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What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16 th , 2014

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Page 1: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?

2014 Casualty Loss Reserve SeminarSeptember 16th, 2014

Page 2: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Overview

• The profit cycle– Why it happens– Why it is particularly harsh for MPL– Where we are now in the cycle

• Surviving the profit cycle– New techniques for the reserving actuary

Page 3: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

The P&C Profit Cycle• Soft Market

– Slow erosion of profitability by loss trend– May be accompanied by decreases in rates, but not necessarily– Continued reliance on release of prior years’ reserves to bolster P&L– Eventually inadequate reserves are booked– This inadequacy is increased until it can no longer be considered ‘reasonable’

• Hard Market– Premium increases occur suddenly, and dramatically to redundant levels (in comparison 

with the long term return requirements) in order to save the company.– While reserves are still largely deficient, the reserve hole begins to get filled in from the 

additional premium– With rates at redundant levels, eventually the reserve hole is filled in, and reserves 

begin to build to redundant levels

• Repeat

Page 4: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Why does the cycle persist?

• Uncertainty in reserves• Makes possible the inadequacy and redundancy in reserves

• This in turn, drives the need for changes in premium levels

• Once the cycle sets in, it is difficult for a company to fight it, especially when it takes over a decade from peak to peak

Page 5: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Medical Malpractice

• Enough multi‐line participants (and reinsurers), that the cycles are synchronized with regard to timing

• The severe nature of medical malpractice claims increases the uncertainty of reserves

• This results in a generally more severe profit cycle than most other lines of business

Page 6: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Company Level Review

• Analysis of 100 companies’ Annual Statements as of Year‐End 2013

• Represents roughly 70% of the marketplace• Independently developed rough estimates of reserve need for each

• Restated history to show the true dynamics of the cycle, and where we are now

Page 7: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Loss Ratio

Selected Companies

Cal Yr

Page 8: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Selected Companies

Company AY Est Cal Yr

Page 9: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Selected Companies

Margin Build Margin Release Cal Yr Company AY Est

Page 10: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Selected Companies

Margin Build Margin Release Cal Yr My AY Est

Page 11: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Hindsight View of Reserve Margin

• NAIC Annual Statement Schedule P – Part 2 provides the information

• Using the most current view of a Company’s results by year, past reserve levels are indicated as being inadequate or redundant

Page 12: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Indicated Reserve Margin for Selected Companies

 ‐

 1

 2

 3

 4

 5

 6

 7

 8

 9

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

$Billions of R

eserve M

argin

Hindsight Reserve Margin

Using 2013 CompanyBooked

Page 13: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Indicated Reserve Margin for Selected Companies

 ‐

 1

 2

 3

 4

 5

 6

 7

 8

 9

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

$Billions of R

eserve

 Margin

Hindsight Reserve Margin

Using 2013 CompanyBooked

Using My Estimate

Page 14: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

 ‐

 2

 4

 6

 8

 10

 12$ Billion

s

Earned Premium

CY Loss

Company AY EstimateBooked 2013

My AY Estimate

Page 15: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Who’s Right?

• My opinion is just that, there are certainly others. Why should you believe me?

• Not going to get into loss development factors, Bornhuetter‐Ferguson ratios, etc. here.

• Looking at a broad section of the industry, looking at the trend of actual loss payments is useful for assessing reasonableness of reserves.

Page 16: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

$ Billion

s

Payments

Page 17: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

0

5

10

15

20

25

30$ Billion

sBooked Reserves

Hindsight ReserveNeed ‐ Based on 2013Booked

Hindsight ReserveNeed ‐ My Estimate

Payments

Page 18: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

0

5

10

15

20

25

30$ Billion

sBooked Reserves

Hindsight ReserveNeed ‐ Based on 2013Booked

Hindsight ReserveNeed ‐ My Estimate

Payments

Page 19: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

0

5

10

15

20

25

30$ Billion

sBooked Reserves

Hindsight ReserveNeed ‐ Based on 2013Booked

Hindsight ReserveNeed ‐ My Estimate

Payments

Page 20: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0%90.0%

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Hindsight Reserve Margin as % of Premium

Company

My Estimate

Page 21: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Percen

tage

 of S

elected Co

mpa

nies

Company Reserve Margin as a Percent of 2013 Company Premium

Reserve Margin/Prem: Distribution by Company

By number of Companies

By Premium

Page 22: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

An end to the cycle?

• Possibly – This cycle does appear fairly unique compared to the past, with reserve margin remaining high longer.

• My view – It’s just prolonged– The previous soft market was generally not about rate decreases, but 

about steady erosion of profitability from loss trend.– Loss trend appears very low from historical standpoint. Will it remain 

that way? Tort reform reversals? Impact of ACA? Increased Inflation down the road from QE?

– Either way, the temptation is too great for market participants who may wish to pick up significant market share by reducing profitability, funded by reserve margin.

Page 23: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Conclusions about the Cycle

• The good news‐– Rates, while at lower levels than at the past, are still providing true AY loss ratios of around 60%.

• The bad news‐– True profitability is going to continue to deteriorate for quite some time, perhaps five to ten years, before a hard market will occur. The speed of this deterioration will likely depend on loss trend.

Page 24: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Navigating the Cycle

• Understand the cycle and estimate when it will turn• Be careful with acquisitions in a soft market• Watch the business like a hawk

– Changing rates– Changing class mix– Changing deductibles– Impact on loss ratio and development

• We need new methods. Triangles are not enough.

Page 25: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Claim Life Cycle Model

• Analyze individual claim emergence and development as a predictive modeling exercise using available claim and exposure characteristics

• Simulate future emergence and development using these models

• Provides a wealth of predictive information about the business

Page 26: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview
Page 27: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Claim activity from the beginning of the quarter to the end of the quarter

27

Did the Claim Close?

Does the Claim Have a New Value?

Is there a Payment?

What is the New Value?

How much is the Payment?

Arrows indicate dependency on other results

A number of available claim or exposure characteristics may have predictive value for any of these questions.

Page 28: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview
Page 29: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview
Page 30: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview
Page 31: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview
Page 32: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Simulate Going Forward

• Claim Development– Start with current inventory of open claims– For each open claim simulate a number of potential outcomes for the next time‐step (using the claims’ characteristics)

– For those simulated claim‐paths that are still open simulate forward another time‐step.

– Continue until all simulated claim‐paths are closed

Page 33: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Severity Description 1

Page 34: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Severity Description 1

Page 35: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Severity Description 1

Page 36: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Severity Description 2

Page 37: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Severity Description 2

Page 38: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Severity Description 2

Page 39: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Changes that could impact reserves

• Deductible/Limit• Geography• Changes in reinsurance program• Class mix• Doctor characteristics• Types of claims/claimants

Page 40: What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers?...What’s Next for Medical Professional Liability Writers? 2014 Casualty Loss Reserve Seminar September 16th, 2014 Overview

Summary

• The softening in the market is likely to remain for some time to come

• MPL writers will need to tread carefully in the next few years

• Actuaries need to be more aware of changes in the book of business when looking at reserves.

• Predictive modeling techniques in reserving can help