world between the wars quiz 12/18 wwii and rise of dictators
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Dawes Plan and Kellogg Briand PactTRANSCRIPT
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World between the Wars
Quiz 12/18WWII and Rise of Dictators
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Uneasy Peace, Uncertain Security
• League of Nations weak• French strictly enforced Treaty of Versailles• Crazy inflation in Germany (1914: 4.2 marks=1
dollar, 1923: 4.4 trillion marks=1 dollar)• Dawes Plan: reduce reparations, matched
Germany’s yearly payments with ability to pay, loan to Germany
• Kellog-Briand Pact: 1928, pledge to not go to war, made war illegal
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Dawes Plan and Kellogg Briand Pact
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Great Depression• Causes:
– 1) overproduction of food/cotton/etc. led to falling prices
– 2) international financial crisis from crash of US stock market 1929 (credit)
• 1932 worst year– GB 25% unemployment, Germany 40%
• states lowered wages/raised tariffs to protect industry
• renewed interest in Communism• people turned to leaders with simple
solutions
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Democratic States• Germany
– Weimar Republic faced HUGE economic problems with no strong political leadership
• France – political instability
• Great Britain – economist John Maynard Keynes argued gov’ts should
put people to work so they have money to buy things, this would help end depression
• USA – Franklin Delano Roosevelt elected in 1932 – New Deal policy of active gov’t intervention in economy
(Works Progress Administration, Social Security, etc.)
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Weimar Germany
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The Rise of Dictators
Hitler's Imperial March
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In your opinion, which person is the most worthy of entry into the Hall of Fame or Wall of Shame?
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Terms• Authoritarian state - complete obedience to
authority as opposed to individual freedom • Dictatorship – one person holds all the power• Totalitarian state – gov’t controls political, social,
economic, intellectual, cultural lives of citizens• Fascism – political ideology where state glorified
above individual, led by dictator• Nazism – political ideology of extreme German
nationalism, strong anti-Semitism, anticommunism, and social Darwinian theory of social struggle
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Use the upcoming slides to fill in blank boxes.
Dictator Country Political Party
Type of Gov’t
Policies CharacteristicsBased upon events how would you describe this leader?
Hideki Tojo
nationalist Dictator, Totalitarian
Benito Mussolini
fascist Dictator,Authorit-arian
Josef Stalin
communist Dictator,Totalitar-ian
Francisco Franco
fascist Dictator,Authorit-arian
AdolfHitler
Nazi Dictator,Totalitar-ian
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Tojo Hideki
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Japan• 1920s- economic and political crises • Struggle between civilians and military to control gov’t• 1930s- military take over
– emphasized nationalism – absolute loyalty to emperor
• Manchurian/Mukden Incident – – 1931 Japan used “attack” on railway as excuse to take over
Manchuria (NW China and Korea)• Japanese wanted resources
• Became more aggressive towards West
• Closer w/ Nazi Germany; – signed Anti-Comintern Pact w/ Germany 1936 agreeing to stop
spread of Communism
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Mussolini “Il Duce”
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Italy and Mussolini• Benito Mussolini; “Il Duce”=the leader• 1919-
– created political group called Fascio di Combattimento (fascism)
• 1920-1921- – Formed Blackshirts to attack communists
• 1922- – