wireless systems technology overview
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Wireless Systems
Appendix AWireless Technologies
Tomasz Halapacz
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Wireless Technologies
Wireless Personal Area Networks
Wireless Local Area Network
Wireless Metropolitan AreaNetwork
Wireless Wide Area Network
Varies in terms of transmissionrange
Up to 1m
from 1m to 10m
From 10 to 500m
From 500 to 20-50 km
Beyond 50km
WWAN
802.16e-802.20
WMAN
802.16
WLAN
802.11
WPAN
802.15
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Image Source:
http://static.commentcamarche.net/en.kioskea.net/pictures/wireless-images-wpan-wlan-wman-wwan.png
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WPANs
Low cost
Low power
Short distance
High Data Rate
Peer discovery is essential
Initially adopted Bluetooth but inefficient
UltraWideband is promising:
broader spectrum, lower power, and pulseddata
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WPAN
Bluetooth
ZigBee
Infrared
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WLAN
A WLAN provides a wider range of connectivity withhigher data rate than that of WPAN and WBAN Infrastructure mode: requires an AP and provide access to
Internet backbone Ad hoc mode: peer-to-peer communication
Typical applications: hot spots, buildings
Requirements of a WLAN
High capacity Full connectivity among the attached nodes Broadcasting capability
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WLAN
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WMAN
WMAN provides a broadband andfast access (higher data rate) witheven wider range than that of WLAN
IEEE802.16: WIMAX Support multiple services simultaneously
with QoS
IPv4, IPv6, ATM, ETHERNET Support multiple frequency allocation
(2-66GHz)
Point-to-multipoint topology with meshextension
BS is connected to public networks
BS serves subscriber stations (building,residence)
Link adaptation
Support for advanced antenna systems
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Wireless Medium
Remote connectivity anywhere
Radio waves Sattelites
Microwave
Laser [free space optics]
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Wireless uses
Common examples of wireless devicesinclude:
Cellular phones and pagers
Global positioning systems (GPS)
Cordless computer peripherals
Home-entertainment
Two-way radios
Satellite television
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Wireless vs Mobile
Mobile means the technology cantravel with the user, but it is notnecessarily in real-time(Rumney, 2009
Wireless gives users a live (Internet)
connection via satellite or radiotransmitters (Holma, 2010)
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MOBILITY ASPECTS
FIXED
NOMADIC
MOBILE can be accessed everywhere
Image Source: http://www.hyperarts.com/san-francisco-bay-area-design-company/_img/broadstorm_lg.jpg
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Introduction to MOBILE
BROADBAND
Mobile broadband
High speed data service
Mobility
BroadBand
Mobile Broadband also known as 3G
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Voice +High-speed
data
Background
1G
2G
2.5G
3G
voice
voice + data
voice and data simultaneously
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Background
CDMAcode division multiple access
Popular in USA
3GPP2
GSMglobal system for mobilecommunications
Popular in Europe
3GPP
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Technology Technologies used in Mobile
Broadband 2G - GSM
GPRS2.5G
EDGE2.75G
3G UMTS/WCDMA
HSPA
LTE3.5G
4G? Mobile WiMAX
LTE-Advanced(3GPP, 2010)
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3G/UMTS/WCDMA
Air Interface for 3G evolution
Services Available
Music TV and video Entertainment content Internet access
offers data speeds up to 384kb/s alongwith voice services.
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HSPA/HSPA+
HSPA- High Speed Packet Access
HSDPA - High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSUPA - High Speed Uplink Packet Access
HSPA+/HSPA Evolved
Max 14.4 Mbpsdownload and
5.7MbpsUpload
up to 21Mbps
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4G
4G mobile broadband will be capable of
speeds between 100Mbps and 1Gbps
available in both outdoor and indoor
environments. 4G broadband will be fully IP-based over a
fully integrated system.
http://www.laptopmag.com/uploadedImages/Multimedia_Assets/Images/2008/Advice/warpspeedwireless_sh.jpg
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WiMAX
Available today
OFDM Separate evolution
Mobility 120km/h
No roaming
LTE
UK2014
OFDM GSM Evolution (3GPP)
Mobility 350km/h
Roaming
Lower powercomsumption
LTE- Advancedup to1Gbs
www.goingwimax.com/wp-content/uploads/wimax-vs-lte1.jpg
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LTE DEPLOYMETS
blue marker to show actual deployment
red marker show commitments
LTE WORLDWIDE MAPhttp://ltemaps.org
http://ltemaps.org/http://ltemaps.org/ -
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Characteristics
User perspective:
Coverage
Capacity
Speed
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Coverage and speed
Dependants:
Distance from mobile tower
Number of people online in same area Other obstacle like tall & high buildings,
room walls & trees
You can check coverage for all of theproviders
http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/
http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2009/08/mobile-broadband-coverage-checker/ -
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Factors to consider
What you will be using mobile broadbandfor?
Download allowance
Coverage
Contract/Pay and Go?
