wild triticum and aegilops species: a mine of rust resistance genes for future harvest
DESCRIPTION
Parveen ChhunejaTRANSCRIPT
Wild Tri$cum and Aegilops species: A mine of rust resistance genes for
future harvest
Parveen Chhuneja School of Agricultural Biotechnology
Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana
Phylogeny of Triticum and Aegilops species
BS Gill, WGGRC
s Primary gene pool
Secondary gene pool
TerDary gene pool
v all diploid and tetraploid Tri$cum & Aegilops species with A, B, & D genomes
v landraces, early domesDcates v wild species that hybridize directly with the culDvated
" tetraploid species with one genome common with wheat
" diploid S-‐genome species from Aegilops secDon Sitopsis
all non-‐progenitor diploid & tetraploid species
Wheat Gene Pools
T. monococcum (AA) Ae. speltoides (SS)
Progenitor Species
Ae. tauschii (DD)
Leaf rust
Stripe rust
Stem rust
Foliar blights
Stay Green
Anther Extrusion
Leaf rust Stripe rust Stem rust Powdery mildew Karnal bunt Grain size Spike size
Leaf rust
Stripe rust
Stem rust
Powdery mildew
Karnal bunt
Grain size
Grain micronutrient
Thermotolerance
Aphid Resistance ??
T. arara$cum (AAGG)
T. dicoccoides (AABB)
Leaf rust
Stripe rust
Powdery mildew
Leaf rust Stripe rust Stem rust Powdery mildew Grain protein Grain size Grain micronutrient
Ae. triuncialis (UUCC)
Non-‐progenitor species
Ae. geniculata (UM)
Ae. kotschyi (US)
Leaf rust
Stripe rust
Powdery mildew
Karnal bunt
Thermotolerance
Leaf rust
Stripe rust
Grain micronutrient
Leaf rust
Stripe rust
Stem rust
Thermotolerance
Ae. variabilis (US)
Leaf rust
Stripe rust
Grain micronutrient
Thermotolerance
Wild wheat germplasm at PAU, Ludhiana
Species Genome Total Aegilops tauschii DD 270 Tri$cum boeo$cum AbAb 70 Tri$cum monococcum AmAm 60 Aegilops speltoides SS 140 other S genome species SS 20 Tri$cum dicoccoides AABB 120 Tri$cum arara$cum AAGG 20 Aegilops cylindrica DDCC 20 Aegilops ventricosa DDNN 10 Aegilops umbellulata UU 4 Aegilops triuncialis UUCC 10 Aegilops geniculata UUMM 10 Aegilops markgrafii UUMM 4 Aegilops neglecta UUMM 6 Aegilops kotschyi UUSS 22 Aegilops peregrina UUSS 44 Misc. 20
850
Variability for rust resistance in wild wheats
Species
Acc.
Seedling ReacDon Leaf Rust
Stripe Rust
77
77-‐1
77-‐2
104-‐1
K
M Ae.
geniculata
3514
R
R
R
R
S
S 3547
R
R
R
R
R
S 3565
R
R
R
R
S
S 5507
R
R
-‐
-‐
R
R Ae.
triuncialis
3549
R
R
R
R
R
S 3621
-‐
R
R
R
R
R 3669
S
R
S
R
S
R Ae.
