Document of

The World Bank

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Report No. 8668

PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT

INDIA

KARNATAKA TANKS IRRIGATION PROJECT(CREDIT 1116-IN)

MAY 29, 1990

Agriculture Operations DivisionCountry Department IVAsia Regional Office

This document bas a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance oftheir official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

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Cura:ency Equivalent

Current Unit Rupees (Rs)

Appraisal Year (August 1980)

US$ 1.00 Rs 8.40

Intervening Years Axerage (1981-88)US$ 1.00 = Rs 11.42

Completion Year Average (March 1989)US$ 1.00 = Rs 15.50

Fiscal Year(GOI and GOK)

April 1 - March 31

Glossary of Terms and Abbreviation

AD - Agriculture DepartmentCCA - Cultivable Command AreaCIRCLE - A PWD Echelon, controlled by a Superintending

EngineerDIVISION - A PWD Echelon, controlled by an Executive

Engineer (approximatley four per circle)EPS - Lxecutive Project SummaryFAO/CP - FAO Cooperative ProgrammeFD - Forest Department

GHATS - Western Mountain ChainGOI - Government of IndiaGOK - Government of KarnatakHA - Hectare

IIM - India Institute of ManagementIIS - India Institute of ScienceMIW - Minor Irrigation WingO&M - Operation and MaintenancePANCHAYAT - A Locally Elected BodyPWD - Public Works DepartmentR&R -- Resettlement and RehabilitationTIP - Tank Irrigation ProjectWARABUNDI - Time based Rotational Water Supply on an Area

Proportional Basis

FOR OMCIAL USE ONLYTHE WORLD BANKWashington. DC 20433

USA

0fice of DOrector-C.ralOpefitimns Viation

May 29, 1990

MEMORANDUM TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS AND THE PRESIDENT

SUBJECT: Project Completion Report on India Karnataka TanksIrrigation Project (Credit 1116-IN)

Attached, for information, is a copy of a report entitled"Project Completion Report on India - Karnataka Tanks Irrigation Project(Credit 1116-IN)" prepared by the Asia Regional Office with Part IIcontributed by the Borrower. No audit of this project has been made by theOperations Evaluation Department at this time.

Attachment

This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performanceof their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

KARNATAKA TANKS IRRTCATION PROJECT

(Credit 1116-IN)

PROJErT COMPLE2TTN RRPORT

TARTLE __ CONTENTS

PREFACE ............

EVALUATION SUMMARY .......................................... ii

Objectives ............................................ iiImplementation Experience ................................ iiResults .............................................. iiSustainability ......................................... iiFindings and Lessons Learned ............................. iii

PART I PROJECT REVIEW FROM BANK'S PERSPECTIVE

Project Identity ........................................ 1Background .... ........................................ 1Project Objectives and Description .......................... 2Project Design and Organization ............................ 3Project Implementation ................................... 3Project Results ......................................... 5Project Sustainability ....... . . ... . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . 6Bank Performance ........ .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . 7Borrower Performance ....... .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . 7Project Relationships ....... . .. .. . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . 8Consulting and Supporting Services ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 8Project Documentation and Data ...... . ... .... ... .... ... . ... . 8

PART II PROJECT REVIEW FROM BORROWER'S PERSPECTIVE ...................... 9

PART III STATISTICAL INFORMATION ........................................ 11

Table 1 Related Bank Loans and CreditsTable 2 Project Timetable

Table 3 Schedule of DisbursementsTable 4 Project ImplementationTable 5A Project CostsTable SB Project FinancingTable 6A Direct BenefitsTable 6B Economic ImpactTable 6C Economic Cost and Renefift St-reArnTable 6D Studies

Table 7 Status of CovenantsTable 8A Staff InputsTable 8B MissionsTable 9 Details of TIPs

Table 10A Distribution of TIPs by Zone

Table lOB Distribution of TIPs by Size

This document has a restricted distribution and may b. used by recipients only in the performanceof their official duties. Its contents may not otherwisec be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

INDIA

KARNATAKA TANKS IRRIGATION PROJECT(Credit 1116-IN)

PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT

PREFACE

This is the Project Completion Report (PCR) for the KarnatakaTanks Irrigation Project for which Credit 11E-IN in the amount ofUS$54.0 M was approved on March 19, 1981. The credit was closed onMarch 31, 1989, three years behind schedule. i;: was fully disbursedand the last disbursement was on April 10, 1989.

The PCR was prepared by the Agriculture Division of the NewDeihi Kesident Mission with assistance from the Agriculture OperationsDivision in Asia Country Department IV (Preface, Evaluation Summary,Parts I and III). The Borrower completed Part II.

Preparation of this PCR was initiated during the Bank's finalsupervision mission of the project in February 1989 and is based onthe Staff Appraisal Report, the Loan and Project Agreements,Supervision reports, correspondence and internal memoranda.

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,1INDIA

KARNATAKA TANKS IRRIGATIO1N PROJE=CT

(Credit 1116-IN)

PXOJECT COMPLETION RVPORT

EVALUATION SUMMIARY

Objectives

1. The objective of the project was to improve incomes and relieve poverty in adry zone of India by improving the efficiency of water use. Secondary objectiveswete to improve institutional capacity and to improve farmers' participation sothat continuing improvement with irrigation tanks could be expected (para. 5).

Implementation Experience

2. While the project made a slow start, implementation proceeded quite wellthereafter (para. 12). Problems arose with funding by the State and with thesupply of cement (para. 12). Initially design and construction standards wereunsatisfactory but they later improved markedly (para. 13). A number ofinnovative studies and practices were introduced during the project (para. 14).Initially resettlement was not handled well by GOK but, finally, resettlingfamilies were treated fairly to the Bank's satisfaction (para. 16). PWD'sperformance on dam safety did not reach required standards (para. 16). There was,for some time, poor liaison between the Minor Irrigation Wing and the AgricultureDepartment (para. 17).

Results

3. Taken overall the project was successful with respect to physical andinstitutional aspects and with respect to innovations with long term impact, butit was slow with respect to implementation. Furthermore, increased costs, theinitial delays and commodity price reductions substantially reduced the economicrate of return (para. 18). The estimated economic rate of return fell from 20% atappraisal to 4% at compJetion (para. 21). However, the project is expected tohave a significant impact on poverty alleviation (para. 22). The Minor Irrigationwing of PWD has gained considerable experience particularly with respect toappraisal and monitoring of projects, dam safety, rotational water supply andcatchment stabilization (para. 22). A major contribution of the project has beenthe initiation of close involvement of beneficiary farmers at all levels of tankmanagement (para. 24).

3 l-nt a l n ahbi I i tv

4. Due to sound design standard the structures are expected to be durable (para.25), and due to catchment work siltation is expected to be minimized. However,the low economic rate of return raises questions about the economic sustainabilitywhich will have to be addressed in future work of this type by utilizing theresults of project studies to search for lower cost approaches (para. 25).

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Findings and Lessons Learned

5. The six main lessons learned appear to be the following:

(i) More preparation work on establishing the staffing capa'*tities prior toproject start-up would have avoided the delays cxperienced.

(ii) The substantial supervision input from Bank technical staff (para. 27),combined with an imaginative management, enabled the introduction of anumber of innovative technical components (para. 18).

(iv) Farmer participation is essential for sound management of smallirrigation systems and contact with government staff through a formalthree-tier committee system appears to be a useful model (para. 24).

(v) Close supervision of the project from a Bank staff field office taskforce appears to have enabled close contacts at the technical levelwhich had a considerable pay-off ir' termR of flpvihilitv and innovation(paras. 27 and 28).

(vi) Technical success does not ensure economic success and review of thechanging economics during the implementation period might have triggeredmore attention to cost reducing strategies (para. 18,.

INZD1A

RA1NATAKA TANKS~ TRRTaATION PROJE~CT

(Credit 1116-IN)

PROJECT COMPtETTON R-ZZk=

PART T

PROJCT REVTEW FROM RANK'S PERSPCTITVE

Project Identity

Name: Karnataka Tanks Irrigation Project

Credit Number: 1116-IN

RVP Unit: Asia Region

Country: India

Sector: Agriculture

Subsector: Irrigation

Backaround

1. Following Independence, India embarked on an ambitious development program toraise agricultural production to reduce the high level of ruidl poverty, to meetthe demands of its rapidly increasing population, and to reduce its dependence onimports. At the time of project formulation (1980/81) some 50% of the populationwere below the poverty line. Agriculture employed about 70% of the labour force,contributed about 45% of GNP, and was responsible for about 50% of exports. GOIpolicy was heavily dependent on irrigation development. Due to disappointingimplementation and low productivity on many projects, GOI introduced the conceptof Command Area Development, whereby focus was put on the lower echelons ofirrigation systems with the aim of facilitating organized and equitable waterdistribution, and the supply of inputs. Karnataka had a population of about 35 M,growing at a rate of about 2.2% per annum. Some 70% of the working populationwere employed in the agriculture sector, which contributed about 48% to StateDomestic Product. However, in spite of an increase in agricultural productionhigher than the all India average, some 70% of the rural population were stillbelow the poverty line.

2. The Stati ;t A.i-ded -.t^ f_u. di_t!ncL t;loqyicai zones as toliows:

a) the Coastal plain (3000 - 3700 mm rainfall)b) the Western Ghats, on vlrth-south (1000 - 6400 mm rainfall)

mountain chainc) the Northern Plateau (500 - 900 mm rainfall)d) the Southern Plateau (500 - 750 mm rainfall)

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The major portion of annual rainfall occurs in the S.W. monsoon from June toOctober. Due to the unreliability of the monsoon, many areas especially in theplateaux areas suffer frequent droughts.

3. Irrigation tanks are mainly found in the southern Indian States of Karnataka,Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, and also in Sri Lanka. Tney may range from below10 ha to over 1500 ha. An irrigation tank is a sma-1 reservoir, comprising anearth bund and a simple ungated spillway, Simple outlet sluices supply the smallcommands immediately downstream, normally in unlined canals. In the dry zones,the tanks intercep. the ephemeral run off from small gullies during the monsoon,and this is utilized as supplemental supply in the kharif season, and in a year ofgood rainfall to irrigate a short season rabi crop. In the dry zones away fromperennial rivers, tanks provide the only source of water, and in addition toirrigation supply to their commands, they provide improved seepage to groundwaterfor irrigation by pumping.

4. In the State, tanks have tr.ditionally been operated informally by thebeneficiaries, with a government employee controlling the supply at the dam in thelarger tankF. This ad hoc management has led in many cases to inequitable waterallocation. Tank maintenance is by the Irrigation Wing of the Public WorksDepartment for those over 200 ha, but below this size they are the responsibilityof the Zilla Panchayats (local elected bodies). In general, maintenance isminimal due to wide dispersion and lack of funds.

Project Objectives and Desr -- ,on

5. The project objective was to construct a number of new irrigation tanks inthose areas where large surface water development was not feasible to increase theefficiency of water resources use, and to relieve poverty in the dry zones'.Secondary objectives consisted of improving GOK's capability to prepare, appraise,design, construct and operate tank irrigation projects (TIPs), to increasefarmers' participation, and to expand the State hydro-meteorological facilities.

6. Project components are detailed in Table 4, Part III. These are summarizedas:

a) The construction of about 120 - 160 TIP's with an aggregate command areaof some 25,000 ha cultivable command area (CCA);

b) the establishment of rainfall, stream-gauging and agro-climatic stationsin representative locations in the State;

c) the development of a computer assisted runoff model based on regionalrainfall and catchment characteristics to improve yield estimates ofTIPs;

d) the study and subsequent introduction of water users' groups for TIPmanagement; and

e) the study of water charges with recommendations for their enhancement.

7. Technical criteria indicated that TIPs should generally be between 20 ha to2000 ha command. Each would have an earthfill embankment, an ungatedmasonry/concrete spillway, one or more outlet sluices, and a lined canal systemdown to 8 ha level. Thereafter earth channels would deliver to individual farms.It was GOK policy to follow a size distribution of one third 20 ha to 100 ha; one

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third 100 ha to 200 ha, and the balance 200 ha to 2000 ha. In order to bringmaximum contribution to poverty alleviation, some 65% of TIPs would be in Lhc dtyzones and 29% in transitional zonco. Table lOA, rart III indicates the tentativeregional distribution by area of project TIPs. Table lOB indicates a moredetailed size distribution.

8. Project cost estimates at appraisal are given in Table bA, Part III. Totalproject cost, including price and physical contingencies, was estimated at Rs.650.0 M (Us$ 77.4 M). A weighted average cost for TIP construction was estimatedat Rs. 21,300/ha, almost double the costs (at 1980 prices) for major and mediumschemes.

Project Design and Organization

9. The project as conceived was very pertinent to the national, State andsectoral requirements. It was positively defined, both in terms of in3titutionaland technical parameters. Having been prepared and apprdised in concert with GOK,there was tull agreement and understanding of the project objectives. The projectwas not innovative with respect to physical components at appraisal, but this waschanged during execution. What was innovative was the introduction ofcomputerized yield estimation studies by analytical means rather than theinaccurate empirical Strange's formula, and the introduction of farmers'participation in formal committees in the management and operation of TIPs. Bothresponded to perceived weakness in TIP design and operation. The water chargesstudy was appropriate for full recovery of 0 & M costs.

10. The project appears to have been well researched, prepared, and anpraised.The SAR is detailed, concise and clear, and gave positive guidance to both GOKproject staff and Bank supervisions. The institutional strengthenina includedunder the project made for efficient selection, appraisal and monitoring ofproject TIPs.

Pro 1ect Implementation

11. The project made a very slow start, due mainly to GOK's inability to provideadequate trained technical staffl, and to very serious delays in the formation ofthe many newly created organizations under the project. Table 3, Part III showsthe record of disbursements, and it is noted that significant expenditure did notoccur before mid 1983, some two years after effectiveness. Indeed, by September1982, only four TIPs had actually commenced construction, five were approved, andonly 21 appraised.

12. Once the project gained momentum in earlv 1983 it proceeded steadily. Itwas, however, beset in its later years by severe State funding constraints, whichwere responsible mainly for the need to extend the closing date by three years.With full funding support, it is considered that only a two year extension wouldhave been required. Another constraint which arose at intervals was the shortageof cement supplies, which was partly due to the 'levy' system of supply togovernments at lower cost than to the public. This system has now been abolished.

13. The technical staff of the Minor Irrigation Wing (MIW) of the Public Works

1/ Government argues that there was no inadequacy of trained staff and thatdelays were due mainly to time taken to do surveys, studies, land acquisition.etc.

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and construction standards were not to the desired levels, but followingconsiderable FAO/CP and Bank technical assistance, these improved markedly,demonstrating the willinqness of the engineeLs to modify their practices. A majorproblem was the practice of PWD to rotate its staff between irrigation, buildings,and road winqs, such that none was specialized. Partly due to Bankrepresentation, this policy was amended during the course of the nroject, suchthat those staff opting for irrigation were not rotated to other branches.Standards subsequently improved.

14. A positive and imaginative management permitted the introduction ofadditional studies and practices during the course of the project. Theseincluded:

a} The use of vetiver (khus) grass in catchment erosion control;

b) the model testing of an unconventional spillway weir;

c) the testing on one TIP of a new precast channel system;

d) the introduction of the north Indian designs of outlet and controlstructures;

e) the introduction of the north Indian system of warabundi (time basedrotational water supply on an area proportional basis);

f) the use of gabions (rock baskets) for earth slope protection; and

g) the introduction of a further study to permit rapid computer based floodprediction using an improved computation system.

15. Studies carried out under the project are listed and described in Table 6D ofPart III. The most successful was that carried out by Indian Institute ofManagement (IIM), Bangalore on the system of committees for tank management andoperation. The study of catchment yield carried out by Anna University, Madras,was incomplete, therefore, at the suggestion of the Bank, a proposal to continuethe study with the Indian Institute of Science (IIS), Bangalore is underconsideration. The recently introduced flood study has been awarded to IndianInstitute of Technology (IIT), Bombay, and is progressing satisfactorily.

16. Resettlement and rehabilitation (R & R) of families displaced was onlysignificant on two TIPs. For a conside. )le period, successive Bank missionsreported adversely on GOK's processing uf resettlement and compensation practices,but finally the families were fairly treated to the Bank's satisfaction. Withrespect to dam safety PWD's performance failed to reach the required standards.Designs of dams were scrutinized by the Dam Review Panel (DRP) but cor?liance withthis condition was delayed. in addition, the compliance reporLs by PWD M.Wcircles were invariably very delayed (up to two years), and were not alwaysresponsive. Following Bank representations, this was partly corrected in thelatter period of the project.

17. Construction standards and quality control were variable. Although twoquality control divisions were especially created, Bank missions reportedadversely on quality of construction, especially on canal systems. A furthermajor failing over much of the project period was the very poor liaison betweenMIW and the Agriculture Department (AD). (This point is disputed by GOK.) Thiswas subsequently improved following persistent Bank representations. Staffing

was subsequently improved following persistent Bank representations. Staffingconstraints in the AD extension services persisted throughout. The association ofForest Department (PD) however in catchmient stabilization was very positive.

Proiect Results

18. Taker, overall, the project may be considered quite successful with respect tophysical and institutional aspects and with respect to innovations with long termimpact, but slow with respect to implementation. Furthermore, increased costs,delays in implementation and comnmodity price reductions substantially reduced theeconomic rate of return. It would have been useful to have probed the economicsat an earlier stage during implementation. This might have triggered a searchfor lower cost, more selective approaches. 34 of the 78 TIPs have been comoletedin all respects and are yielding some benefits on 16,800 ha, 30 more are in

advanced construction, and all will be fully completed by June 1991 when theirrigated area will reach 24,100 ha. In addition to the physical achievements,the following results are evident:

a) Water charges were raised genetally in Karnataka on January 1, 1989 basedon project study recommendations.

b) A three tier TIP committee system has been evolved from project studios,which comprises the Tank Management Committee, the Irrigation SchedulingCommittee, and the Sluice Committee. All fully involve the beneficiaryfarmers, and MIW, AD, Panchayat and Revenue Department, and the resultsreported are favourable. The system is likely to be extended.

c) The model tests on the labyrinth weir (a zig-zag weir design which atlower cost effectively stretches the length of the crest) and subsequentdesigns indicate large cost savings and significantly improved hydraulicefficiency.

d) The trials of plastic and fibre-glass reinforced cement concrete precastchannels on one TIP were very promising.

e) The use of vetiver grass in catchment stabilization will, with modestcost, reduce the rate of siltation of tanks.

19. Reference to Table 9, Part III indicates the district and zonal distributionof TIPs, with their command areas, stages of completion, cost estimates andcompletion dates. It is significant, i.i common with many projects in India, that

the distribution and micro systems invariably lag behind dam construction.

20. The estimate of final project cost is shown in Table 5A, Part III, from whichit is noted that the overall project cost estimate has risen in nominal Rupeeterms from Rs. 650 M (US$ 77 M) at appraisal to Rs. 1225 M (US$ 79 M) at fulldevelopment. In 1989-90 constant rupee prices this represented a 51% realincrease. Specific costs for TIP construction from Table 5A indicate anescalation of base costs from Rs. 21,170/ha in 1980 prices at appraisal to Rs.50,850/ha at present prices. Reasons for cost increases include both price andquantity increases over SAR Projections.

21. Direct benefits emanating from the project are given in Table 6A, Part III.It should be noted that all indicators, except benefitting farm families and

increase in employment, are estimated to be as at appraisal. There has beeninsufficient time since completion of the command areas to obtain reliable yield

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being less than at appraisal, these two indicators both show significant increasesover appraisal estimates. Project economic impact estimates at appraisal and atpresent are indicated in Table 6B, Part III, supported by Table 6C. Here adramatic reduction from 20% ERR at appLdisal to below 4% on present estimate isnoted. As crop production estimates have not changed much, this reduction is dueprincipally to cost increases, delayed benefits, and fall in commodity prices.

22. The project will, however, have a major impact on poverty alleviation in thedrier zones, where the TIPs constructed will provide the main source of extendedwater supply for both irrigation and domestic purposes. There will be no adverseenvironmental effects. The MIW has gained considerably by its experience due tothe institutional aspects of the project, especially with regard to selection andappraisal of irrigation projects, including economic considerations; monitoring ofprojects with improved quality control surveillance; dam safety; rotational watersupply; and catchment stabilization. The MIW has also been motivated to reviewand investijate improved and more cost effective technical components.

23. Little was expended under the project for the hydrometeorological aspects.The State hydrology services have absorbed this component under their no-raalactivities.

24. A major contribution of the project has been the attempt to ensureinvolvement of the beneficiary farmers at all levels of tank management andoperation through the three-tier committee system. This also has the advantage ofbringing the farmers into periodic contact with the MIW, AD, Revenue Departmentand Panchayats; something which would not occur under the previous arrangement.While evaluations show that this did not work well in all tanks, there are anumber of tanks uhere these committees are alread: demonstrating their markedinfluence on farmer cropping coordination, equity of distribution, solving ofdisputes, and irrigation efficiency. This model is ready for extrapolationthroughout India, not only for TIPs. Finally, due to a project study, GOK hasrevised water rates to more realistic levels.

roje,t Sustainability

25. As the TIPs under the project have been constructed to higher qualitystandards than those under the normal Panchayat/State program, it is ;inticipatedthat they will be durable and lasting. In addition, the involvement of ForestDepartment in the stabilization of their catchments will result in reduced ratesof tank siltation, a major cause for reduced production. As spillways have beensized according to improved procedures, and as the embankments have been based oncorrect soil mechanics principles, the risk of tank breach is much reduced.However, a worrying aspect of the project is the much increased costs per hectareand the impact that has had on the economic rate of return and hence the economicsustainability of tank development. This must signal the need to search for lowercost approaches in the future, with greater selectivity in the structural works.

26. There are no substantial future management risks in the project; indeed theevidence to date on the new management and operation system indicates continuingimproved performance. Only the perceived weakness in the agricultural extensionservices is considered to be a constraint, GOK his been persistently reminded ofits importance, and are teking action in this direct4on.

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Bank Performance

27. Bank activities throughouc the project cycle are shown in detail in Table 8B,and a summaxy of Bank manpower inputs are given in Table 8A, Part III. From theformer, it is noted that the Bank and FAO/CP gave above normal technical supportto the farmers' organization studies and to technical training of the engineers insystem design. What is less evident from this table is thc additional large inputfrom Bank engineers of technical advice which resulted in MIW carrying out trialson improved (and experimental) hydraulic structures and linings, and thecommissioning of additional hydrological studies.

28. Although Bank supervision/technical assistance missions paid above averageattention to system operation, institutions, water management and engineering, amajor criticism is the almost total lack of agricultural supervision betweenCredit effectiveness in May 1981 and early 1985, when the supervision task forceconcept was introduced in New Delhi Office. Thereafter it received its justrecognition, and exposed many weaknesses in agricultural support services whichare now being addressed. The Bank was also less than attentive to R & R in theearly years of project implementation and to the economic issues later on. Due tothe imprecise hydrology component, the Bank supervisions were somewhat complacentover this aspect.

29. A major lesson to be learned from this project is that in India, whereirrigation projects are invariably under the direction cf State IrrigationDepartments which are construction oriented, which contain limited staff withspecialist design expertise or exposure to the latest techniques, and which arereluctant to employ specialist consultants, technical assistance by Bankspecialists can play a very important role in improving project designs andoperation. Without such input here, the project would have been another standarddevelopment project without advancing into new achievements. Experience has shownelsewhere in India that to specify such innovations in the project is notsufficient to ensure their acceptance and development; rather constant andpersistent monitoring and representation to governments are also required.

30. In summary, the Bank performed well at most stages of the project cycle withthe exception of the quite serious weaknesses raised in para 28 above, andgenerally utilized its staff, consultants, and FAO/CP in a balanced and effectivemanner. Staff supervision inputs were high, but with a statewide, dispersedproject of this nature this was inevitable.

