conser ation

Volu

me

110,

Num

ber

2WRITTEN IN BLACK

& WHITE

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On the Cover:“Atelopus sp.13,” a tiny harlequin frog recently discovered in Ecuador, could go extinct before it can be described and formally named. Story on page 32.

20Tonle Sap: Floating Heart

of CambodiaStory and photos by Eleanor BrigssSaving Southeast Asia’s largest c

olony of water birds.

26Connecting the Dots

By Alan RabinowitzSaving the jaguar through-out its range.

32Prairie Wolves in the

PalmettosBy Howard Youth

The adaptable coyote pushes farther south in the Sunshine State.8

Letter from the Field

12Conservation Hotline

conservationVolume 110, Number 2

contents

may/april 2007 3

38The Greatest Living

Thing on EarthBy Michael Tennesen

The vast Amazon Basin is the site of a full-scale war over its vital natural resources.

44Where are the Clowns?Story and photos by Charles Bergman

Ecuador’s colorful harlequin frogs bring attention to South America’s vanishing amphibians

50Media Safari

54Wild Places

52Animal Kingdom

59Shopping Green/Classified

60Online Resources

66Reflections

Wildlife Conservation is published six times a year by the Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460. Copyright Wildlife Conservation Society, 2007. All rights re-served. No part of the contents of this magazine may be reproduced by any means without the written consent of Wildlife Conservation Magazine. National affili-ate membership: $24.95 for one year. Foreign membership: $31.95 for one year – payable in U.S. funds only. Gift and foreign memberships must be prepaid. Join on-line at www.wildlifeconservation.com. Single-copy prices: current issue $4.95, back issues $6.00, plus $1.00 postage. Periodicals postage paid at Bronx, NY and additional entry offices. U.S.A. newsstand dis-tribution by Coast to Coast Newsstand Service, 5230 Finch Avenue, Suite One, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1S 4Z9; www.ctcmagazines.com POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Wildlife Conservation Magazine, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460; or via email to magazine@wcs.org; include both new and old mailing addresses. Web site www.wildlifeconservation.com.

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conservation hotline

RARE CAT CAPTURE

Just three days after catching a Siberian tiger in the Russian Far East, an international team led by WCS biologists captured another felid species, which carries the dubious distinction of being the world’s most endangered big cat: a Far Eastern leopard (below). One of only 30 left in the wild, the animal was captured in a trapline – a series of snares set out by scien-tists to temporarily catch big cats for genetic analysis. The 45-kilogram (100-pound) male was captured in Southwest Primorski Krai in

the southern Russian Far East less than 20 miles from the Chinese border.

Before releasing the leopard, the team of scientists from WCS, the Institute of Biology and Soils of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity of the National Cancer Institute conducted medical evaluations, and collected sperm samples to assess the animal’s ability to repro-duce. Genetic analyses, in conjunction with other biomedical evaluations, will be used to determine whether leopards and tigers suffer

from the effects of inbreeding among closely related individuals, a common problem when wildlife populations are small.

“This capture represents a milestone in our cooperative efforts to save the Far Eastern leopard and Siberian tiger from extinction,” says Dale Miquelle, director of WCS’s Russia Program. “With the information gained from these animals, and others to come, we will be in a much better position to determine appro-priate conservation actions.”

C.J. Chivers

5

The regional government of Kamchatka has announced that it intends to set aside more than six million acres of headwaters-to-ocean watershed as a refuge for wild salmon (right). The plan would protect large parcels of nearly pristine wilderness and some of the most productive salmon rivers (above) on Earth. Roughly the size of California, Russia’s Kam-chatka Peninsula produces from one-sixth to one-quarter of the Pacific Ocean’s wild salmon, making it one of the last sources of a culturally and economically important fish.

The Wild Salmon Center, based in Port-land, Oregon, spurred the plan, urging Russia not to repeat the mistakes in salmon manage-ment made by the United States and Canada. Many historic spawning and nursery areas in those countries long ago fell out of use as a result of pollution, dam-building, logging, development in estuaries, and over fishing. In addition, parasites and genetic mixing with escaped hatchery fish have caused alarm about the health of remaining salmon stocks.

So far, the Kol and Kekhta rivers have been declared reserves, and seven more rivers in Kamchatka are under review. The govern-ment hopes to grant protection during 2007 or 2008. The plan is ambitious, and Russia’s endemic corruption could render the pro-tection meaningless. Just weeks after the announcement, authorities arrested poachers with more than 18 tons of illegally harvested salmon eggs, sign of a thriving black market. “The question is, Will the Russian govern-ment have the resources – financial, person-nel, and political – to properly manage these large protected areas?” says WCS fisheries sci-entist Dan Erickson.

REFUGE FOR SALMON IN RUSSIAN FAR EAST

may/april 2007 7

Two men dressed as jaguars circle each other and growl, trying to bring rain to a village on the Pacific coast of Mexico. A Mayan farmer in Belize finds jaguar tracks near his thatched hut, and ties his dog inside for the night. A Guahibo shaman in Venezuela paints his face with black spots, then snorts a powerful narcotic through a hollow jaguar bone. A cowboy in the Brazil-ian Pantanal examines the fresh remains of a cow, looking for characteristic puncture wounds or chipped vertebrae that will tell him a jaguar is prowling the area. These modern-day events, seemingly unrelated, are tied to a cultural heritage that thrived in pre-Columbian empires of the Americas. These are the people of the jaguar, connected by a powerful cultural thread binding them to their ancestors, to one another, and to the world’s third largest cat.

connecting the dotssaving the jaguar throughout its range.

by Alan Rabinowitz

The jaguar’s fossil history spans nearly 1.5 million years. A larger version of today’s cat once ranged as far north as Washington State. But as the species’ distribution and body size decreased over time, this secretive, robustly built cat entered the twentieth century roaming unbroken forests and shrub lands from the southwestern United States through the dry pampas of Argentina. The technology boom of the 1900s brought inventions such as the airplane, the tractor, the auto-mobile, and the rocket, and created a huge demand for many of Earth’s natural resources as well as a greater ability to get at and extract these resources. The forests of the jaguar came under siege.

By the 1960s, environmental degradation and decades of harvesting spotted cat skins for the North American and European fashion indus-tries had decimated many jaguar populations. In 1969 alone, nearly 10,000 jaguar skins valued at more than $1.5 million were imported into the U.S. By the time most of the jaguar range countries outlawed the trade, during the 1970s, sharp declines in jaguar numbers were noted from areas where the cats had once been abundant. Meanwhile, Latin America’s human population was growing faster than that of any other region except Africa.

Of the world’s four great cats—tiger, lion, jaguar, and leopard—the jaguar is the least studied, the most elusive, and, in many ways, the most problematic. Until recently, scientists could not even guess at the cats’ numbers, but the people who encountered jaguars—usually through conflicts with livestock or pets—always believed there were too many. In fact, in most areas, jaguar numbers were steadily declin-ing, as habitats were shrinking and prey populations were heavily hunted, forcing more jaguars into contact with people and livestock.

In 1999, realizing that scientists knew little more about jaguars than when I had first studied them in the jungles of Belize 20 years

earlier, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) held a workshop that brought together more than two dozen experts from throughout the jaguar’s range. Using Global Information System (GIS) technology, we developed detailed maps of existing jaguar habitat. We also pooled our knowledge to determine where good jaguar populations still existed, assess the most significant threats to the species, and devise a strat-egy to mitigate those threats and to protect important populations throughout the cat’s wide range.

The bad news quickly became evident. During the last 100 years, more than half of the jaguar’s habitat had been obliterated. Central America had lost 65 percent of its forest cover, and Brazil 58 percent. The cats had disappeared from North America. Latin America had one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world, and the attitudes of local people had changed little. Jaguars were viewed as dangerous pred-ators and inveterate cattle killers to be shot on sight.

But there was also good news, and cause for optimism. Jaguar populations persisted in scores of areas from Mexico to Argentina, in habitat that was mostly intact, though often unprotected. We called these areas Jaguar Conservation Units (JCUs). And while livestock depredation and outright killing of jaguars remained two of the most persistent threats to jaguar survival, we now had the technology and methods to more accurately study jaguars and to help lessen conflicts with livestock.

Out of that workshop, the WCS Jaguar Conservation Program was born. Within a few years, we had carried out exploratory surveys, population estimates, and ecological research in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil. We also launched experimental projects with ranchers to resolve jaguar-live-stock issues in the Brazilian Pantanal, the Venezuelan llanos, the Beliz-

8 wildlife conservation

may/april 2007 9

ean rain forest, and Mexico’s Sonoran Desert. A jaguar education cur-riculum was developed in Spanish, and a small grant program funded young nationals who wanted to help conserve their country’s jaguars and at the same time advance their careers.

But the longer we worked on jaguars, the more reports of jaguar conflicts and the more requests for assistance from students, ranchers, local farmers, and government agencies crossed my desk. Jaguars were popping up in some unlikely sites, not always near designated JCUs.

One day, I sat in my office pinpointing jaguar locations on a map of the cat’s range. Then, as if playing a game, I started connecting the dots. When I was finished, I realized what we all had been missing.

My thoughts went back to 1997, when a study of the skull charac-teristics used for nearly a hundred years to separate jaguars into eight subspecies found that jaguars are, in fact, structurally alike through-out their range. Two years later, at the time of our workshop, DNA research conclusively showed that jaguars had not yet diverged into any discrete subspecies. The implication of such data is that jaguars, despite gross loss of habitat and continual persecution, are the only widely dis-tributed large carnivore species in the world that has not fragmented into isolated, self-contained populations in any part of its range. There is only one jaguar out there. The question is, why?

Simulation models show that, in a population of only 20 mammals, genetic exchange from just a few outside individuals per decade is enough to increase the probability of that population’s survival. The same experiment showed that in a population of 50 jaguars, genetic exchange from only one jaguar every 100 years preserved genetic integ-rity better than did a single, isolated population of 100 jaguars. Clearly, a few dispersing jaguars over a long period of time could maintain genetic continuity and prevent isolation between the populations.

In 1993, reports of jaguars occasionally swimming across the Panama Canal were borne out by track evidence on Barro Colorado Island. In 1996, a rancher in southern Arizona, thinking his dogs had cornered a puma, grabbed his camera and photographed a jaguar. That photograph led to the discovery of a small jaguar population in the Sonoran state of Mexico, which had been completely off the experts’ radar screen. We quickly realized that some jaguars were traveling long distances from Mexico into the seemingly inhospitable desert habitat of the southwestern U.S. This was no anomaly. State game agencies had decades of reports of regular, though infrequent, visits by jaguars to the United States-Mexico border.

Sitting at my desk, I stared at the dots I had just connected. I thought about jaguars walking the beaches of Costa Rica, wander-ing the mangrove swamps of Mexico, moving through citrus planta-tions in Belize, crossing high mountain passes in the Andes, and living in the harsh Chaco region of Bolivia. Hunters believe that jaguars wander long distances through almost any kind of habitat. When the last jaguar was killed in California in 1955, American naturalist Aldo Leopold estimated the cat had traveled at least 500 miles from its home.

Genetic uncertainty strongly affects extinction in animal popula-tions. I realized that we had an unprecedented opportunity to guar-antee the survival of the jaguar. While I had been focusing our efforts on JCUs—known jaguar populations in areas with relatively abundant prey and largely intact habitat—I had ignored the mostly human-dominated landscapes between these sites. With no clear genetic diver-gence detected between populations throughout the cats’ range, I could

assume that at least some jaguars were using these landscapes—dispers-ing through everything from citrus plantations to village gardens.

We decided to refocus the WCS Jaguar Conservation Program and call it Paseo Tigre—the Path of the Jaguar—to connect the dots in the field, so to speak. The goal is lofty, but to settle for anything less is to cheat the jaguar out of its best chance for survival.

The most important component of Paseo Tigre is still the JCUs. But in addition to identifying, surveying, and protecting these pop-ulations, whether on public or private lands, we want to know how jaguars move between the JCUs.

We know what jaguars need: occasional access to water, some degree of forest cover, and prey species that can range from peccaries to armadillos. We also know that jaguars can live close to people, but they generally avoid large open areas and sites of high human density.

A consensus among jaguar experts produced six landscape features that most affect jaguar presence and movement: habitat type, percent of tree and shrub cover, elevation, human densities, human settle-ments, and roads. This allowed us to map the broader landscape over which jaguars can potentially move throughout their range. Then we subdivided each landscape feature into categories (the percentage of tree or shrub cover, for example) in order to fine-tune the landscape and delineate the most highly probable dispersal corridors that jaguars actually use to travel between neighboring JCUs.

By August 2005, after more than a year of work and consulta-tion, the maps are finished. I sit mesmerized by the huge swath of green representing the potential landscape over which jaguars can move, and the narrower yellow corridors connecting JCUs. While

good jaguar habitat has decreased more than 50 percent during the last century, the potential for the dispersal of jaguars is still exten-sive, only 16 percent smaller than the cat’s historic range. And while jaguar numbers have decreased markedly, we know of at least 52 JCUs with more than 800,000 square miles of habitat. We already have completed more than 40 surveys. We have assisted cattle ranch-ers in four countries via ongoing outreach programs. And there are scores of passionate young grantees studying jaguars.

My elation is short-lived, however. A closer look at the maps reveals serious potential holes in the animals’ dispersal routes. Jaguar move-ment through parts of Mexico, Panama, and Colombia is clearly a problem, and the connections to some crucial JCUs, such as the Bra-zilian Pantanal, are extremely tenuous. We need to immediately inves-tigate these areas.

There are years of fieldwork ahead: surveying, monitoring, and refining our data sets for the JCUs and the landscapes connecting them. Working closely with the WCS Latin America staff and other NGOs (non-governmental organizations), we must set up more pro-tected areas, investigate land purchases and conservation easements, work with local communities within the jaguar corridors, incorporate jaguar education as part of school curricula, and bring the governments of 17 countries on board with the idea of formally recognizing jaguar corridors as part of strategic planning for national land-use policies.

On a warm summer evening in New York City, I sit at dinner with Carlos Manuel Rodriguez Echandi, Minister of the Environment and Energy for the Republic of Costa Rica. A fervent conservationist and jaguar lover, he is a major force behind new protected areas and schemes to sustainably use his country’s natural resources. He listens intently as I lay out the idea of Paseo Tigre. When I finish, he leans back and looks thoughtful. He knows my unasked question, is it pos-sible?

“This is good,” he says finally, nodding his head and smiling. “With your help, Costa Rica will be the first to set this up. Then we will con-vince others that this must be done.”

Of the world’s four great cats—tiger, lion, jaguar, and leopard—the jaguar is the least studied, the most elusive, and, in many ways, the most problematic.

Alan Rabinowitz is director of the WCS Science and Exploration Program. In our October 2005 issue, he wrote about setting up the world’s largest tiger reserve in Myanmar.

may/april 2007 11

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may/april 2007 13

PRAIRIE WOLVES IN THE PALMETTOS

Lean and tall with a shaved head, Troy Hershberger squats to inspect an almost perfectly round, two-foot-wide circle of sand. A white, silver-dollar-size disk—a fatty acid scent bait—lies dead-center in the sand patch, emitting an odor that, while not easily detected by humans, screams “Fast food!” to local wild carnivores. This is Scent Station 23, one of 52 such patches Hershberger has set up across the wildlife para-dise better known as the Avon Park Air Force Range. On the 106,000-acre range, 60 miles southeast of Tampa, Florida, bombing practice,

By Howard Youth

The adaptable coyote pushes farther south in the Sunshine State

military maneuvers, cattle ranching, and con-servation projects all occur in a mosaic of pine flatwoods, dry prairies, Florida scrub, cut-throat grass seeps, and wetlands abutting the Kissimmee River.remains of a cow, looking for characteristic puncture wounds or chipped vertebrae that will tell him a jaguar is prowl-ing the area. These modern-day events, seem-ingly unrelated, are tied to a cultural heri-tage that thrived in pre-Columbian empires of the Americas. These are the people of the jaguar, connected by a powerful cultural thread binding them to their ancestors, to one another, and to the world’s third largest cat.

wildlife conservation14

Above: Coyotes fight while the is black female substantially wounded.

“This place is as close to pristine as this area of Florida gets these days,” says Hershberger, a biologist with the U.S. Department of Agri-culture’s Wildlife Services. Surrounding us are slash pine groves car-peted with spiny saw palmetto that bustle with bird sounds—brown-headed nuthatch squeaks, pine warbler trills, and eastern towhee drink-your-teas. With such varied habitat, it’s no wonder that within days of preparing the stations, Hershberger sees plenty of gray fox, bobcat, spotted skunk, and raccoon tracks in the sun-baked sand. But he also sees more and more signs of the new predator on the block. Tipping back the brim of his baseball cap, he points to two plum-size dimples in the sand. “Coyote tracks. See the oval profiles and how the front two toenails are so close together?”

Range biologist Marian Lichtler kneels next to Hershberger and nods. The two work together at Avon Park to assess the collision risks posed by wildlife to Navy aircraft and how best to manage the property for its federal- and state-listed threatened and endangered species. These species include the rare Florida subspecies of grasshop-per sparrow, the red-cockaded woodpecker, the Florida scrub jay, the Florida scrub lizard, and the Florida deer mouse. They want to know how the coyote will fit into the ecosystem.

This is not the first scent survey staged on the property. Between 1999 and 2001, the same 52 locations averaged 25.2 percent visita-tion by coyotes—meaning about a quarter of the sites registered coyote tracks—well above averages in other parts of the state, except for the coyote-saturated northwest. On the first day of checking his 2006 baits, Hershberger was already up to 22.4 percent. (Later, he told me that on the fifth and last day of the survey, he registered a record 34.7 percent—coyotes had checked out more than one-third of the scent stations.)

Biologist David Starr Jordan thumbnailed the coyote in 1929 in his Manual of the Vertebrate Animals of the Northeastern United States. “Coyote. Prairie Wolf. Common on the Great Plains, burrowing in the ground. A vagabond, dog-like animal, half bold and half timid, yet lazy all through.” At the time, people were sighting coyotes as far east as Illinois. A revision of Jordan’s book 77 years later would list the “vaga-bond” as living throughout the United States, except for Hawaii, across much of Canada, and as far south as Panama. And although it is risky

may/april 2007 15

wildlife conservation16

to pin human traits on other animals, in the wake of one of the most rapid expansions of any carnivore, coyotes seem anything but lazy.

For a century, they have been advancing their range, helped by deforestation, which provided the open areas and edges they favor, and by the eradication of the gray and the red wolf, their larger com-petitors. Along with the eastern cottontail, the white-tailed deer, and the raccoon, the coyote is one of the most widespread mammals in the East. And now, this adaptable animal is filling in the remaining gaps, with recent first appearances in Washington, D.C. and southern Florida.

The coyote’s presence in the Sunshine State is news to many Florid-ians. “When we surveyed more than two hundred University of South Florida [USF] students, most didn’t know coyotes were in the state. Those that did had a negative attitude toward them,” says Denara Manning, a USF graduate student studying the diet and intestinal par-asites of coyotes in Florida’s most urbanized county, Pinellas. Over the years, scattered reports of the escape or release of captive coyotes sur-faced in Florida, but few dispute that the coyote’s proliferation can be traced to the forays of wild canid pioneers from Alabama and Georgia. By the late 1970s, coyotes had settled into the northern part of Florida. Today, they live in 65 of the state’s 67 counties.

As happens with fish tales, the more people talk about coyotes moving in, the larger and more ominous they seem to grow. “A big

[eastern] coyote weighs thirty-five to forty pounds—a medium-size dog at best. It is not a wolf,” says Martin Main, a wildlife ecologist and associate professor at the University of Florida. Main often finds himself cutting the coyote down to size for Floridians worried about their new wild neighbors.

The burning question is, Will the coyote turn into a big-time calf predator in central Florida’s cattle country? At Avon Park, Marian Lichtler doesn’t hear much about coyotes from the eight or nine ranch-ers who lease grazing allotments across much of the Air Force range. “They’re much more likely to come to me to complain about the ’gators or feral dogs taking calves rather than coyotes at this point,” she says. “So far, coyote attacks on Florida livestock are not commonplace. That could change as coyotes grow more abundant.”

According to Main, however, “Coyotes will not be the death knell for the livestock industry.” But he adds, “They’re also not going to be eliminated.”

It was Main who developed the scent-survey protocols Hershberger uses at Avon Park. Main devised this technique in an effort to map the coyote’s Florida-wide presence from 1997 to 2004. In talking to Florida ranchers, he documented increased reports of coyote attacks on cattle (primarily calves) from 1992 to 1997, with most attacks occur-ring between November and April, when cows calve in Florida pas-tures. Main agrees with other biologists who recommend that control

Along with the eastern cottontail, the white-tailed deer, and the raccoon,

the coyote is one of the most widespread mammals in the East.

may/april 2007 17

efforts pinpoint problem coyotes rather than reverting to the “only good coyote is a dead coyote” attitude that is so common in the West. “A general widespread control effort would be ineffective and expen-sive,” he says. “If you’re not losing calves to coyotes and you kill coyotes holding territories, new coyotes will move in. These new coyotes may have already learned to kill calves.”

Main believes coyotes have a role to play in Florida ecosystems, one that may affect other species for better or worse. “Anytime you have an opportunistic predator, if they have the opportunity to kill endangered species, it doesn’t matter, to them it looks like lunch,” says Main, who has gathered reports of coyotes killing burrowing owls and digging up sea turtle nests on northern Florida beaches.

Although they do eat birds, coyotes may have less impact on their populations because the canids often occur at lower densities than do smaller predators. “I think in general coyotes will bring some ecological balance to natural systems by helping to control ’possums, raccoons, foxes, and other smaller-size predators,” says Main. Feral or house cats, for example, often wind-up on the coyote’s menu. “Florida has mil-lions of free-ranging cats,” he adds. “We’re also a pipeline for many Neotropical migrant birds. For every exhausted bird that lands on the ground, there’s a hungry cat nearby. By killing cats, coyotes will prob-ably help bird populations.”

The ecological impact of the coyote’s quiet march into Florida may

not be clearly understood for decades. “It’s a huge ecological experi-ment in which we have the chance to get data from the start,” sums up Main. As information flows in from the efforts of biologists like Hershberger, the picture will come into sharper focus.

Hershberger takes me to see Scent Station 16, positioned along a dirt road in the heart of one of Florida’s most threatened habitats, Florida scrub—a head-high, thick tangle of runner and scrub oak, wax myrtle, and gallberry. Oval coyote tracks pock the circular sand patch. A few feet away, Hershberger and Lichtler spot a scat bound with rabbit fur, probably left by a bobcat.

“With this new coyote population coming in, it’ll be interesting to follow how this major predator may affect the ecosystem, especially the endangered species,” Hershberger says. With the scent stations up and running, he will soon turn his attention to detailed studies of the coyote’s diet and an investigation into which animals eat the eggs and young of the endangered Florida grasshopper sparrow, for which Avon Park is a last refuge. Is the coyote an added challenge to this struggling ground-nesting songbird, which is already saddled with habitat loss?

