When finished with test

Vocabulary:

• Estate

• Relics of feudalism

• Bourgeoisie

• Sans-culottes

• Faction

• Elector

• Coup d'état

• Consulate

• Nationalism

Warm up

• Why do we pay taxes? (Please write a response and be ready to answer if I call on you!)

• Taxes pay for the government (Teachers, police, firefighters, Mayors, Roads, Public buildings)

Chapter 18

The French Revolution and

Napoleon

Section 1

The French Revolution Begins

1789 – Important Year

• The Constitution of the United States ratified

• The beginning of the French revolution

• Causes– Sharp class divide– Absolutist monarchy– Economic crisis

The Three Estates

• First Estate• Clergy• 130,000 people• Exempt from the taille

(tax)

The Three Estates• The Second Estate• The Nobility• 350,000 people• Powerful positions in

church, government, military

• Exempt from taille (tax)

The Three Estates• The Third Estate• Largest estate• Majority were

peasants• Skilled people –

craftsmen, shopkeepers

• Bourgeoisie – merchants, bankers, industrialists, lawyers, doctors

Beginning of Revolution• The Estates-General• The National

Assembly• Tennis Court Oath,

June 1789• July 14, 1789 – The

Storming of the Bastille –(Pg. 546)

The Declaration of the Rights of Man

• August 26, 1789 – adopted by National Assembly

• Ended exemption from taxes• Freedom of religion, press and equal rights

The King’s Reaction• Louis XVI• Hiding in Versailles

for most early revolution

• Brought back to Paris by angry Parisian women

• Comes back to Paris with flour for hungry

Europe’s Response• Prussia and

Austria threaten to invade

• France declares war in 1792

• The Paris Commune - radical

• The sans-culottes

Radical Revolution and Reaction

Section 2

What to do with the King?

• The Girondins

• The Mountains

• The Jacobins

• Louis XVI is beheaded, 1793

Leaders of the Radical Revolution

• Georges Danton - Minister of Justice• Jean Paul Marat - author• Maximilian Robspierre – Head of the

Committee of Public Safety

The Reign of Terror

• Revolutionary Courts• Approximately 40,000

executed/16,000 by guillotine

• The Republic of Virtue

• “Citizens”• De-Christianization• Subsides after death

of Robespierre

The Directory

• National Convention reduces power of the Committee on Public Safety

• Established Constitution of 1795

• Council of 5, the Directory, Chosen to lead France as executives

• Corrupt and relied on military power.

• 1799 – coup d’etat – Napoleon comes to power.

The Age of NapoleonSection 3

Napoleon Bonaparte• Born in Corsica, 1769

• Distinguished military career

• General French army• Helped in the coup

d’etat to overthrow the Directory

• Consulate for Life, 1802

• Crowned Emperor in 1804

The Napoleonic Code• PROS

• Single code of law, replaced 300 individual systems

• Right to choose an occupation

• Equality before law• Religious tolerance• Abolition of

Serfdom/Feudalism

• CONS• Outlawed trade

unions and strikes• Took away right of

divorce from women• Women were “less

equal” than men• Censorship

Napoleon’s Bureaucracy

• Highly centralized government

• Promotions on ability, not name or birth

• Creation of new noble class

• Absolutist state

Trafalgar• Continental System• Napoleon wants to

attack England• British navy engages

French and Spanish ships, at Trafalgar, 1805

• Admiral Nelson• French and Spanish

defeated

Napoleon Invades Russia

• June 1812-600,000 French soldiers enter Russia

• Retreating Russian troops destroyed anything that could aide Napoleon

• Moscow

• “The Great Retreat”

• Napoleon loses over 560,000 men in this campaign

Exiled to Elba• Empire collapses• Napoleon is captured• Exiled in 1814• Bourbon monarchy

briefly restored• Returns in March

1815.

Waterloo

• Duke of Wellington• June 18, 1815• Napoleon exiled to St.

Helena• Dies in solitude

Napoleon Bonaparte

• Positive Changes• Equality with one law

code• Brought peace to

France at first• Great General

• Negative policies• Military mistakes• Become tyrant• Over confident• Started war with other

countries

Map Directions! Pg. 567Label (Color) the French empire, Dependent

states, States Allied with Napoleon, States Allied Against Napoleon

• Countries to label – Spain, United Kingdom, Russia, Portugal, Sweden, Austria, and Prussia

• Cities to Label – Paris, Madrid, Rome, Moscow

• Label, North, Baltic, Mediterranean, and Black seas

• On the back of the map Geography skills #1-2