“””WITH THE NAME OF ALLAH””””

PRESENTATION

MADE BY; DR.AMNA RAO PRESENTED BY; SAHAR AKRAM

VEGETABLE ACIDSHYDROCYANIC

ACID &CYANIDES

SOURCE prepared by distilling

KCN with dilute H2SO4 Occurs in leaves of

cherry lourel,bitter almond,in kernels of cherry,peach n in bamboo shoots n in oil seeds

LEAVES OF CHERRY LOUREL

BITTER ALMONDS

BAMBOO SHOOTS

USES

Used as FLAVORING AGENT e.g cherry &almond bitter

uses• Combines with metals i.e

Na,K,Ag forming KCN etc• Used in steel

industry,photography.HCN

• As insecticideMgCN

• Used for mining purposesCaCN

MgCN CaCN

charecteristics•Pure acid is colorless,volatile liquid ,with charecteristic odor which is similar to bitter almond.

•Only used in chemical labs

•Cheaply used to fumigate house,shops,railway carriages

Hcn MODE OF ACTION: A Protoplasmic poison,interferes

with the activity of cytochrome oxidase enzymes thus preventing tissue from utilizing oxygen from blood.

Signs &Symptoms ACUTE POISONING: HCN is a rapidly acting poison which act

within a few seconds Maximum time for death is 2-10 minutes SYMPTOMS; Odour of poison from breath,confusion

anxiety,giddiness,staggering gait,pupils are dilated n don’t react to light

Loss of consciousness&short rapid inspiration.

Convulsions & rapid feeble pulse Bright, shinning and wide opened eyes of

victim

Cyanosis,cold skin,relaxation of sphincters,foam on mouth,death from respiratory failure.

HCN INHALATION causes constriction in throat and chest,dizziness,vertigo & ultimately death due to respiratory failure.

KCN SYMPTOMS: Corrosions of mouth,throat &

stomach leading to epigastric pain and vomiting.

Cyanosis of face,neck & hands Frothy foams on lips,dilated

pupils,pulse imperceptive Slow and shallow respiration Incontinance of urine Respiratory failure & ultimately

death

CORROSIONS OF MOUTH

Chronic poisoning HCN is mainly found in photography

works due to their long exposure. SYMPTOMS: Headache,vertigo,anorexia,anemia,dyspno

ea,constipation.

Fatal dose:

KCN 200mg ,HCN60mg 70-80 bitter almonds ,60 drops

almond oil Fatal period:2-10 minutes

TREATMENT 1.EMESIS; Immediately irritate the larynx leading the

patient to vomit. Warm water is used if available.

2.Antidotes: Amyl-nitrate(give inhalation for 30 seconds) Na-nitrate(1/2 to 10ml of 3%) Na-thiosulphate(slow injection,50ml 25%)

AMYL-NITRATE(antidot)

Mode of action of nitrates

NITRATES forms Met-Hb(which combines with cyanide forming cyano-met Hb ,thus enzyme is free for action)

Na-thiosulphate;inactivate cyanide by converting it into thiocyanate and so enzyme is free.

3.METHYLENE BLUE;50CC of 1% It also forms MET-Hb. Keep patient warm and give artificial

respiration and O2 inhalation. 4.KCN_POISONING: Wash stomach with KMNO4 5.IV GLUCOSE: to treat shock 6.inhaled poisoning: Give artificial respiration and O2 inhalation

Postmortem findings

External: 1.skin is bright red in colour due

to formation of cyan met-Hb & presence of unutilized O2 in blood

2.clinched fingers,cyanosed blue nails, froth at mouth

3.Jaw firmly closed

4.Bright & prominent eyes with dilated pupils

EXTERNAL APPEARANCE

DISCOLOURATION OF SKIN

5.Rigor mortis starts early and lasts longer.

Internal: 1.on opening the body,there will be

odour of HCN

2.froth in trachea and brochi which may be blood stained.

3.lungs congested.

Hcn &kcn poisoning

Hcn: Mucous membrane of esophagus,

stomach&doudenum will be red & congested.

Kcn: 1.lips and mouth corroded and mucous

membrane of stomach will be ulcerated. 2.brain and its meninges are congested. 3.lungs dark red,congested & edematous. 4.liver and spleen also congested.

Medicolegal importance 1.Used as suicidal poison 2.Used as homocidal poison for

cattles.also called cattle poison. 3.Accidental poison due to oil

almond,cherry laural oil, & inhalation of fumes

4.Application to wounds,injection of HCN in rectum or maybe taken for medical purpose,all leading to accidental poisioning.

5.Traces of HCN also produced by putrefaction.

Excretion:

HCN is absorbed from mucus membrane ,intact skin & also through lungs.

Some part of cyanide is excreted in urine in the form of sulphocyanide.

Also excreted through skin.

Toxic acid of KCN depend upon quantity of HCL in Stomach.

RASPUTIN was given 10 times more than fatal dose,but he survived.Reason was that he was chronic alcohilic and bcz of gastritis & lack of HCL.

NO conversion of cyanide into HCN Gastriris also retards absorbtion of

cyanide.

Rasputin story:

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