As with many questions swirling around the stealthy, spreading coyote, accusations can be made, but answers come only with time.

Maryland writer Howard Youth specializes in wildlife conservation issues and writes for a variety of publications.

I think in general coyotes will bring some ecological balance to natural

systems by helping to control ’possums, raccoons, foxes, and other smaller-

size predators. -Martin Main

wildlife conservation18

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HYPERLINK “mailto:info@belizelodge.com”info@belizelodge.com*CANADA ROCKY MOUNTAINS Unique and award winning all-season eco-lodge near Banff National Park.www.aurumlodge.com

*”GREEN” HOTELS ASSOCIATIONHotels working to save water,save energy & reduce solid waste to help protect the beautiful destinations we all love to visit.www.greenhotels.com

JAGUAR REEF LODGECome to Belize and experience a world of possibilities from one location!www.jaguarreef.com

denotes environmentally friendly

JEWELRYEARTHLY DESIGNSExotic Bird and Wildlife Jewelrywww.earthlydesigns.net

SEAWEARWonderful Jewelry & Wedding Rings Depicting Nautical Day-dreams & Marine Sea Life www.seawear.com

SUMICHE JEWELRY CO.Fair trade sustainably mined gold and platinum. Custom rings and fine jewelry. www.eco-gold.net

PERSONALIZED .925 STERLING SILVER ANY NAME NECKLACESHandmade in a variety of designs including a dog, horse, and dolphin theme. www.wow-imports.com

MAGAZINESGREEN LIGHT MAGAZINEThe Magazine Handbook for Living Lightly on the Earth. www.greenlight.com

NATURALHOME MAGAZINEwww.naturalhomemagazine.com

OCEAN MAGAZINEOCEAN magazine publishes articles, stories, poems and photo-graphs about the world’s ocean. www.odemagazine.com

ODE MAGAZINEwww.odemagazine.com

THE POLISHING STONEwww.polishingstone.com

TRAVEL AFRICA MAGAZINE www.travelafricamag.com

WILDLIFE ARTwww.wildlifeartmag.com

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION MAGAZINEwww.wildlifeconservation.org

MARKETING & COMMUNICATIONSENN MEDIAMulti-media marcom services for enviornmentally-conscious compa-nies and non-profit organizations.www.enn.com/media

HEADLINE COMMUNICATIONS INC.A full service marketing & communications firm specializing in museum audience devlopment. HYPERLINK “mailto:info@headlinecommunications.net”info@headlinecommunications.netwww.headlinecommunications.net

MERCHANDISEANIMAL LOVER GIFTSWildlife T-shirts, stuffed animals, mouse pads, and more wild gift items for the carnivore lover.www.wildcarnivore.com

COYOTE GRAPHICS-T-shirtsT-Shirts for the wild side www.coyotees.com

MERCHANDISEEARTH SUN MOONIt ain’t easy bein’ green. We can help make it easier with Ts that plant trees.EarthSunMoon.com or call 800-516-2584. Use code WC11106D10 for 10% off your order. www.EarthSunMoon.com

ECOCHOICES NATURAL LIVING STORECreate a Naturally Healthy Homewww.ecochoices.com

ECOMALLwww.ecomall.com

EGLIN WILDLIFE PHOTOGRAPHYGreeting Cards www.eglinpix.com

ELEPHANT PEPPER DEVELOPMENT TRUSTSpice up your life! Buy Elephant Pepper!www.elephantpepper.org

ENDANGERED WILDLIFE.COMemail: HYPERLINK “mailto:mail@endangeredwildlife.com”mail@endangeredwildlife.comwww.EndangeredWildlife.com

www.Firststreetonline.com

FISHER-PRICEFisher-Price enriches the lives of families with young children through unparalleled creativity and innovation.www.fisher-price.com

FRIENDS IN THE WILD“Wildlife gifts for all ages”www.friendsinthewild.com

MERCHANDISEFUJI PHOTO FILM U.S.A. FUJI PHOTO FILM U.S.A., supports programs that enhance the quality of life and educates others about the importance of endan-gered species and the environment. www.fujifilm.com

GREENLOOPThe premier source for modern, stylish, green fashion and organic bodycare. www.thegreenloop.com

HOLIDAY STOCKING COMPANYHandmade Christmas and Hanukkah stockings. Free personaliza-tion and shipping. Orders placed through the end of October will receive a free gift!www.holidaystockingco.com

INDOOR & OUTDOOR ANIMAL FIGURINES10% discount to WCS Subscribers www.giftsok.com

email: HYPERLINK “mailto:sales@giftsok.com”sales@giftsok.comNATURAL PLAY. COMNatural Toys www.NaturalPlay.com