Cost
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Providers
Vodafone mobile broadband
T-Mobile broadband Orange mobile broadband
3 mobile broadband
O2 mobile broadband
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Speed in UK
Number of Speed Tests: 11,348Average Download Speed: 1.24Mbps
http://www.broadband-expert.co.uk/broadband/speedtest/results/mobile-broadband-avera e-s eeds
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VIDEO
The Evolution of Mobile broadband byST Ericsson
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFuCrD3AGHMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFuCrD3AGHMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFuCrD3AGHMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFuCrD3AGHM -
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Introduction to Microwave
Microware transmitterusesthe atmosphere or outerspace as the transmissionmedium to send a signal to amicrowave receiver whichpasses it on to anothertransmitter or translates thesignal to some other formsuch as digital impulses.
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Microwave
Secure
Reliable
Cost effective solution for longdistance connectivity (up to 70miles)
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WiMax Overview
Enable standards-based broadbandwireless services in
residential,
commercial,
industrial
government applications
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Wimax vs Requirements for High
speed Broadband
Easy-to-use
Affordable
Works on variety user device form-factors
Supports multiple usage models
Deliver broadband experience similar tofixed
Supports different operator types
Global roaming
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Benefits
Wimax Coverage
Wimax High Speed
Multi-functionality within WimaxTechnology
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Why Wimax
Delivers wireless broadband anytime,anywhere
Internet technology from the ground up
One common standard delivers a globalplatform for mobile Internet services
Delivers the highest capacity andgreatest throughput at the lowest cost -OFDMA
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WiMAX
WiMAX - is a telecommunicationstechnology aimed at providing wirelessdata over long distances in a variety of
ways, from point-to-point links to full mobilecellular type access
A WiMAX system consists of two parts:
A WiMAX tower
A WiMAX receiver
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WiMax Connection
A WiMAX tower stationcan connect directly tothe Internet using a high-bandwidth, wired
connection (for example,a fibre line).
It can also connect toanother
WiMAX tower using a
line-of-sight, microwave link.
ttp://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/wimax-diagram.gif
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Laser Technology
Free Space Optics
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Laser Benefits
Leased line replacement
Cost Effective Fibre replacement
High bandwidths available up to 10Gigabit
Licence free operation
Cost effective solution Rapid deploymentless than a day
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Laser Disadvantages
Dispersion
Atmospheric absorption
Attenuation (rain, fog,snow,smog)
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Laser
Laser link solutions
Access range: up to 155Mbps, up to4000 metres
Gigabit range: up to 1.5Gbps, up to1500 metres
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Case Study
Siemens researchers have improvedon their own record for wireless datatransfer using white LED light. In
collaboration with the Heinrich HertzInstitute in Berlin, they have achieveda data transfer rate of up to 500
megabits per second (Mbit/s),significantly bettering the previousrecord of 200 Mbit/s
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Satellite Communication
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Sattelite Communication
Using a satellite for long distancecommunications
http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/satellite/communications_satellite/satellitecommunications-basics-tutorial.php
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SATTELITE TECHNOLOGIES
Location-based services (LBS)
GPS - Global Positioning System
GIS - Geographic information system
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Global Positioning System (GPS)
G hi i f i
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Geographic information system
(GIS)
http://appserver.mnre.go.th/portals/cict/gis/gis_service/cict_gis_service.files/gis-solutions-wheel.gif
Common GIS uses:Finding what is nearbyRouting information
Information alertsMapping densities high crime areasfor policeMapping quantities: number of similarbusinesses in an area
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Sensors
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RFID Radio frequency identification (RFID) - use active or
passive tags in the form of chips or smart labels that canstore unique identifiers and relay this information toelectronic readers
RFID tag - contains a microchip and an antenna, andtypically work by transmitting a serial number via radiowaves to an electronic reader, which confirms the
identity of a person or object bearing the tag
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Cons and Pros
Advantage: extremely low cost, largeexperience, high volume available, nopower for passive RFIDs needed, large
variety of products,
Disadvantage: no QoS, simple denial
of service,
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RFID Functionality
Function Standard: In response to a radio interrogation signal
from a reader (base station) the RFID tags transmittheir ID
Enhanced: additionally data can be sent to the tags,
different media access schemes (collision avoidance) Features
No line-of sight required (compared to, e.g., laserscanners)
RFID tags withstand difficult environmental conditions
(sunlight, cold, frost, dirt etc.) Products available with read/write memory, smart-
card capabilities
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RFID Applications
Applications Total asset visibility: tracking of goods during
manufacturing, localization of pallets, goods etc.
Loyalty cards: customers use RFID tags for
payment at, e.g., gas stations, collection ofbuying patterns
Automated toll collection: RFIDs mounted inwindshields allow commuters to drive through tollplazas without stopping
Others: access control, animal identification,tracking of hazardous material, inventory control,warehouse management, ...
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Benefit
Local Positioning Systems
GPS useless indoors or underground,
problematic in cities with high buildings
RFID tags transmit signals, receivers
estimate the tag location by measuring
the signals time of flight
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REFERENCES:
Images: