Study on Offshore Wind Energy

By

A.R.PALANIVELRAJAN

Reg No : 1467006

Why Wind Energy ?

• It is a Renewable Energy source, through which clean power generation can be done without any emission of the carbon monoxide and others polluting gases.

• Types of Wind Energy :• Land based wind energy

• Sea based wind energy

Scope of the Review Paper

• To focus on the offshore wind energy technology which is still under development in countries which primarily use wind energy for power production.

• To focus on various parameter related to determination of offshore wind farm.

• To focus on the advantages of offshore wind farms over that of land wind farms.

Contd..

• Brief discussion of World offshore wind energy development in aspects of wind farm size, Turbine capacity.

• Annual increase in the offshore wind energy in the European countries seashores.

• Increase in investment offshore wind energy throughout the years European Renewable Energy Market.

Contd..

• Indian scenario of offshore wind energy.

• what are the research going on offshore wind farm generation in India.

• Locations which are selected in India for the formation of offshore wind farms.

• Offshore wind energy development in India – Relevant issues

• Policies of Indian Government regarding Offshore wind energy.

Parameter considered in offshore wind farm

• Few major factors considered in the review paper:• Roughness

• Turbulence

• Bathymetry

• Wind speed

Turbine selection standards

• The turbine selection for each wind farm is done on standards given by International Electro technical committee (IEC)

• The selection of wind turbines for the offshore wind farms is done on IEC 64100-03.

• IEC 64100-03 gives the criteria to be considered on selection of turbines with respect to load generation etc.,.

• Further more interactions between the turbine and the different loads like wave etc., are also to be considered.

Foundation

• The wind turbines require foundation for being stable on sea water.

• The foundation analysis is made on the type of sea bed , class of turbine used , cost involved and considering all the loads acting on the wind turbine.

• Foundation making is one area where still research is done to obtain much more safe and cost effective foundations.

Types of foundations

• Gravity structures

• Monopoles

• Guyed monopoles

• Tripods

• Braced lattice Frames

• Floating tension leg

Foundation design considerations

• Loads considerate in foundation selection:• 1. Design loads

• 2. Permanent loads

• 3. Variable loads

• 4. Environmental loads

• Wind loading site

• Hydrodynamic loads

• Loads from currents

• Seismic loads

Best suited turbines for offshore

• List of few offshore turbines with manufacturer and IEC class is given below :• MHI VESTAS V164-8.0MW , IEC Class S

• SIEMENS SWT-6.0-154 ,  IEC Class I

• GAMESA G128-5.0MW/G132-5.0MW , IEC: Class IB/S

• SENVION 6.2M152, IEC Class S

• ALSTOM HALIADE 150-6MW, IEC Class IB

Indian offshore scenario

• C-WET has measured near shore wind data at 54 locations along the coast.

• Preliminary studies by CWET and Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad suggest potential along Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Maharashtra coasts.

• Scottish Development International’s study done in January, 2012 has indicated potential of 1GW each at Kanniyakumari and North of Rameshwaram.

• These results required validation by setting up of offshore masts to measure 23 years wind data. CWET to carry out 100m anemometry at Dhanuskodi, Rameshwaram (near the sea).

Contd.,

• Ministry new and renewable energy acts as a nodal ministry which is the governing body in policy making , providing clearance for offshore wind farm and also monitoring in association CERC and SERC’s.

• This nodal ministry provides incentives for the renewable projects.

• It also monitors that where the Turbine is installed and whether it will not cause any problem to sea transportation and doesn’t affect the Aquatic life's when laying of power cables etc.

Disadvantages

• High initial cost involved in construction of the sea substation for power transmission.

• Laying of power cables can affect the under sea environment.

• If laid in region of ship and boats pass through can cause accidents happening which is to considered as least disadvantage.

Advantages of offshore wind farms

• Low turbulence and roughness.

• Higher power generation with low wind speeds.

• Sea wind always being optimum level of wind speeds, so there is always presence of wind which is not so in land based wind farms.

Thank you