Who most wanted the Treaty of Versailles

enforced? Why?

France, most damaged & all alone vs. Ger.

What was Lenin’s solution to the economic problems the Communists faced after the

Russian Civil War?

New Economic Policy (NEP)

Lenin's death led to a power struggle between whom?

Who was the victor?

Stalin & Trotsky, Stalin

What was the main threat that fascist regimes

responded to?

spread of communism

What do fascist rulers insist the individual must put

before everything?

the State

How did Muss. become Prime Minister?

appointed by king after Black Shirts march on

Rome

What did France do in 1923 when Germany fell behind

on repsarations?

occupied Ruhr

How did this impact the German economy?

huge inflation, some unemployment

Name 2 parts of the Nazi Party Platform.

repudiation of T of V, unification of Austria &

Germany, eradication of Jews, agrarian reform,

confiscation of war profits, etc.

What was the first attempted takeover by the

Nazi Party?

Beer Hall Putsch (Munich, 1923)

What did the Dawes Plan do?

restructured rep pay back (tied to Ger. economy)

Name 2 of the key causes of the Great Depression.

Crisis in currency & investments, commodities crisis, lack of leadership

How did the crash of ‘29 affect U.S. investment in

Europe?

stopped it

Why couldn’t farmers pay their debts in the ‘20s?

glut of agricultural goods in market

How did most European gov’ts respond to the Great

Depression?

cut spending, wage & price controls

Who rose to power in response to the Great

Depression in Germany? Who did they use as

scapegoats?

Nazis, Jews and Communists

What did Hitler blame on the Communists & use as an excuse to expand his

power?

Reichstag Fire

What act of terror made the Nazi anti-Semitic program a

clear reality?

Kristallnacht

What was the name of Hitler’s elite secret police

force? Who led it?

SS, Himmler

What kinds of propaganda were used by the Nazis? Who was their minister of

propaganda?

marches, rallies, radio, print; Joseph Goebbels

What was the Nazis’ economic policy?

Gear all production toward strong military state

What instrument guided the Soviet economy between

1927 & 1942?

the Five Year Plans

What did these plans call for?

rapid industrialization w/ specific goals for

production

How did the plans expect to pay for these increases?

grain exports from collectivized farms

What class strongly opposed collectivized

farming?

kulaks

What was done to those who opposed?

death or imprisonment

What was the cost of this industrialization?

millions of deaths, lack of economic equality, years

of self denial

What was Stalin’s goal in the great Purges?

eliminate all opposition w/in the Party (old

Bolsheviks)

What old empire had controlled the Middle East

for hundreds of years prior to 1900? What event

brought the collapse of this empire?

The Ottoman Empire, WWI

How did the Ottoman gov’t respond to the uprising of

Armenian Christians in 1915?

They killed 600,000 Armenians and sent

500,000 more into exile

What leader took over Turkey at the end of WWI and allowed for the official

end of the end of the Empire? What was his

biggest reform?

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, make Turkey a secular

state, free from connections with Islam

What resource was discovered in Persia that

served to increase foreign interest?

Oil

Name at least two of the new “states” created in the

Middle East after WWI?

Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan

What was the first new kingdom created by Arabs in

the Middle East? What specific industry brought

great wealth to this kingdom in the 1930’s?

Saudi Arabia, the American oil industry

In what part of the former Ottoman empire is there a

great deal of tension today? Who is the tension

between?

Former Palestine; Arab Palestinians and the

Israelis

Who took over leadership of the Nationalists after Sun Yat Sen’s death?

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai Shek)

Who did Jiang Jieshi identify as the two major

enemies to Chinese unification in the late

1920’s ?

the Communists and Japan

What is the basic message of Mao’s Four

Slogans?

do the opposite of what the enemy wants/expects

What was Mao’s “Long March”?

when Mao and the communists broke the nationalist siege and

marched north to their only remaining base

Why did Jiang feel the peasants were not ready

for a republic?

They were very poor and illiterate

Why did Jiang suppress all opposition and censor

free expression?

he feared Communist influence

Sum it all up by identifying 3 of the major

problems China faced during the 1930’s.

the Great Depression, Japanese aggression,

internal conflict (comms vs. nats)

Where did Gandhi receive an education that

emphasized nationalism and self-reliance?

Great Britain

Where was Gandhi when his eyes were opened to racial

injustice?

South Africa (and its policy of Apartheid)

How did Gandhi respond to the massacre at Amritsar?

Launched his first major campaign of non-violent

passive resistance

What kind of things did Gandhi encourage the Indians to do in their

resistance of the British?

Boycott, refuse to pay taxes, refuse to work for

the British

What event exposed the British to a great deal of

outrage from the rest of the world?

The march on the slat mine

When will India finally get it’s independence?

In 1947, after WWII