wmo: climate and water department
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WMO. Training Workshop on Integrated Flood Management for countries in Western Asia and the Arab region. 11-14 May 2009, Esteghlal Hotel, Tehran, Iran. Floods and the Development: Towards Integrated Flood Management. AVINASH TYAGI Director, Climate and Water. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1WMO: Climate and Water Department www.apfm.info
WMO
Training Workshop on Integrated Flood Managementfor countries in Western Asia and the Arab region
Floods and the Development: Floods and the Development: Towards Integrated Flood ManagementTowards Integrated Flood Management
11-14 May 2009, Esteghlal Hotel, Tehran, Iran
AVINASH TYAGIAVINASH TYAGIDirector, Climate and WaterDirector, Climate and Water
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Settling on floodplains poses great risks
www.gaestehaus-loreley.de
SPIEGEL ONLINE 2004
and at the same time has enormous advantages
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Flood losses increase, but…
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Developing Countries are Hit the Hardest
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IWRM
Community Participation
Legal Aspects
Non-structural
Development Stages in Flood Management
- time
Structural
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Shortcomings of past FM Practices
–Ad-hoc and stand alone
–Reactive rather than proactive–Wrongly defined objective–Emphasis on structural measures –Monodisciplinary
–Lessons from past failure not learnt
Flood policy is a neglected water policy issue on the international as well as, in many cases, the national level
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Why Integrated Flood Management
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Sustainable Development
Development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.”
In the flood management context mainly on the viability of floodplain use in the long term
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Challenges of Flood Management
Population increase
Securing livelihoods
Ecosystem Conservation
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Climate Variability and Change
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Absolute safety from flooding is a myth
cumulus.geol.iastate.edu/
Changes in the decision
making processes(Community Participation)
Challenges of Flood Management
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Flood Management in the context of Integrated Water Resources Management, aiming at:
– Sustainable development: balancing development needs and flood risks
– Maximizing net benefits from floodplains: ensure livelihood security and poverty alleviation thereby addressing vulnerability
– Minimizing loss of life: in particular through end-to-end FF&W Systems and preparedness planning for extreme events
– Environmental preservation: ecosystem health & services
Integrated Flood Management Integrated Flood Management
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Integrated Flood Management
Integrated Flood Management (IFM) refers to the
integration of land and water management in a river
basin using a combination of measures that focus on
coping with floods within a framework of IWRM and
adopting risk management principles while
recognizing that floods have beneficial impacts and
can never be fully controlled.
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• In developing countries with primarily agricultural economies, food security is synonymous of livelihood security.
• In developed economies as the flood plains have been exploited, the emphasis is on risk reduction
Integrated Flood Management: Integrated Flood Management: Maximizing net benefits from floodplains
“In the case of floods, the appropriate economic objective is thus to maximize the efficiency of use of the catchment and not to minimize flood losses. It can be easily shown that efficient flood management policy can be accompanied by a rise in both flood losses and the cost of flood management.”
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– Land and Water Management
– Upstream and Downstream
– Structural and Non-structural
– Short term and Long-term
– Local and basin level measures
– Top down and Bottom up decision making
– Development needs with ecologic and economic concerns
– Land and Water Management
– Upstream and Downstream
– Structural and Non-structural
– Short term and Long-term
– Local and basin level measures
– Top down and Bottom up decision making
– Development needs with ecologic and economic concerns
IFM: IFM: Integrates……?Integrates……?
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– Integrates and mixes strategies• Structural, Non-structural and Living with Floods
• Short-term and Long-term
• Local and basin level measures
– Balances development needs and environmental concerns
– Addresses all aspects of Flood Management• Scientific and Engineering
• Social Aspects
• Environmental Aspects
• Economic Aspects
• Legal and Institutional Aspects
– Adaptive Management
IFM: IFM: Towards a sustainable developmentTowards a sustainable development
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What is risk?
• Probability x Consequence• Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability
• Example floods:– Hazard: probability of a particular discharge or
water level at a particular place– Exposure: Land and assets in the inundation area
of that flood– Vulnerability: ability/disability of the people or
assets to withstand, cope with or recover from the negative effects of that flood
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Changes in socio-economic systems
Land-use change, increasing exposure and damage potential – floodplain development, growing wealth in flood-prone areas
Changes in terrestrial systems
Land-cover change - urbanization, deforestation, elimination of wetlands and floodplains, river regulation
Changes in climate and atmospheric system
Holding capacity of the atmosphere, intense precipitation, seasonality, circulation patterns
How vulnerability and flood risk
Source: Kundzewicz & Schellnhuber, 2004
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Framework for Risk Management
Risk TransferRisk Identification and Assessment
Historical hazard data, analysis and changing hazard trends
Exposed assets & vulnerability
Risk quantification
Sectoral planning
Early warning systems
Emergency preparedness & planning
Catastrophe insurance/bond markets
Alternative risk transfer
Risk Reduction(Prevention & Mitigation)
Information and Knowledge SharingEducation and training
Governance and Organizational Coordination and
Cooperation
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with a multidisciplinary approach– Appropriate Institutional structures for proper
coordination and linkages;– Enabling participatory processes; and– Information management and exchange
mechanisms.
Requirements of IFMRequirements of IFM
Clear and objective policiesClear and objective policies• Comprehensive assessment and understanding of development opportunities and flood risks;• Multi-sectoral approach to reach the objectives;• Appropriate legislation and regulations; and• Innovative economic instruments.
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Integrated Flood Management: Objectives
–Sustainable development: balancing development needs and flood risks
–Maximizing net benefits: ensure livelihood security, poverty alleviation and managing
vulnerability–Minimizing loss of life
–Environmental preservation