When blood enters the heart it enters through the and vena cava into the .

Once it is filled the blood passes through the valve into the .

Blood goes through the pulmonary trunk and through the to the .

There, blood is enriched with and is released.

blood returns to the heart through the .

Blood enters the .

It then passes through the valve into the .

Blood finally passes through the to the rest of the .

Blood enters the heart through the and vena cava into the . Blood then travels through the valve into the

. Blood then travels through the valve into the

to the to pick up and release . Blood

returns to the heart through the into the Blood goes through the

valve into the . Blood is pumped out of the to the rest of the

.

TYPES OF BLEEDING•All need prompt attention to prevent shock, infection, and possible loss of life

•Arterial•Severe bleeding•Bright red blood that spurts or pulses•Corresponds to the heart beat•Can lose a large amount in a short period of time•Most serious type and can be fatal •Apply pressure and activate EMS immediately

VENOUS• Steady blood flow

• Blood will appear bluish-red due to lower oxygen levels

• Veins are closer to surface to easier to control

• Direct pressure and compression best way to control bleeding

CAPILLARY

• Slow and oozes• Blood clotting occurs

rapidly• Slow bleeding carries a

risk of infection• Bandage with sterile

dressing

VITALS SIGNS

BLOOD PRESSURE (BP) When the heart pumps blood into the arteries, the surge of blood filling the vessels creates pressure against the vessels walls

Represented by two numbers: systolic and diastolic

Systolic pressure is the higher pressure number Contraction of the left ventricle

Diastolic pressure is the lower pressure number Relaxation of the ventricle

Average adult blood pressure is 120/80

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic readingsAverage is 40 (120-80)

Athletes have lower BP due to heart being stronger and more efficientLess effort to circulate blood

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)140/90

Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension)90/40

PULSE Rhythmical beating of the heart

Expansion and contraction of the arteries as blood flows through them

The pulse can be found in 7 different locations Brachial artery – inner border of the biceps Common Carotid artery – in neck Femoral artery – groin Dorsalis Pedis artery – anterior surface of the foot Popliteal artery – behind the knee Radial artery – at the wrist thumb side Temporal artery – slightly above the outer edge of the eye

Pulse rate for athletes is significantly lower

TARGET HEART RATE

Percentage of the maximum heart rate that is safe to reach during exercise

AHA recommends 50-75% for average healthy person

Calculated 220-age

THR is sliding scale that decreases with age

Tool for measuring cardiovascular exercise

Maintain THR for 15-30 min daily health benefits

WOUND CARE

PROTECTING BODY FROM EXPOSURE Protective equipment should be worn anytime dealing with an open wound

The type of injury will determine the type of barrier needed

Caregivers should always protect themselves

Wash hands before and after care

Can protect self using gloves, eyewear, and masks

GLOVES Must be worn when treating any injury involving body fluids

Latex are the best material because they resist tears, highly elastic, and gives the wearer good sensitivity

Latex gloves have outstanding barrier properties

Individuals with a latex allergy can bye latex-free gloves

Must be discarded properly to reduce exposure

Gloves should be taken off inside out to trap any pathogens within glove barrier

OSHA GUIDELINES FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Organization within the federal government that monitors outbreaks of infections

Advises affected groups on how to handle the situation and control the spread of disease

OSHA Produces standards for infections control practice by medical care workers

One of the first standards and practice rules was the Bloodborne Pathogens rule

Standard precautions Infection control guidelines designed to protect workers from exposure to disease spread by contact with blood or other bodily fluids

WOUND CARE

Open woundIrrigate with clean, cool water to wash away any foreign particles

Use a mild soap to help control infections

Foreign particles must be removed or infection with result

Refer if necessary

MINOR CUTS AND ABRASIONS Wash and dry

Treat with first aid cream to prevent infections

Apply sterile bandage which should be changed daily

Bandage should be large enough to cover area

Do not secure to tight or circulation will be cut off to the area

Athlete should check for signs of infection regularly

Athlete should be instructed on how to clean and manage wounds Infected wounds increases healing time

BANDAGES AND DRESSING Will ensure proper healing and infection control

Dressing is the material placed directly on wound Large enough to cover injury Sterile to prevent infection

Bandage is the material that holds the dressing in place

Gauze dressing Made of cotton, woven into a flexible absorbent cloth

Occlusive dressing Prevent air and moisture from entering or escaping the wound

Often have a petroleum gel or a thin plastic film

BANDAGE GUIDELINES

Select the proper size and material

Remove anything that interferes with bandaging

Never reuse a dressing or bandage, only use sterile material

Should be snug but not too tight

Leave fingers and toes exposed to check for circulation

SIGNS OF INFECTION

Redness

Swelling

Increased pain

Oozing of pus

Increase in body temperature

Red streak on arm or leg – possible blood poisoning Emergency

FOLDABLE Wound ManagementTypes of bleeding and their definitionsTypes of dressings and their definitionsBandage guidelinesSigns of infection

BINGO WORDS Ventricle

Coronary Arteries

Atrium

Capillaries

Carbon Dioxide

Tricuspid Valve

Artery

Heart

Lungs

Venule

Mitral Valve

Pulmonary Artery

Arterioles

Oxygen

Vein

Pulmonary Vein

Sup. and Inf. Vena Cava

Aorta

Arterial Bleeding

Venous Bleeding

Capillary Bleeding

Platelets

Red Blood cell

White Blood Cell