Borrower Performance

31. The initial period of project execution indicated that MIW was not preparedinstitutionally or in staff establishment to mobilize and operate the many newlycreated organizations for planning, appraisal, quality control and monitoring ofTIPs. It was not until mid 1983, some two years after effectiveness, that theseorganizations became effective. Staffing deficiencies, especially at Assistantand Junior Engineer levels however persisted over much of the project period. ThePWD had traditionally rotated its engineers between its various wings, resultingin lack of specialist expertise. This was particularly evident with respect tohydraulic designs and TIP layouts. Although FAO/CP and Bank specialists gavenumerous training sessions, the over rapid rotation of the recipients reduced theeffectiveness of the exercise. Later, after GOK had agreed to permit staff toserve continuously in a particular wing, this problem was largely resolved.

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32. There were, earlier on, certain weaknesses in GOK's performance pertaining toR & R, dam safety, and poor liaison between hIW and AD with respect to extension.These shortcomings were later rectified following Bank representations, althoughAD's capacity does not appear to have improved. Other failings by GOK whichadversely affected project implementation were the severe financial restrictionsof 1987/88, and failure to procure adequate quantities of cement at intervals.GOK was in default of covenants under Section 3.02 (farmers' organization) and3.03 (water charges) even after they were rescheduled to September 30, 1987 andDecember 31, 1987 respectively, but were subsequently brought into compliance.Audited accounts for several years were submitted late to the Bank.

33. Having pointed out the weaknesses in borrower performance, it must be statedthat overall, following the initial mobilization problems and delays, MIWdemonstrated a very professional and positive approach to the project. Projectmanagement was strong and decisive, and the Minor Irrigation Committee and otherorganizations functioned efficiently. A major strength of this management was toencourage and develop new technical and institutional ideas, such that the projectis now a model for TIP development in India. Monitoring and reporting became welldeveloped and comprehensive. At final Bank supervision, the project was awarded a'1' rating in all four indicators, a rare event in Indian projects.

Project Relationships

34. Throughout preparation, appraisal and supervision, the officials of GOK andits concerned organizations were invariably most cooperative towards Bankmissions, and excellent rslations prevailed throughout, even at those times whenBank had perforce to make critical comments on their performance. This was alwaysaccepted pragmatically in the spirit in which they were made. Due to this, it waspossible to maintain a constructive dialogue, which was in large measureresponsible for the project's substantial measure of success.

Consulting and Supporting Services

35. The project was unusual in the large number of consultants it utilized forthe studies pertaining to farmers' organizations, water charges, catchment yield,and floods. All were well conducted, although the hydrological studies arecontinuing. All construction was by contractors, which were generally adequatewith respect to dam construction, but inadequate in canal construction. Morerecently the rate of canal construction has been increased.

Project Documentation and Data

36. The conditionality was weak in the following respects:

a) No legal covenant was included to ensure the fair and prompt treatment ofdisplaced persons from the TIP reservoir areas.

b) No mention was made of the requirement for agricultural supportingservices to assist the TIPs, nor for conservation measures in thecatchments.

In other respects, the conditionality was adequate.

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37. The SAR was well written, and presented the project and its componentsadequately for project execution and to guide Bank supervisions. GOK cooperatedfully and promptly with data provision for FCR preparation, although there wasconsiderable delay in finalizing their Part II of che PCR.

i ARZ I T

P(OJ_T RWVTRW FROM BORROWER'S PERSPPECTTVR!

38. The adequacy of the factual information contained in Part III of the PCR isconfirmed.

39. Bank's performance during the evolution and implementation of the project wasquite frequent, timely and appreciable. The designs introduced by the Bank asagainst the standard Minor Irrigation (M.I.) designs are aimed at greaterefficiency in water delivery and management and evolving safer appropriate designsensuring stability of the structures. The model studies conducted under theguidance of the Bank were quite useful in arriving at the details of hydrology,discharge characteristics in each of the agro-climate zones distributed throughoutthe State of Karnataka, particularly for M.I. Tanks with small catchment areas.The system of warabundi suggested for distribution of water through a system ofmicro-networks scientifically evolved to benefit the tail-end farmers, and forequitable distribution, is commendable.

40. The design of hydraulic stru';tures such as ungated semi-modular outlets forequitable distribution with proportionate distributors will be helpful for thefarmers' participation in management of water depending upon the crop pattern.

41. The visit of the Bank missions to the tank irrigation projects, in helpingthe field staff to maintain the standards of construction, was a most importantguiding factor. The lessons learned on these projects, especially after the pilotproject studies, were helpful in implementing the other M.I. projects and alsofuture projects to come.

42. The technical innovations and approaches with new technical inputs initiatedby the Bank were quite exemplary and the follow-up action taken thereon by theBank in implementing the same during every visit have helped the field staff toimplement them successfully to the satisfaction of the Bank, who also expressedappreciation in several field reports to Government.

43. The innovative technical inputs that have made the tank irrigation projectsquite successful are:

i) construction of ungated semi-modular outlets; the introduction of such astructure has not only saved the disorders in manual operation but alsocontrolled timely quantum distribution up to the last point under thefarmers' own managing agency.

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ii) construction of proportional distributories.

iii) construction of tail clusters.

iv) construction of special turnouts for feeding water to reach every surveynumber in the block.

v) the fibre-glass lining, laybrinth weir, overshot gates, and gabion, havebeen taken up as an experimental study and the behaviors of the same willbe studied further.

44. The relationship between the Bank and borrower was quite cordial, educatingand guiding in successful implementation of the project from inception to theclosing date.

45. The IDA was the sole assisting agency for the project and there were no othercofinanciers.

- 1i -

STATTRTTCTr A NTFORMj¶Tp

I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Table 1Page 1 of 3

INDIA

KARNATAKA TANKS IRRIGATION PROJECT(Credit 1116-IN)

TABLE 1

Related Bank Loans and Credits

Loan/Credit Purpose Year Status CommentsDetails of

Approval

1. Credit 278-IN: To construct about 16,000 1972 Data not available. Number of wells exceeded,Mysore Agricultural wells to provide irrigation in but area benefitted wasDevelopment Project the erstwhile Mysore State. disappointing.(USS 40.0 M)

2. Credit 378-IN: To develop markets in 1973 The project closed on The objectives were partlyKarnataka Agricultural Karnataka. 6130/81 after an 18 achieved. The Credit wasMarkets Project months extension. fully disbursed.(USS 8.0 M)

3. Credit 778-IN: To complete Phase I of Stage 1 1978 The project closed on The project was not wellKarnataka Irrigation of the Upper Krishna 3/31/86, following a two phased, with littleProject Irrigation Project, and to year extension. It was benefits deriving. Quality(US$ 117.6 M) carry out minor distribution fully disbursed. of minor distribution

development in Malaprabha and systems was poor. R & RGhataprabha projects. was inadequately carried

out.

4. Credit 855-IN: To strengthen location 1978 The project closed on The results of the projectNational Agricultural specific research in the agro- 3/31/86, having had an were disappointing. OnlyResearch Project climatic zones of India, extension of 3 years. US$ 19.5 M of the Credit(US$ 27.0 M) including Karnataka. was utilized.

Table 1Page 2 of 3

Loan/Credit Purpose Year Status CommentsDetails of

Approval

5. Credit 862-IN: To improve agricultural 1978 The project closed on The project was consideredComposite Agricultural extension facilities and 6/30/85 following a 6 to have achieved itsExtension Project services in Gujarat, Haryana months extension. objectives. The Credit was

(US$ 25.0 M) and Karnataka. fully disbursed.

6. Credit 1034-IN: To assist in the development 1980 The project closed on The project was successfulKarnataka Sericulture of mulberry production and 9/30/88 after two in achieving most of itsProject sericulture. extensions from the objectives. It was fully(US$ 54.0 H) original closing date of disbursed.

6130/86.

7. Credit 1432-IN: To assist with the production 1984 The project is in Problems are experienced inKarnataka Social of saplings, Forest Department progress, and is audits, management andForestry Project plantings, training and scheduled to close in planning.(US$ 27.0 IS) research. It is cofinanced by 12188. However, delays

ODA (UK). indicate an extension to12191 to completeprescribed works.

8. Credit 1569-IN: To strengthen the facilities 1985 The project is in The project in Yarnataka is

National Agricultural and services of agricultural progress. The original suffering from budget andExtension Project II extension in Gujarat, Haryana, closing date was March staffing shortages, but

(US$ 50.3 M) J & K and Karnataka. 1991, but this is now progress is improving.expected to extend toMarch 1993.

9. Credit 1631-IN: To strengthen location 1985 Project still in The project is making

National Agricultural specific research in the agro- pros -ss. The original modest progress inResearch Project II climatic zones of India, closing date was to be Karnataka. Staffing(US$ 69.6 M) including Karnataka. 12/31192, but it is constraints are causing

expected that a two-year concern, and meteorologicalextension will be units are delayed.required.

Table 1Page 3 of 3

Loan/Credit Purpose Year Status CommentsDetails of

Approval

10. Credit 1770-IN: A national program, with 12 1987 The project became The project is makingNational Water sub-projects in Karnataka, effective on 8/10/87. positive improvements to 0Management Project intended to assist the States The following sub- & M o. the sub-projects,(SDR 93.2 M) to improve 0 & H on existing projects are located in and Karnataka irrigation

irrigation projects. Karnataka - engineers are derivinga) 4 sub-projects benefits from the trainingtotalling about 116,000 and practices involved.ha accepted into theprogram;b) 8 sub-projectstotalling about 68,000ha in preparation.

11. Credit 2010-IN: To develop Phase II of Stage 1 1989 The project is yet to Project mobil3.zation has iLoan 3050-IN: of the Upper l.rishna become effective. been effective and the

Upper Krishna II Irrigation Project. project is making a soundIrrigation Project start.(SDR 119.0 M)(US$ 165.0 M)

- I ) -

INplIA

KARNATAKA TANKS IRRIGATION PRQJECT(Credit 1116-IN)

TABLE 2

Project Timetable

Planned Revised ActualItem Date Date Date

- Identification(EPS)

- Preparation 02-08/80

- Appraisal mission 9/80 08/80

- Credit negotiation 3/81 02/81

- Board approval 5/81 03/19/81

- Credit signing 03/26/81

- Credit effectiveness 05/05/81

- Credit completion 03/31/85 03/31/87 03/31/89

- Credit closure 03/31/86 03/31/87 03/31/89

- 16 -

INDIA

KARNATAKA TANK IRRIGATION PROJECT(Credit 1116-IN)

fichgdul. of Dishurs_mpnts

IBRD FY Appraisal Revised 1/ Actual % ActualSemester/Quarter Projection Projection to SAR/Revised

Projection

-------------------- SDR M -----------------

1982 2nd 0.8 - 04th 3.2 - - 0

1983 2nd 7.3 - 0.1 14th 11.3 - 1.6 14

1984 2nd 16.1 - 2.7 174th 22.6 - 5.2 23

1985 2nd 29.0 - 5.8 204th 35.4 - 12.2 34

1986 2nd 39.5 - 16.3 414th 43.5 19.0 21.4 113

1987 1st 22.5 23.8 1072nd 25.5 25.9 1023rd 29.2 27.9 954th 32.5 31.7 98

1988 1st 35.0 32.0 912nd 37.4 33.5 903rd 33.8 34.7 974th 35.4 35.6 99

1989 1st 37.1 38.7 962nd 39.5 40.2 983rd 41.9 43.2 1034th 2i! 43.5 43.5 100

Notes:

L1/ Revised target to revised Closing Date of March 31, 1989.

2/ Credit fully disbursed on April 10, 1989

INDIA

MRNATAKA TANK IRRIGATION PROJECT(Credit 1116-IN)

TA&LE I

project Implementation

Indicator Unit Appraisal Revised Final Actualestimated estimated estimated achievement

(9/86) (3/89) (3/89)

1. Tank Irricxation Projects

- number TIPs completed No. 120-160 79 78 34- irrigation potential ha 25,000 25,500 24,100 16,800

created

2. Hydromet facilities

- rain gauges (24 hour) No. 1000 45 42- rain gauges (self No. 90 17 15

recording)- river gauge- No. 100 55 51

discharge stations- agro-climatic No. 6 6 6

hydromet stations- additional class A No. 6 - -

evaporation pans- special river No. 3 7 4

gauging sites

INDIA

KARNATAKA TANK IRRIGATION PROJECT(Credit 1116-IN)

TABLES5A

PrQject Coats

Item Appraisal Revised Actual at Estimatedestimate estimate 3/89 balance costs

Local FE Total Total Total after 3/89Total

(US$ M) 1/ (US$ Ml 21 (US$ M) .1 (US$ M) 31

1. Construction of Tank 54.3 8.2 62.5 60.6 52.4 14.5Irrigation Projects

2. Hydro-meteorological 0.4 - 0.4 0.3 neg negstations and equipment

3. Technical assistance:- farmer's organisation 0.06 0.05 nil

and tank committeeStudies

- pilot TIP studies 0.92 0.73 nil- improved run off 0.03 0.02 neg

model studies- improved flood nil nil neg

studies

Sub/Total 0.1 - 0.1 1.0 0.8 neg

4. Equipment 4/ ni ni ni 2.1 1.9 nil

5. Engineering and ns ns ns 10.3 7.5 1.9Administration

Total base cost 54.8 8.2 63.0 74.3 62.6 16.4

Page 2 of 2

Item Appraisal Revised Actual at Estimatedestimate estimate 3/89 balance costs

Local FE Total Total Total after 3/89Total

(US$ M) (US$ M) 21 (US$ M) 31 (US$ M) 3.

Physical contingencies ni ni ni ni -

Price contingencies 12.5 1.8 14.4 ni -

and escalation

Total Project Cost (US$ M) 67.3 10.0 77.4 74.3 62.2 16.4

Total Project Cost (Rs. M) 565.5 84.5 650.0 943.6 971.4 254.1

Notes:

I/ US$ 1.0 = Rs. 8.402/ US$ 1.0 = Rs. 12.7 At September 1986, to include 79 TIPs.3./ US$ 1.0 = Rs. 15.5 To include 78 TIPs.A4. Other than hydromet equipment.

Abbreviations: ni - not included; ns - not specifiedneg - negligible amount.

- 2c -

KAWB'TAKA TANKS IRRIGATION PROJECT(Credit 1116-IN)

TABLE EiR

Project Financing

Planned in Credit Revised Final ActualSource Agreei.,nt (9/86) (4/89)

(US$ '000) .1/ (US$ '000) 1/ (US$ '000) 31

A. IDA Expenditure Categories

1) Civil works 48,526 45,446 53,7022) Equipment 457 1,948 2,2123) Technical assistance 106 369 418

and training4) Unallocated 1,911 0 0

Totals 51,000 47,763 56,332

B. Cofinancing Institutions nil nil nil

C. Other external sources nil nil nil

D. Domestic (GOK) 26,400 26,537 6,329 .5/

Total (US$ '000) 77,400 74,300 62,671 A/

Total (Rs. M) 650.0 943.6 971.4 4/

N /te0:

21 US$ 1.00 = Rs. 8.40; SDR 1.00 = US$ 1.126

i/ US$ 1.00 = Rs. 12.7; SDR 1.00 = US$ 1.098

i/1 US$ 1.00 = Rs. 15.5; SDR 1.00 = US$ 1.295

4/ Not total project cost, additional Rs. 254.1 M (US$ 16.4 M) to beexpended to complete prescribed works.

5/ As disbursements made throughout life of project were at differentexchange rates, this is not true cost to GOK.

- 21 -

INDIA

KARNATAKA TANKS IRRIGATION PROJECTr(-J. t III 6- I

TABLE 6A

Direct Benefits

i;:d cator \ppra i saa I "oai. tat( Fuill je1L iolmei;tcs t i mat t I mat mtate

1. iacrease ir. net .Jsi I6.8au 2,1,00irrigated area ('a)

benefittirg fari 80J0 11,10 16,417fam lies (Na)

3. Increase in ciopping 10 4u ,iintensity (I%)

1- Increase in foodgrain 63,000 7"U0 03,000/production (ton/year)

J. Increase in value of 105 9 105cash crop production

(Rs. M/year)

6. Increase in percapita 300 10i 300income M

7. Increase in farm 3 million 3.1 miiiion 1.8 millionemployment

(man days/year)

S. Increase in %alup added 100 14 109(Rs. MI/year)

u. Employment during I0 milli^n 15 million 40 millionco13struction overproject (man days)

1(. 'ncrease itn percapitatarm incomes- small farm 13u01 3.3 1300- medium farm 3700 8'6 3r00- iarge farr -.700 90 Ii 5'700

(Rs. /year)

11. Increase in aindless 100 830 10Olabourers income (i)

1/ Insufficient data is available to obtain any accurate forecast of foodgrainFroduction orcropping intensity. Main reason for expected increase in cropping intensity withoutcommensurate increase in foodgrain production is because of anticipated continued shifttowards non-food crops.

(revised 10/89)

- 22 -

I NDIA

KARNATAKA TANKS IRRIGATION PROJECT(C(redit 1116-IN)

TABLE 6B

Economic Impact

Economic Rate of ReturnConlfi6urat it!n/ Appralasll Estimate atassumpt ions est imatet

-_____-- (%)-

li '1/Whole project '0 3.6

Notes:

1/ Based on 120-160 TIPs, aggreaate area 2'5,000 ha.

2/ Based on 78 TIPs, aggregate area 24,100 ha.

- 23 -

XNAZA

(Credit 1116-IN)

Econ. Cost Incremental Net BenefitYear Stream Benefit Stream Stream

81/82 3.18 0.00 -3.1882/83 21.32 0.00 -21.3283/84 77.82 0.00 -77.8284/85 150.79 0.00 -150.7985/86 200.21 0.00 -200.2186/87 217.68 0.00 -217.6887/88 144.53 1.12 -143.4188/89 193.45 21.49 -171.9689/90 182.36 35.22 -147.1590/91 43.96 47.54 3.5791/92 12.12 57.80 45.6892/93 13.52 66.32 52.8093/94 13.52 70.74 57.2194/95 13.52 71.23 57.7195/96 13.52 71.23 57.7196/97 13.52 71.23 57.7197/98 13.52 71.23 57.7198/99 13.73 71.23 57.5099/2031 7.12 71.23 64.11

ERR 3.6%

Sowurna: Economic Evaluation Working Paper - Project Files. Estimate at 9/89.

Assmptins:

i) Traded commodities based on 1995 IBRD forecast: export parity usedfor paddy, wheat, sorghum, maize, cotton; import parity forgroundnuts.

ii) Standard Conversion Factor of 0.8 to convert financial to economicprices for non-traded items.

iii) Fertilizer valued at world market pr:ices 1995 projections (79% higherthan domestic retail price).

iv) Shadow wage rate - Rs 16 per day compared with unadjusted wage rateof Rs 20.

v) Costs include production foregone in submerged land.vi) Benefits assumed to build up over 5 years.

Table 6DPage 1 of 3

INDIA

KARNATA&U TANK IRRIGATION PROJECT

(Credit 1116-IN)

Studies

Title of Purpose as defined By whom Reference Status Impact of

Study at appraisal carried in SAR Study

out

1. Catchment To develop a computer model Center for # 5.02 (c) The study wam The model, has not

run off model which would with regional Water # 5.08 successfuJly carried been utilized by

for yield rainfall data, and with Studies, # 5.29 out, and the report project planners,

studies minimal stream gauging data, Anna Uni- submitted in September, either because the

estimate the yield of a tank versity, 1985. Four pilot tanks TIP had already been

catchment as a rapid design Madras, in were studied. The model designed, or as the 4

tool. conjunc- selected by Anna model was not

tion with University was not applicable to 24 hr.

KERS, suitable for catchments rainfall. This is

Mysore. with only regional 24 now being modified

hour tainfall records by Indian Institute

available. of Science,

Bangalore.

Page 2 of 3

Title of Purpose as defined By whom Reference Status Impact ofStudy at appraisal carried in SAR study

out

2. Water Users To investigate how the Indian # 5.02 (d) The studies were The r-commendationsorganization formation of water user's Institute # 5.30 completed and the final of the consultantsstudies organizations would ccntribute of Manage- # 8.20 (c' report submitted in were to introduce

to an increase in farmer's ment, Annex 3 March 1986. They were the three-tier tankparticipation in operation and Bangalore. reviewed by the Bank and ccmmittee system,maintenance of TIP's. found to be satisfactory. and were well

reasoned. GOK hasintroduced this_ystem in pr3occtTIPs, and is nowc,nsiderinq

refinementsrecommended by IIM.

3. Studies to To consider how the farmer's Indian # 5.30 The study was completed As a result of GOKassess the organisations could be used to Institute # 6.20 in March 1987, and review, watersystem of assist in water charges of Manage- # 8.20 (c) reviewed by Bank and charges were revisedwater charges ccllection, and to recommend ment, Annex 3 GOK. from January 1,collection revised scales of charges. Bangalore 1989. Farmers'with regard involvement was notto farmer's further consideredorganisa- as water chargestions, and to collection is maderecommend under establishedrevised scales Revenue procedures.of charges

4. Flood To develop a computer model Indian - The study wan awarded in With this model,estimation with which to estimate peak Institute March 1989. and is in rapid floodstudies floods using regional rainfall of Tech- progress. estimates based o',

with an analytical estimation nology, analyticalof Ryve's constant as a rapid Pawai, improvement of thedesign tool. Bombay present empirical

Ryve's formula.

Table 6DPage 3 of 3

Title of Purpose as defined By whom Reference Status Impact of

Study at appraisal carried in SAR Study

out

5. Labyrinth To develop in the model scale KERS, - The model studies have One pilot weir is

weir hydraulic proposals in published papers Mysore been progressing for being designed and

model studies in order to design, instal and several years, and in constructed, with

test a full scale weir early 1988 the Bank large estimated cost

(spillway) in a project TIP. advised KEPS to widen savings. At KERS,the scope of studies further larger scale

In early 1989, the Bank model tests will beadvised RERS to compile conducted.a general characteListicreport.

N'

Talef 7_Page 1 of 5

INDIA

XAMATAKA TANKS IRRIGATION PROJECT(Credit 1116-IN)

TABLE 7

Status of Covenants

Covenant Subject Deadline StatusReference for

Compliance

Project Agreement

Section 2.01 GOK shall carry out the project with due - During the years 1987 and 1988, GOKdiligence and in conformity with provided very inadequate budgetappropriate administrative, financial, allocations, and from time to timeagricultural and engineering practices, restricted the flow of funds toand shall provide promptly as needed construction divisions. Thesefunds, facilities and resources for the significantly delayed projectpurpose. completion, and may be considered to be

primarily responsible for the need fora three year extension. GOK has agreedto provide sufficient funds to completethe project by 3/91.

Section 2.05 (c) GOK shall not later than six months - Part I & III of the PCR prepared by theafter Closing Date prepare a Project Bank was sent to GOIIGOK on DecemberCompletion Report. 19, 1989 for their comments and

completion of Part II, but Part II wasnot received until one year after theclosing date.

Section 3.01 GOK undertakes that (a) TIPs shall be - Fully complied throughout.planned, designed, approved, implementedand operated according to agreedcriteria, and (b) individual TIPs to beprocessed in accordance with agreedprocedures.

Ible 7Page 2 of 5

Covenant Subject Deadline Status

Reference forCompliance

Section 3.02 GOK shall by the agreed date complete 3/31/83 Although the study was not completed

according to terms of reference a study rescheduled until March 1988, due to the need towith the purpose: to 9/30/87 monitor pilot TIPs each year, it was

(a) to investigate if water users' thoroughly executed. Water chargesorganizations, would increase farmers' revisions now fully complied.

participation in 0 & M of TIPs;(b) to recommend mode of effectiveparticipaticn of beneficiaries in 0 & M;(c) to recommend a system of watercharges in accordance with agreedobjectives of IDA.

Section 3.03 With the objective of recovering annualO & M costs, and to the extent possiblethe cost of capital investments, and M

considering incentives for and repayment o0capacity of farmers, GOK shall:

(a) considering recommendations in 3.02 3/31/84 Method of charging for irrigation waterby the due date review the method of rescheduled is laid down by State Revenuecharging for water supply and level of to 12/31/87 procedures, and may not differ between

water and water related charges for TIPs and other irrigation systems. ThusTIPs; and the covenant would not acpear to be

relevant. Level of water chargesrevriewed. Thus in compliance.

(b) as soon as feasible thereafter - Revised water charges introducedintroduce the appropriate system and statewide on January 1, 1989. Fullylevel of charges. complied.

