnosia 2: Impaired Visual but not tactile identification (naming), subject 2
• VIDEO: Object Agnosia 3: Intact visual movement identification, subject 2
• VIDEO: Object Agnosia 1: Impaired Visual identification (subject given name & array of objects), can’t see objects
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Associative Agnosia
Associative Agnosia• Cannot recognize objects by sight alone• Intact general knowledge of objects• Can recognize objects by touch or definition• Visual perception better than in apperceptive
agnosia • Not a naming deficit
(cannot indicate recognition by nonverbal means)
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Theories of Associative Agnosia
1. Disconnection between visual representations and language areas
2. Disconnection between visual representations and memory areas
3. Stored visual memories have been damaged
4. A perceptual and memory problem, and the two are inseparable
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Intertwined Perception & Memory
• Some visual problems • Copying drawings on line by line• On matching tasks, they rely on slow, sequential featured-
by-feature checking
• In the PDP system, the memory of the stimulus would consist of a pattern of connections strengths among a number of neuron like units. The " perceptual" representation resulting from presentation of the stimulus will depend upon the pattern of connection strengths among the units directly or indirectly activated by the stimulus. Thus, if a memory is altered by damaging the network, perception will be altered as well. Thus, Associative Agnosia may not be the results of an impairment to perception or to memory; rather, the two are in principle inseparable, and the impairment is better described as a loss of high level visual perceptual representations that were shaped by, and embody the memory of, visual experience.
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Apperceptive:Localization of Damage
• Diffuse brain damage, often from
• Multiple infarcts or from other global anoxic events: e.g. carbon monoxide poisoning.
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Apperceptive Associative
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Associative Agnosia
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Prosopagnosia
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Prosopagnosia
• Compensate by relying on nonfacial cues (voice, gait, clothing..)
• With a few exceptions, they can discriminate a face’s gender, ethnicity, approximate age, and emotion conveyed.
• Patients who do not have problems recognizing faces may have difficulty recognizing the emotion.
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Matching Faces Task
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Test of Famous Faces
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Types Of Agnosia
• Face• Object• Printed Word• Face, or face and object -- right or bilateral• Word, or word and object – left• Maximum overlap in left inferior medial
region (including parahippocampal, fusiform, and lingual gyri)
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