workshop on landscape history sopron, 22 april 20 10
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Landscape history analysis through the cartographic historical heritage: case study for Kozjansko and Pomurje regions, Slovenia
Tomaž Podobnikar1,2,3 , Blaž Barborič4
1 School of Environmental Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia2Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy for Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 4Geodetski inštitut Slovenije, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana
Workshop on Landscape History
Sopron, 22 April 2010
Objectives
• Description of investigation area
• Methodology, outputs• Preliminary results of the
project
TransEcoNet project regions
3-country Nature Park: Goričko – Raab – Őrség• 1996 – Raab • 2002 – Őrség• 2003 – Goričko
Associated initiatives(local, cross border,transboundary)• Slovenia:
– Biomura• Hungary:
– National Park Őrség• Austria:
– Nature Park Raab• Europe:
– Natura 2000– Greenbelt
Southern region
Slovenian part: Pomurje
• the activities are carried out in the Pomurje region, Slovenia– the spread of the invasive species Robinia pseudacacia– the underlying causes and assess landscape scale ecological
dynamics (e.g. Mura River floodplains, land use analysis in time series of last 200 years) in ecological networks
– the concept of place attachment and identification of the people with their landscape
• partners for the Pomurje– PP14: University of Nova Gorica (UNG)– PP15: Regional Development Agency Mura (RRA)– AP20: Nature Park Goričko– AP21: Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of
Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU)
Pomurje, Slovenia
Forests and natural heritage of
Mura River
Methodology, outputs
Methodology, outputs• WP4
– multi-scale mapping of the history– comparison with the current status of
ecological networks in Central Europe– [Historical datasets of Mura River: (1) maps,
plans, orthophotos, satellite images, (2) other material: photographs, topographic reports, tales/myths… (3) Methods: GIS, RS and statistic analysis, empirical approaches, multi-scale and multi-quality data analysis]
Preliminary results of the project
Preliminary results of the project
• identification and mapping of the Robinia pseudacacia
• historical maps (spatial data sets) of Pomurje region for various applications
• land use changes analysis (time series: landscape reconstruction for the last 200 years)
• cooperation, harmonisation, other PPs
Riparian forest of River Mura
On the bank of the river grow floodplain forests, as • Salicetum albae• Fraxino-Ulmetum• Genisto-Quercetum• neophytic tree species Robinia pseudacacia
Fraxino-Ulmetum
Salicetum albae
Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris
• Robinia pseudacacia (= tree)– native from Pennsylvania to northern
Georgia and westward as far as Arkansas and Oklahoma
– introduced to Europe at the beginning of the 17th cent.
– flowers: early May, after the leaves• it occurs on meadows and agricultural
surfaces that are being overgrown– it is invasive in mild climate as in the
Pomurje region is (= natural expanding + plantation)
– most expanded in the region in 1980s– affect of socioeconomic situation in the
region (?)• the vegetation in these regions has
changed to such an extent that it cannot be classified into any forest community
Robinia pseudacacia
Some criteria for recognition of the species:• white flowers in spring (after leaves)• lighter green colour comparing with floodplain forest…Data sources:• sat. images: IRS-P6 (Indian Remote Sensing ~5 to 20 m),
Landsat ETM and TM (30 m)– from 1990s to today; lower spatial, higher spectral resol.