NEXTTEN.COM

OOMINGMAK HAND-KNITS www.qiviut.come-mail: HYPERLINK “mailto:oomingmak@qiviut.com”oomingmak@qiviut.com

MERCHANDISEROLEXwww.rolex.com

TNC ENTERPRISES www.tncenterprises.net/wcs.html

THE SHOE SHINE KITLeather Care Productswww.shoeshinekit.com

WALLS OF THE WILDWild Animal Wallcoveringshttp://www.wallsofthewild.com

WILD ANIMAL STICKERSWild animal wall decorations that allow you to bring the zoo home. www.WildAnimalStickers.com

MISCELLANEOUSAUDUBONBirdathon!www.audubon.org/bird/birdathon

AUSTRALIAN KOALA FOUNDATIONNGO Dedicated to Saving the Koalawww.savethekoala.com

HESSwww.hess.com

NATIONAL ARBOR DAY FOUNDATION

wildlife conservation20

MUSEUMSMANN WILDLIFE LEARNING MUSEUM AT THE MONTGOMERY ZOOMontgomery, AL www.mannmuseum.com

NEW YORK HALL OF SCIENCEQueens, New York 11368www.nyscience.o

TRAVEL/TOURISMADVENTURE CANADA Specializing in small ship expeditions to the Canadian Arctic, Green-land Arctic, Greenland, Scotland, Norway, and the Galapagos. www.adventurecanada.com

ADVENTURE LIFE JOURNEYS South & Central America www.adventure-life.com

AFRICA ADVENTURE COMPANY www.africa-adventure.com

AFRICAN HORIZONSSafaris and Tours www.africanhorizons.com

AFRICAN PORTFOLIO Specialists in creating unique, educational and affordable tours and safaris for adventure and wildlife enthusiasts www.onsafari.com

WEB DESIGNRAVEN CREATIVEWeb Development & Content Managementwww.ravencreative.com

WEBB COMMUNICATIONSWeb Site Development, E-commerce & Graphic Designwww.sitespan.com

ZOOS & AQUARIUMSABILENE ZOOLOGICAL GARDENSAbilene, Texaswww.abilenetx.com/zoo

AQUARIUM OF THE PACIFICLong Beach, California www.aquariumofpacific.org

Baton Rouge ZooBaker, Louisiana www.brzoo.org

BERMUDA AQUARIUM MUSEUM & ZOOwww.bamz.org

BREVARD ZOOMelbourne, Florida www.brevardzoo.org

BRONX ZOOBronx, New Yorkwww.bronxzoo.com

VIDEOSAWARD-WINNING STOCK FOOTAGE for professionals at WWW.COVEBEAR.COM

VOLUNTEERSGREEN VOLUNTEERS www.greenvolunteers.org

TRAVEL/TOURISM

AFRICA SAFARI SPECIALISTS Safaris off the beaten track www.Safaris.com

AFRICAN SILVER SAFARISwww.gorillaadventures.com

AMAZONIA EXPEDITIONSCustomized itineraries offered from award-winning wilderness rainforest lodge http://www.perujungle.com

BIRDING and ECO TOURSwww.african-silver-safaris.com

BLUE CHAMELEON ADVENTURES Madagascar Ecotour Specialists www.bluechameleon.orgBRONX TROLLEY TOUR Free Trolley Tour to Cultural Attrac-tions in the Bronx www.nyc.gov/parks

CHURCHILL NATURE TOURSSpring birdwatching, summer whale watching and fall polar bear safaris in marvellous Manitobawww.churchillnaturetours.com

WWW.DELTA.COMDREAM TEAMVisit The Dolphins www.dolphindreamteam.com

GO SOUTH ADVENTURES Galapagos, Machu Picchu, Costa Rica, Patagonia . . . and more. Your spirit, our adventures. www.go-south-adventures.com

INTERNATIONAL VENTURES www.InternationalVentures.com

INTREPID TRAVEL Small group eco-tours and adventures worldwide. 866-847-8192 www.intrepidtravel.com

KARIBA HOUSEBOAT SAFARIS Private guided walks with Black Rhinos in Matusadona National Park www.karibahouseboats.com

TRAVEL/TOURISM

PAPUA NEW GUINEA TRAVEL www.pngtravel.com

RIVER ODYSSEYS WESTOne- to six-day wilderness rafting and canoeing trips to Idaho, Montana & Oregon. www.ROWadventures.comdventures.com

SAFARI YELLOWSTONE AND GRAND TETON Yellowstone’s premier Wildlife Safari Company. 1-7 day private safaris. Wolves, Bears, Wildlife, Hikes, History and More! www.safariyellowstone.com

SOJOURNS IN NATURE Nature Tours & Photo Workshops www.SojournsInNature.com

SPRINGFIELD MISSOURI CONVENTION AND VISITORS BUREAU www.cvb.springfieldmo.org

WALKING SAFARIS – ZAMBIA Small (6) group walking safaris with top guides in the real Africa. www.sengwa.com

NON-PROFIT CONSERVATIONINTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR ENDANGERED CATSwww.wildcatconservation.org

SAVE THE MANATEE CLUBThe world’s leading nonprofit manatee conservation organization. For more information go to: www.savethemanatee.org

THE GROUNDED EAGLE FOUNDATIONRaptor rehabilitation and conservation.www.groundedeaglefoundation.org

PHOTOGRAPHERSKATE MARSHALL GRAPHICS, INC.Wildlife stock footage for professionals from award-winning docu-mentary producers for programming and commercials.www.covebear.com

ROY TOFT PHOTOGRAPHYWildlife & Adventure Photography, Assignments, Stock, Tours & Workshopswww.toftphoto.com

SPIRIT OF THE ISLANDS PHOTOGRAPHYIsland Photography Focusing on Hawaiiwww.spiritoftheislands.com

WOLF P. WEBERStock & Virtual Gallerywww.wolfp.com

may/april 2007 21

ZOOS & AQUARIUMS

BUFFALO ZOOLOGICAL GARDENSBuffalo, New Yorkwww.buffalozoo.org

CAMERON PARK ZOOWaco, Texaswww.waco-texas.com

CAPRON PARK ZOOAttleboro, Massachusetts www.capronparkzoo.com

COMO ZOO AND CONSERVATORY SOCIETYwww.comozooconservatory.org

CONNECTICUT’S BEARDSLEY ZOOBridgeport, Connecticut www.beardsleyzoo.org

CENTRAL PARK ZOONew York, New York www.centralparkzoo.com

CLEVELAND METROPARKS ZOO Cleveland, Ohio www.clemetzoo.com

CONNECTICUT’S BEARDSLEY ZOOBridgeport, Connecticut www.beardsleyzoo.org

DICKERSON PARK ZOOSpringfield, Missouri www.dickersonparkzoo.org

EL PASO ZOOEl Paso Texas www.elpasozoo.org

GREAT LAKES AQUARIUMDuluth, Minnesotawww.glaquarium.org

ZOOS & AQUARIUMSINDIANAPOLIS ZOOIndianapolis, Indianawww.indianapoliszoo.com

JACKSON ZOOJackson, Mississippi www.jacksonzoo.com

JACKSONVILLE ZOOJacksonville, Florida www.jaxzoo.org

JOHN BALL ZOOGrand Rapids, Michiganwww.co.kent.mi.us/zoo

LINCOLN CHILDREN’S ZOOLincoln, Nebraskawww.lincolnzoo.org

London ZooZoological Society of London www.londonzoo.co.uk

Louisville Zoological GardensLouisville, Kentucky www.louisvillezoo.org

Miami MetrozooMiami, Floridawww.co.miami-dade.fl.us/parks/metrozoo.htm

Micke Grove ZooLodi, California www.mgzoo.com

Montgomery ZooMontgomery, Alabama www.montgomeryzoo.com

Naples Zoo at Caribbean Gardenswww.napleszoo.com

New York AquariumBrooklyn, New York www.nyaquarium.com

Omaha’s Henry Doorly ZooOmaha, Nebraska www.omahazoo.com

Palm Beach Zoo at Dreher ParkWest Palm Beach, Florida www.palmbeachzoo.org

ZOOS & AQUARIUMS

Potter Park Zoological GardensLansing, Michigan www.potterparkzoo.org

Prospect Park ZooBrooklyn, New York www.prospectparkzoo.com

Queens ZooQueens, New York www.queenszoo.com

Racine Zoological GardensRacine, Wisconsin www.racinezoo.org

Riverbanks Zoo & GardensColumbia, South Carolinawww.riverbanks.org

Riverside ZooScottsbluff, Nebraskawww.riversidezoo.org

Rosamond Gifford Zoo at Burnet ParkSyracuse, New Yorkwww.rosamondgiffordzoo.org

Sacramento ZooSacramento, Californiawww.saczoo.org

Saint Louis ZooSt. Louis, Missouriwww.stlzoo.org

San Antonio ZooSan Antonio, Texaswww.sazoo-aq.org

Tautphaus Park ZooIdaho Falls, Idahowww.netib.com/vbc/ifz10252

Whipsnade Wild Animal ParkZoological Society of London www.whipsnade.co.uk

Wildlife Conservation SocietyBronx, New York www.wcs.org

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