Selected Water Rates (Rs/ha)

July 85 Jan 89

Sugar Cane 556 988Paddy (13t crop) 86 247Vlheat 54 148Cotto:n 59 148

Page 3 of 5

Covenant Subject Deadline StatusReference fcr

Ccmpl larnco

Section 3.04 GOK shall maintain the following - Fully complied, following initialorganisations within Irrigation delays in creating the pr-ocribedDepartment during the project execution units.period with adequate staff:(a) two project formulation cells andtwo quality control divisions in itsMinor Irrigation Wing;(b) Minor Irrigation Committee forappraisal and supervision of TIPs;(c) special appraisa' and supervisioncircle, comprising two appraisaldivisions, a technical monitoring andevaluation division, and anoperation,monitoring and evaluationdivision.

Section 3.05 GOK shall furnish to IDA promptly a - Regularly submitted and satisfactory. oproject summary for each TIP approved byMinor Irrigation Committee and minutesof the meetings of the Committee.

Section 3.06 GOK shall each year by March 31 furnish March 31 Regularly submitted and satisfactory.to IDA the forthcoming annual yearlyimplerentation program and an annualperformance surmnary of TIPs.

Section 3.07 GOK shall cause the establishment of - The recommended three-tier committeeseparate Tank Irrigation Committees for system has been established in all 78at least three TIPs before their TIPs. TIP comm:ittees were generallyconstruction in accordance with TOR's formed on TIPs before construction.laid down.

Table 7Page 4 of 5

Covenant Subject Deadline StatusReference for

Compliance

Section 3.08 (a) GOK shall (i) maintain its panel of - Dam Review Panel (DRP) was formed andexperts with qualifications, experience was acceptable to IDA. Designs areand terms of reference acceptable to IDA reported to have been reviewed beforeto review plans and designs of all dams construction commenced.and their associated structures withheights above streambed over 10 M orwith a gross storage exceeding 2.5 Mcu.m, or where significant destructionwould occur in the event of a failure,and(ii) cause the panel to examine whetherchanges in designs are required.

Section 3.08 (b) GOK shall cause the panel to - Site visits were very infrequent andperiodically inspect the dams to did not alwa3rs coincide with criticaldetermine any deficiencies in construction. stages of development. ID was dilatory

in complying with recommendations.Following representations by the Bank,the position showed improvement by theclose of the project.

Section 4.01 GOK to cause its departments and other - Accounts maintained satisfactorily, butagencies to (i) maintain separate audited accounts were not alwaysrecords and accounts according to sound submitted on schedule.procedures for expenditures under theproject;(ii) to furnish to IDA copies ofaccounts and financial statements foreach fiscal year, certified by anindependent auditor acceptable to IDA,not more than nine months after the endof the fiscal year.

Table 7

Page 5 of 5

Covenant Subject Deadline Status

Reference forCompliance

Section 4.02 GOK shall cause its departments and - Accounts and audits satisfactory.other agencies responsible for projectimplementation to (i} have theiraccounts and financial statementsaudited for each fiscal year byindependent auditor acceptable to IDA;(ii) furnish the reports of the saidauditors immediately after finalization,and (iii) furnish to IDA any otherinformation which IDA may require.

INDIA

KARNATAKA TANKS IRRIGATION PROJECT(Credit 11 16-IN)

Table 8A

Staff Inputs(in Staffweeks)

Stage of Fiscal YearsProject Cycle 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 TOTAL

Preappraisal 28.4 30.6 12.0 1.4 72.4Appraisal 61.2 61.2Negotiation 4.8 4.8Supervision 3.0 16.5 14.6 31.4 15.0 26.4 19.1 18.1 144.1Other 1.9 0.2 2.1

28.4 0 30.6 82.9 18.1 14.6 31.4 15.0 26.4 19.1 18.1 284.6

Tabl 188Page I of 3

ZDA

KARUNATAKA TANKS IRRIGATION PROJECT(Credit 1116-IN)

TALE 8B

Migsions

Stage of Project Month/ Number Days Specialisations Performance Types of CommentsCycle Year of in represented 1/ rating 2/ Prolems 3.i

Persons Field

1. Before Appraisal1/80 3 EN/AG/EC Identification misstcn2/80 2 3 EN/EC Reconnaissance m1ssirn4/80 2 28 WM/EC Water management prep.5/80 2 AG/EC Preparation

2. Appraisal to BoardApproval

8-9/80 5 20 EN/AG/EC Appraisal mission10/80 2 8 WM/EC Post appraisal1/81 3 5 WM/SOC/EC Farmers' organization2/81 2 3 EN Post appraisal

3. Board Approval toEffectiveness

4/81 2 3 WM/EC Mobilization

4. Supervisi n6/81 3 3 EN/EC 2/2 M/T First review8/81 1 3 EC Expediting11/81 1 2 EN Tech. training (FAO/CP)11/81 2 2 WM/EC Farmer's organazaticn2/82 2 2 WM/EC Farmer's organization2/82 2 4 EN Tech. training (FAO/CP)2/82 4 5 EN/EC 2/2 M/T Periodic super.ision4/82 1 3 EN Tech. training (FA/OCP)5/82 1 6 WM Farmer's organizations6/82 1 10 EN Tech. training (FAO/CP)7/82 1 4 EN Tech. training (FAO/CP)9/82 3 6 EN 2/3 M/T Periodic supervision

Table 8B

Page 2 of 3

Stage of Project Month/ Number Days Specialisations Performance Types of Comments

Cycle Year of in represented 1/ rating 21 Problems 3/

Persons Field

9/82 1 10 EN Tech. training (FAO/CP)

11/82 2 3 FIN/PROC Periodic supervision12/82 1 6 EN Tech. training (FAO/CP)12/82 2 3 MAN/EN Management review

4/83 2 6 EN Tech. training (FAO/CP)6/83 2 6 EN 2/3 M/T/HYD Periodic supervision7/83 2 4 EN Tech. training (FAO/CP)

7/83 1 2 MAN Management discussions

7/83 1 4 PROC Periodic supervision11/83 1 5 WM Farmer' s organizations11/83 5 5 EN/AG/EC 2/2 M/T/HYD Periodic supervision1/84 2 8 EN/WM Farmer's organizations

2/84 1 5 EN Expediting2/84 2 10 EN Tech. training (FAO/CP)3/84 2 8 EN/EC 2/2 M/T/F/RR Periodic supervision6/84 2 5 EN Tech. training (FAO/CP)8/84 3 5 EN 2/1 T/LA/AG Periodic supervision9/84 2 EN Tech. training (FAO/CP)

3/85 1 EN Tech. training (FAO/CP)4/85 3 5 EN/AG 2/1 T/M/AG Periodic supervision

11/85 6 5 EN/AG/PROC/FIN 1/1/2/2 M/LEG/LA/RRPeriodic supervision

3/86 1 6 EN Expediting

5/86 3 5 EN/AG 1/1/2/2 AG/PR/RR/ Periodic supervisionLA/LEG

7/86 2 3 PROC/FIN Periodic supervision

9/86 2 12 EN/SOC 1/1/2/2 LEG/AG/T/RRPeriodic supervisicn

11/86 1 1 EN Technical review

1/87 3 8 EN/AG/WM 1/1/2/2 LEG/AG/F/LAPeriodic supervision4/87 1 2 EN Credit extr. review

9/87 2 10 EN/AG 2/1/2/2 LEG/AG/F/ Periodic supervisionPR/LA

9/87 2 4 PROC/FIN Periodic supervision10/87 1 3 EN Technical review

2/88 3 5 EN/AG 3/1/2/2 F/PR/DS Periodic supervision

8/88 1 3 FIN Periodic supervision

9/88 1 3 PROC Periodic supervision

2/89 2 5 EN 1/1/l/1 DS/OP Final supervision7/89 1 3 EN PCR mission

Table 8BPage 3 of 3

Stage of Project Month/ Number Days Specialisations Performance Types of CommentsCycle Year of in represented 1/ rating 2/ Problems 31

Persons Field

1/ Abbreviations used:

EN - Engineers; EC - Economist; AG - Agriculturist; PROC - Procurement Specialist; FIN - Financial Analyst;WM - Water Management Specialist; SOC - Sociologist; MAN - Management.