• contemporary orthophotos and aerial photographs starting from 1959• IR-orthophotos• contemporary (and historical) maps, plans• DEM/DTM (+ LiDAR)• field work mapping, various land use data, Corine Land Cover, soil map…• interviews with local farmersMethodology (RS, GIS and statistic techniques):• reconstruction of R. pseudacacia-dynamics in the recent decade• modelling the distribution of R. pseudacacia in relation to abiotic environmental
factors and land use• modelling (prediction) the expected distribution of R. pseudacacia in case of climate
and land use change
Identification and mapping of the Robinia pseudacacia
Historical maps (spatial data sets) of Pomurje region for
various applications
Outputs:
- land use spatial data sets
- study of Mura River changes (natural and anthropogenic)
Data sets:
- historical maps + LiDAR DTM + other documentation
Mura: Habsburg1st military survey (Josephine)
1763–1787; 1 : 28 800
commissioned by the empress Maria Theresa
cause: Seven Years’ War against Prussia (1756–1763)
no projection (maybe Cassini-Soldner), no coordinates
that time exceptionality achievement
graphical mapping – considerable deformations
HabsburgFranciscan cadastre
(1 : 1440)
Habsburg2nd military survey (Franciscan)
survey: 1817–1825, mapping: 1830–1834 1 : 28 800
applying trigonometric points for survey
quality influence of producing of Franciscian cadastre 1823–1826
3 coordinate systems in Slovenia (+ 3 canters of geodetic surveys - datums):
Krim (near o Ljubljana)
Schöckl (near to Graz)
Gellért (near to Budapest)
coordinates, projection Cassini (transverse cylindrical projection)
relief represented with hatching, after 1860 with contour lines
military map (1 : 14 400)from 1869
Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy)
3rd military survey
1869–1887; “special” 1 : 75 000; optional: 1 : 25 000 (survey was in this scale) and “degree” maps (“general”) 1 : 200 000
horizontal and vertical network according to Mittel-Europäische Gradmessung
Bessel ellipsoid 1841, every map sheet in own (stereographic) projection
Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) 3rd military survey, 1 : 75 000
Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) 3rd military survey, 1 : 75 000
Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) 3rd military survey, 1 : 75 000
from 1881
regulation of Mure River!(first map where is this recognisable)
Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) 3rd military survey, 1 : 75 000
from 1894
(1 : 150 000)from 1925
from 1937
from ~1950
meanders finally disappeared
just some lethargies left
• Kozjanski Park covers an area of 206 sq km • The biggest regional park in Slovenia
• 100% of area is protected, Natura 2000 areas represents 69% of total park, Special Protection Areas 2,3%
Presentation of area included in historical assessment (PP10)
Presentation of area included in historical assessment (PP10)
• Bistrica gorge• Dry extensive
grasslands• High-trunk orchards
Map sourcesHistorical assessment of Kozjanski park
• 1st Austrian military survey (1763–1787) – 1:28 800• 3rd Austrian military survey (1836-1852) – 1:28 800• Franciscan cadastre maps (1823–1826) - 1 : 5760• Rohitsch und Drachenburg (1943) – 1:75 000• Topographic maps (1951) – 1:50 000• Topographic maps (1971) – 1:25 000• Topographic maps (2006) – 1:50 000
1
2
34
5
6
7
8
Historical maps, orthophotos, land use:
1784-2009
Georeferencing method• Josephine military maps and Franciscan
cadastre maps were first combined and later georeferenced
Josephine military
topography
Franciscan cadastre
Italian 1:25,000
Yugoslav 1:25,000
transitional woodland
shrub
forest
bare rocks
urban fabric
pastures
inland waters
Different legend keys
Quality and time series
Backward editing method (“reverse engineering”)
Land use changes
1800
1930
2000
Focus and investigation areas that are included in historical assessment
• Kozjanski Park covers an area of 206 sq km Investigation areas: • Bistrica gorge• Dry extensive grasslands• High-trunk orchards
Results - vectorized layers
Results - analysis
Land use 1869-1887
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
grassland forest urban area fruit garden
surf
ace
[h
a]
Land use 1943
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
10000
grassland vineyards forest urban area fruit garden
surf
ace
[h
a]
Land use 1955
0
10002000
30004000
5000
6000
70008000
900010000
grassland vineyard forest urban fruit garden
su
rface
[ha]
Land use 2006
0,0000
2000,0000
4000,0000
6000,0000
8000,0000
10000,0000
12000,0000
arable landand gardens
vineyard intensivefruit garden
extensivefruit garden
intensivegrassland
exstensivegrassland
forest urban area w aters
surf
ace
[ha]
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
grassland vineyard forest urban fruit garden
surf
ace
[h
a]1870
1943
1955
2006
Results - analysis
Land use/land cover legend for assessing landscape dynamics
1 Travniki Grassland Polygon
2 Vinogradi Vineyards Polygon
3 Gozd Forest Polygon
4Urbana območja
Urban areas Polygon
5 Sadovnjaki Fruit trees Polygon
• According to comparison of the legends obtained from different map sources 5 polygons were established
Dynamics of change of land cover – changed/unchanged areas
1780-18701870-19431943-19551955-20062006-2009• Similar changes of
landcover periods from 1780 to 2006
Stably used areas from 1780 - 2009
• Forest and grassland are main unchanged landuse classes
Dynamics of change of land cover
Landscape dynamics
• Vectorized layers were overlaid
• Sliver poligons were produced and eliminated using ArcGIS tools
• Trajectories of change were calculated