longissima
3770
S
R
R
R
R
R 3819
S
-‐
R
-‐
S
R 3821
R
R
-‐
-‐
R
S Ae. tauschii
3737
S
R
S
X
R
R 3748
-‐
R
R
R
R
R 3749
-‐
R
R
R
R
R T. urartu
5319
S
R
S
-‐
R
R 5343
R
R
R
R
S
S 5357
S
-‐
S
-‐
R
R 5360
R
S
S
S
S
R
Variability for rust resistance in different wild species
Stripe rust reacDon of Ae. tauschii accessions at adult plant stage
0 0.2
PB W343WH 542
894-‐S
3472-‐T
3738-‐T
3743-‐S
3750-‐S3751-‐S
3753-‐T
3757-‐S
3758-‐S
3759-‐T
3760-‐S
3761-‐S
3769-‐S
3786-‐S
3805-‐S3822-‐S
3823-‐S
3826-‐T
5514-‐S
9385-‐T
9785-‐T9787-‐S
9790-‐S
9791-‐S
9793-‐S9794-‐S
9795-‐T
9796-‐S9799-‐S
9804-‐S9807-‐S
9809-‐S
9810-‐S
9821-‐S
9824-‐T
9826-‐S
9827-‐T9830-‐S13757-‐T
13764-‐T14091-‐S
14102-‐S
14106-‐T
14109-‐S
14122-‐T
14159-‐S
14163-‐T
14164-‐T
14165-‐S
14171-‐S
14173-‐S
14175-‐S
14180-‐S
14183-‐T
14189-‐T14192-‐T
14195-‐T
14197-‐T
14198-‐T
14199-‐T
14219-‐T
14233-‐T14236-‐T14240-‐S
14245-‐T14251-‐T
14318-‐T
14323-‐S
14330-‐S
14331-‐S
14333-‐S
14334-‐S
14335-‐S14336-‐S
14337-‐S
14339-‐S
14342-‐S
14344-‐S
14350-‐T14351-‐T14354-‐T
14361-‐S
14576-‐S
14577-‐S
14578-‐T
100
73
59
42
62
100
83
84
56
33
35
30
61
99
100
63
25
4261
94
100
47
26
99
71
96
42
100
8336
67
28
5142
347182
99
93
31
29
26
60
55
21
Cluster I-ssp strangulata
Cluster II-ssp. tauschii & strangulata
Level of geneDc diversity in Ae. tauschii
Ae. speltoides (SS)
0 0.2PDW233PDW291PDW274Ac onc hi89
P BW343
PBW550
3566
3595
3601
36033635
3808
38093809
TA1784
3571
3574
3575
3578
357935803581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3590
3591
3592
3593
3596
3598
3599
3602
3604
3605
3607
36083637
3638
3804
402471TA1770
TA1772
TA1776
TA1778
TA1781
TA1786
TA1787
TA1788
TA1791
TA1792TA1793TA1845
TA2357
Level of geneDc diversity in Ae. speltoides
Stripe rust reacDon of Ae. speltoides accessions at adult plant stage
0
20
40
60
Accessions
ReacDon type
NON PROGENITOR SPECIES
T. boeo$cum T. monococcum
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 TR 20MR 20S
Accession
ReacDon Type
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
0 TR 5MR 10MR 20MR 40S-‐60S
Accessions
ReacDon type
T. dicoccoides
UDlizaDon of wild species in wheat for disease resistance
Disease Total genes catalogued
From alien sources
Leaf rust 71 32
Stripe rust 53 25
Stem rust 57 24
Powdery mildew 47 26
CCN 10 8
McIntosh et al. 2012
Alien introgressions: Some Case Studies
" 5M of Ae. geniculata: resistance genes for all the three rusts
" Homoeologous gp. 5: Distal region " Ae. triuncialis: A single accession carry resistance for mulDple diseases
" A genome species: source of mulDple resistance
5M chromosome of Ae. geniculata acc. pau3547 have genes for leaf rust, stripe rust and stem rust resistance
Lr57 Yr40
Lr57 Yr40
Lr57 Yr40 Sr53
BS Gill, WGGRC
Sr53 in spontaneous translocaDon stocks with reduced alien chromaDn -‐ Liu et al. 2011
5US chromosome of Ae. umbellulata carries closely linked leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes
*YrU0.0*LrU0.7
*Lr57-Yr40CAPS4.6
*Xgwm1909.1
*Xwmc805c32.8
5DS
Disease RILs Stripe rust Total HR H HS
Leaf rust
HR 113 7 3 123 H 0 11 1 12 HS 0 1 106 107
Total 113 19 110 242
Leaf rust reacDon in the mapping populaDon
IL373
IL403 Resistant RILs PBW
343
WL711 SuscepDble RILs
5CS chromosome of Ae. caudata carries closely linked leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes
Stage Resistant Susceptible T o t a l plants
χ2(3:1)
Seedling 208 78 286 0.79
Adult plant 206 78 284 0.92
5DS
Leaf rust and Stripe rust resistance genes on 5DS from three different alien genomes-‐M, U & C
*YrU0.0*LrU0.7
*Lr57-Yr40CAPS4.6
*Xgwm1909.1
*Xwmc805c32.8
5DS
Ae. geniculata Ae. umbellulata Ae. caudata
Lr57/Yr40
Lr57-‐Yr40 LrU, YrU LrC, YrC
Wheat-Ae. triuncialis substitution line-DS5U(5A)
5U chromosome carries genes for " A leaf rust resistance-‐slow rusDng " A powdery mildew resistance gene " A CCN resistance gene
Single Accession of Ae. triuncialis acc. pau 3549 carries two leaf rust, powdery mildew, CCN and KB resistance genes
Ae. triuncialis addition line for chromosome 2U/2C: KB, leaf rust and powdery mildew resistance
Derivative ID
Mean KB %
KB Range Leaf rust Powdery mildew
WL711 60.2 - 80S 9
PBW343 10.7 - 40S 9
2205 2.6 0-12.6 60S 1
2238 15.1 0-27.2 0 1
2288 2.3 0-13.2 0 0-3
2291 2.2 0-9.9 0 1
WL711 AT 2205 2238 2288 2291
AT PBW343 2288 BC1F3
A Wheat-Ae. triuncialis spontaneous translocation
carries Lr58
Lr58
A-‐genome Tri(cum species: MulDple disease resistance
Triticum boeoticum/ T. monococcum RIL population
" Leaf rust resistance
" Stripe rust resistance
" Karnal bunt resistance
" Cereal cyst nematode resistance
" Powdery mildew resistance
" Single vs two seeds per spikelet
" Many Agronomic traits
" Stem rust resistance
Disease resistance gene segregaDon in T. boeo(cum/T. monococcum RILs
Disease ReacDon in parental accession
SegregaDon in RILs CulDvated Germplasm
Leaf rust Resistance
Both parents resistant
No segregaDon; Both parents have same gene (s)
WL711, PBW343
Stripe rust Resistance
Both parents resistant
Two gene; One gene from each parent
WL711, PBW343
Stem rust Resistance
Both parents resistant
No segregaDon; Both parents have Sr22
WL711
Powdery mildew resistance
T. boeoDcum resistant
Two genes; Both genes from Tb
PBW343
Cereal cyst nematode resistance
T. monococcum resistant
Two genes; Both genes from Tm
4x & 6x background
Linkage map of A genome of T. monococcum T. boeoticum/T. monococcum likage map based on 200 markers
BE4893230.0GluAlmw13.3bcd13035.3gdm3350.2gwm3355.4cfd5856.7gwm13661.1cfa215363.2BE44489066.8Mwg710bPsr549b67.3
mwg2021a67.8gwm110474.1BE442682barc20476.7
BE49983581.7cfa2158cfd2186.0
BE44340188.3BE44310391.2BE59168294.1gwm39196.4BE495292100.0barc9109.8gdm36124.6wmc475146.1cfd65cfd59cfd83
155.1
cfa2135wmc470a159.4
gwm135164.5GluAy173.1
BE443103213.0
1
Mwg8510.0KsuD1818.5BE49835819.6wmc38223.6barc124a25.1gwm63633.9Psr66652.3Psr108wmc17757.8
fba198fba17858.7
wmc26460.6fba27268.5BE49749481.2BE49947884.9gwm27587.5BE406808wmc47490.1
BE406584gwm51591.3
gwm1011gwm1045BE406923gwm71cfd26
94.7
wmc42095.9BE425962Psr630117.6
barc5119.5Psr681129.1Psr933129.5wmc407129.7wmc170Psr331133.3
fba374134.4gwm30140.9Psr540152.3cfd267165.8cfd223199.1
2
wmc1470.0
gwm75721.4barc5725.1barc1233.6wmc1134.3
cfd7950.5gwm36954.7
barc21867.6gwm77968.9wmc150a78.0
wmc7998.0barc1998.6barc6798.9wmc26999.2cfa2134105.5Psr570106.6gwm1121108.6Psr74117.0wmc492119.5barc152135.2wmc96c137.5cfa2193140.7
bcd131173.6
wmc153186.1cfa2170189.8cfd62192.7wmc326201.6wmc322209.7wmc169210.9
gwm391237.6
3
Br0.0
Gnu_A30.2
Ba259.7
gwm19272.6gwm16576.5cfa225677.9cfd7180.8barc10681.4wmc89wmc4882.9
gwm61486.9cfa2173104.9gwm494118.4mwg2021b125.3cdo484125.9wmc468134.4
Mwg676175.3
4
BE4969030.0barc18618.1barc1wmc150b18.7
cfd4019.3barc11721.9
gwm44349.0BE49983559.5gwm20560.6gwm15464.3barc14183.0gwm18688.0wmc37194.5cfd2b96.3gwm639103.3barc151120.6cfd12129.5gwm271133.6Psr426139.4cfd2a144.3Psr549a147.9barc124b150.0cfa2163barc142153.6
cfa2141154.5wmc470b158.4bcd98160.7
KsuG14182.2
cfd39205.3wmc399206.5gwm126210.8gwm6214.4cfd47225.6wmc74227.6
5
cfd1900.0wmc96b1.2barc371.8barc11313.0
gwm57026.7wmc17932.5
gwm101744.0wmc41746.2gwm61757.1gwm42760.1gwm108963.4Psr96667.8
Psr687barc10489.0
6
gwm4710.0
barc7036.2
gwm635gwm63547.9
cfd3172.5
cfa204993.4wm6100.8wmc283gwm130101.9
barc154103.6cfa2028106.6wmc405122.1wmc58123.8cfa2174134.9RC_A138.2gwm573wmc17142.5
cfd68145.3wmc96a149.7gwm473153.7barc29163.6
Mwg710c192.0
7
Disease Genes Mapped
Leaf rust Resistance
Lr_Tm
Stripe rust Resistance QYrtm.pau-‐2A, QYrtb.pau-‐5A
Stem rust Resistance Sr22
Powdery mildew resistance
PmTb7A.1 & PmTb7A.2
Cereal cyst nematode resistance
Qcretm.pau-‐1A, Qcretm.pau-‐2A
R genes mapped on Tm/Tb RIL populaDon
14 QTL/genes mapped in T. boeo$cum/T. monococcum RIL populaDon
Br
7AL
Summary of Gene transfers from Progenitor and non-progenitor species at PAU Ludhiana
Donor Trait Chromosome Gene(s) Ae. geniculata (UUMM)
Leaf rust Stripe rust
5DS Lr57 Yr40
Ae. triuncialis (UUCC)
Leaf rust Powdery mildew Karnal bunt, CCN
2BL 5U
Lr58
Ae. umbellulata (UU)
Leaf rust Stripe rust
5DS 5DS
LrU YrU
Ae. caudata (CC) Leaf rust Stripe rust
5DS LrC
Ae. variabilis (UUSS)
Leaf rust Stripe rust
2AL -‐
LrV YrV
T. monococcum & T. boeo(cum (AA)
Leaf rust Stripe rust CCN Powdery mildew
6A 2A, 5A 1A, 2A 7A
Lr_Tm QYrtm.pau-‐2A, QYrtb.pau-‐5A Qcretm.pau-‐1A, Qcretm.pau-‐2A PmTb7A.1 & PmTb7A.2
Ae. tauschii (DD) Leaf rust, stripe rust Karnal bunt
1D, 2D, 6D -‐
T. arara(cum (AAGG)
Powdery mildew Leaf rust Stripe rust
-‐ -‐
Challenges..
" SystemaDc large scale evaluaDon and uDlizaDon of wild species
" Restricted RecombinaDon " Linkage Drag " UDlizing genomic advances for precision
introgression " Acceptance of alien genes by breeders
OpportuniDes
" Huge variaDon: major proporDon unuDlized " SNP based marker pla`orms and sequencing technologies: lead to beber germplasm characterizaDon and uDlizaDon
" Chromosome engineering: understanding Ph1 locus
" ComparaDve Genomics " Combined efforts of cytogeneDcists, molecular biologists and breeders required for idenDficaDon, transfer and uDlizaDon of alien genes
InternaDonal Collaborators Bikram S Gill, KSU
Beat Keller, IPMB, Zurich Harbans Bariana, Australia Cristobal Uauy, JIC, UK Brande Wulff, TSL, UK
Funding agencies: Department of Biotechnology, GOI,
India USIF, USA
SDC, Switzerland ICAR, India BMGF, USA
Dr HS Dhaliwal