who european centre for environment and health from environment to environment & health...

WHO European Centre for Environment and HealthWHO European Centre for Environment and HealthWHO European Centre for Environment and HealthWHO European Centre for Environment and Health

From Environment

to Environment & Health

indicators:Status & challenges

Michal KrzyzanowskiDafina Dalbokova

Rokho KimWHO ECEH Bonn Office

http://www.euro.who.int/EHindicators






From ENVIRONMENT

To

Environment and HEALTH

Indicators


Challenges for Envirnment and Health Information System:

•Simple message on a complex issue•Scientific uncertainty

•Reporting overload•Diversity of sectors involved


Development of EG IS in Europe: Development of EG IS in Europe: WHO approachWHO approach

Declaration

CEHAPE


Development of EG IS in EuropeDevelopment of EG IS in EuropeMinisterial Declaration, § 16d Set up decision making process for selection and approval of system elements Establish international steering mechanism Develop and update methodological guidelines; capacity building Establish a network based on local / national / international organizations, building on existing infrastructure

Declaration, § 16e: tasks of MS, WHO, EEA, EC, UNECE, UNEP…


Development of EG IS in EuropeDevelopment of EG IS in Europe International mechanism for selection and approval of system elements supported by the Member States EHIS WG: 10 Nov 2004 A network active in the Region Guidelines for a core set of indicators;

- Development of EH indicators for EU countries (ECOEHIS) (2002-4)- Establishment of EH Info System in Europe:

ENHIS (2004/5) & ENHIS2 (2005/7) (CEHAPE!!)

Progress report: IG Conference 2007


Evidence ReportingIndicators

Elements of EHISElements of EHIS


EH indicators recommended by ECOEHIS EH indicators recommended by ECOEHIS DD PP SS ExEx EffEff AA

Air qualityAir quality 33 11 55 1 11NoiseNoise 11 1 11HousingHousing 11 4 4 /1 1 1 /1Traffic accidentsTraffic accidents 11 22 2 2 /1Water & Water & sanitationsanitation

11 22 11 1

Chemical safetyChemical safety 11 33RadiationRadiation 11 11

Recommended for EC Health Indicators core setRecommended for EC Health Indicators core setRecommended for WHO implementation


• What is (magnitude of) environment-related health problems?• When to act and how?• Health benefits of interventions?• Costs of interventions?• Are policy measures effective?• How to meet EU-obligations?

Questions of policy-makersQuestions of policy-makers

Annoyance by certain sources of noise in Sweden 1999

NMHS31. Have you during the last 3 months been annoyed by any of the following inside or in the vicinity of your home?

Noise from neighborsRoad traffic noiseRailway traffic noiseAircraft noiseIndustrial noiseVentilation noiseOther noise sourcesEntertainment noise

Yes (a

t leas

t 1/w

eek)

Yes, b

ut

less o

ften

No, ne

ver

5% 10% 15% 20%

Men

Women

xxxxxxxx

Any of the above

Arlanda airportEurope

StockholmCounty

Arlanda

65 dBA60 dBA55 dBA

50 dBA

Sweden

Stockholm County

Märsta

Stockholm city

Prevalence of hypertension and aircraft noise level (FBN)

<50 dBA50-55 dBA

55-60 dBA>60 dBA

*Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and educational level

1.1 (0.7-1.9)1.5 (0.9-2.5)

2.0 (0.8-5.3)

1.0OR

*

How big is the problem?

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

PM10 (chronicexposure)

Noise Traffic accidents

DAL

Ys

1980 1980 19802000 2000 20002010 2020 2020

Estimates for The Netherlands (RIVM)

Whre to act?

Are policy measures effective: example noise

How are NL doing in comparison ?

• NL lowest % exp. to road traffic noise < 60 dB(A)?

• Different methods differences in predicted noise levels up to 10-15 dB(A)

• Harmonisation at EU level under way

• Will be added to WHO-EHIS in future

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

UK, 2000 Austria, 2001 Germany, 1999 NL, 2001

Country

% p

erso

ns e

xpos

ed to

Lde

n >

60

dB(A

)


Noise and health: Noise and health: Exposure indicators recommended for Exposure indicators recommended for

ECHIECHI

Noise_Ex1 Population exposed to various noise levels (Lden and Lnight) by different sources

European directive 2002/49/EC for environmental noise:- maps of Lden (day-evening-night level) and Lnight (night

level)- maps: the number of people located in areas exposed to

nois - maps to be produced by June 30, 2007.


Air Pollution and Health: indicators

Population exposure to PM10

Loss of LE preventible by 10% reduction in PM

WHO European Centre for Environment and Health

Source: Pope et al, JAMA 2002

Long term exposure to PM and risk of mortalityin ACS cohort

TFH 2003: “..apply the relative risk for all cause mortality… in the extended American Cancer Society (ACS) cohort study Pope et al. (2002).”

The health benefits of a ban of coal sales in Dublin

Anthropogenic contribution to PM2.5

2000 2020 Rural concentrations, Annual mean [µg/m3] from known anthropogenic sources excluding sec. org. aerosolsEmissions for 2020, no further climate measures, Average meteorology for 1999 and 2003,

Source: EMEP Eulerian model MSC-W

Loss in life expectancy due to PM2.5

No cut-off assumedLoss in average life expectancy (days)Mean meteorology

2000 2020

Source: IIASA


Exposure to air pollutants: Exposure to air pollutants: indicators erecommended for ECHIindicators erecommended for ECHI

AIR_EX1_PM10: population-weighted annual mean PM10 concentrationAIR_EX1_PM2.5: population-weighted annual mean PM2.5 concentrationAIR_EX1_O3: population-weighted annual mean ozone concentrationAIR_EX1_NO2: population distribution of number of

hours exceeding AQ limit values for NO2 in urban areas (EEA AP13)AIR_EX1_SO2: population distribution of number of

days exceeding AQ limit values for SO2 in urban areas (EEA AP11)

Drinking water quality

Access to safe drinking water Water borne

disease

Drinking water quality and health

Drinking water quality and health

Drinking water borne disease rate

4003002001000-100

Drin

king

wat

er q

ualit

y

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

-2

Access to safe drinking water

120100806040200-20

Drin

king

wat

er q

ualit

y

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

-2


Water and Sanitation: Water and Sanitation: indicators erecommended for ECHIindicators erecommended for ECHI

WatSan_Ex1 Safe drinking waters: Population connected to public water supply

(EUROSTAT) WatSan_S2 Drinking water compliance

Proportion of the drinking water samples analysed which fail to comply with the EU Directive on the quality of water intended for human consumptionrefers to regulated public water supplies


Conclusions

Focus on Exposure – Effects -

Actions

Start with existing data

Develop evidence-based messages

EEA-USEPA Workshop 27-28 Sept 2004 From Environment to Environment & Health indicators: Status & challenges

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