2/ Performance ratings:

a) Previous nomenclature (prior to November 1985)1st indicator: 1 - minor problems; 2 - moderate problems; 3 - major problems2nd indicator: 1 - improving; 2 - static; 3 - deterio.rating

b) Present nomenclature (since NIovember 1985)rating: 1 - minor problems; 2 - moderate problems; 3 - major problems being addressed by borrower;

4 - major problems not being addressed by borrowersubject: 1st indicator - fundi.ng; 2nd indicator - project management; 3rd indicator - development impact;

4th indicator - overall status.

3] Abbreviations used:

M - management problems, including staffing, infrastructure, attention to project components and schedules;T - technical shortcomings (engineering); F - financial problems; RR - resettlement and rehabilitation shortcomings;DS - dam safety shortcomings; LA - land acquisition delays, including forest land release;PR - procurement infringement or delays; OP - system operation deficiencies; LEG - serious non-compliance with

covenants; AG - agricultural support shortcomings; HYD - hydrological component deficiencies.

Table 9Page 1 of 4

INDIA

KARNATAKA TANKS IRRIGATION PROJECT(Credit 1116-IN)

TABLE 9

Details of TIP's

f1District/TIP Zone 2/ Coumand Stage of Completion as at March 1989 Date of Estimated

Area Dam/ Distribution Micro Completion Cost (Rs. M)(ha) spillway network network

Bangalore ED (5)- Muninagara 300 1 2 4 12/89 3.4- Thattigupe 378 1 2 4 12/89 7/3- Medamaranahalli 320 2 2 4 6/90 4.2- Ravathanahalla 1250 2 2 4 6190 33.4 1- Hosadoddi 130 4 4 0 6/90 5.3- Doddathanda 275 4 4 0 12/90 9.0 1- Y.J. Gudda 800 4 0 0 6/90 43.5

Tumkur ED (5)

- Muchaveeranahalli and 105 C 1 1 6/89 2.4- Voddarahalli CD (4) 73 C 1 1 6/89 1.8- Balamadihalli 34 C C C comp 1.0- Bellibettadathore 70 C 1 1 6/D9 2.9

Kolar ED (5)

- Obleshwaragudda 32 C C C comp 1.1- Dandiganahalli 213 C C C comp 8.1- Kamareddipalli 56 C C C comp 2.2- Settikal 80 C C C comp 3.9

- Badipalli 65 2 1 4 12j89 2.6

Shimoga ST (7)- Jodithimmalapura and 80 C C C comp 3.0

H (q)

Table 9Page 2 of 4

1/District/TIP Zone 2/ Command Stage of Completion as at March 1989 Date of Estimated

Area Dam/ Distribution Micro Completion Cost (Rs. M)(ha) spillway network network

Chitradurga CD (4)- Arasinagundihalla 48 C C C comp 2.8

Mysore SD (6)- Mavinahalli and 30 C C C comp 1.2- Minnathuhalla ST (7) 1215 1 2 4 6/90 39.9- Kudregindihalla 816 1 2 4 12/89 25.4- Managallih.lla 100 C C C comp 2.0- Mantipura 163 C C C comp 6.4- Yerraganahalli 80 C C C comp 2.6- Bheemanhalli 160 C C C comp 5.0

Mandya SD (6)- Gudikalahalla 58 C C C comp 2.2- Bindenahalli 25 C C C comp 0.9- Kottigehalli 59 C C C comp 2.2- Mosarhallababy 95 C 2 4 6/89 3.4

Chikkamagalur CD (4)- Biagerhalla and 203 C C C comp 5.6- Aregundihalla H (9) 124 C 1 1 6/89 3.1

Dharwad ND (3)- Jelligere and 95 C C C comp 3.0- Asundinala NT (8) 900 C 3 0 6/90 19.5- Mundwad 700 2 3 0 12/90 20.9- Guddadachannapura 45 3 4 0 12/89 1.6- Veerapura 225 3 4 0 12/90 6.7

Uttara Kanada ND (3)- Durgadahalla 750 2 3 0 12/90 34.3- Attiveri 350 2 3 0 6/90 19.4

Table 9Page 3 of 4

11District/TIP Zone 21 Command Stage of Completion as at March 1989 Date of Estimated

Area Dam/ Distribution Micro Completion Cost (Rs. M)(ha) spillway network network

Belgaum ND (3)- Bidi and 120 C C 1 6/89 7.9- Hebbal NT (8) 110 C 2 2 6/89 4.7- Kadasagatti 165 1 2 4 12/89 5.5- Bhairapura 460 1 1 4 12/89 7.5- Yellammawadi 260 1 2 2 1s/89 7.2- Madhaobhavi 130 C C C comp 3.6

Biiapur- Yetanchi ND (3) 125 1 3 0 12/89 6.4- Herurthammadodi 114 1 3 4 12/89 14.0- Arasanal 58 4 4 0 6/90 2.9- Huvinahippergi 170 1 2 4 12/89 8.2- Aheri (Jambagi) 330 2 2 4 6/90 13.4 w- Godihal 250 2 3 0 6190 9.3 Q

Gulbarga NED (2)- Dinshi and 210 C C C comp 5.4- Bachanal NET (1) 134 C C C comp 4.3- Mavinsoor 465 C C C comp 7.2- Gobur 1000 C 1 Z 6/90 42.5- Vaizpur 375 C C C comp 10.9- Itkal 165 C C C comp 3.6- Hunshihadagali 66 C C C comp 2.5- Alur 'B' 400 C 3 4 6/90 14.2- Pangarga 220 C C C comp 4.0- Beeranahalli 1950 C 1 1 3190 60.8- Naunihal 350 4 3 0 6/90 8.7- Hadalgi 77 4 0 0 6190 3.3

Table 9Page 4 of 4

11District/TIP Zone 2/ Conmmand Stage of Completion as at March 1989 Date of Estimated

Area Dam/ Distribution Micro Completion Cost (Rs. M)(ha) spillway network network

Bidar NET (1)- Changlair 396 C C 1 6189 10.8- Jamalpur 180 C C C comp 3.9- Bonthi 188 C C C comp 4.0- Lada 170 C C C comp 3.0- Bandharkunta 420 C 1 1 6/89 8.8- Bardhapur 185 C C C comp 3.7- Bhopalgadbelkoni 1000 C 1 2 12/89 14.9- Almaspur 550 C C C comp 13.6- Khandikere 260 1 2 3 3190 6.1

nellary ND (3)- Hosachinnapura 50 C C C comp 2.1- K. Kallahalli 84 C C C comp 3.2- Rajapuram 150 1 4 0 6/90 4.3

Raichur ND (3)- Julugudda 120 C C 1 6/89 3.7- Indargi 170 C C C comp 4.7- Upperhirenala 1850 1 2 3 6/90 56.1- Narnal 85 C C C comp 4.2

Notes:

11 Abbreviations: C - completed; 1 - 762 to 992; 2 - 512 to 752; 3 - 26Z to 50Z; 4 - 1Z to 25Z;0 - not commenced.

21 For zone location, see Figure 1, Annex 1; for zone description, see Annex 1.

INDIA

KARNATAKA TANKS TRRTGATION PROJECT

(Credit 1116-iN)

TABTLE IDA

1/Distribution of TIPS by Zone,

Zone Appraisal projection Actual

…_______ ______________( 0 )…________

Northeastern Trans.ition Zone 17 17

Northeastern Dry Zone 8 10

Northern Dry Zone 20 21

Central Dry Zone 2 1

Eastern Dry Zone 9 18

Southern Dry Zone 13 15

Southern Transition Zone 13 5

Northern Transition Zone 6 8

Hilly Zone 9 5

Coastal Zone 3 0

Notes:

1/ By command area.

444 a

- 41 -

TNDTA

XAkNATAKA TANWK IRRTGATION PROJECT

(Credit 1116-IN)

TABLE 1 0B

1' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1/ni-stri-butijoin of TTPs byhuz

Size range Appraisal Actual(ha) estimate

---------------- (a)--_-__________-

Less than 100 34 31

100 - 200 32 27

200 - 300 9 12

300 - 500 18 14

500 - 1000 1 8

Above 1000 6 8

Notes:

1/ By number of TIPs.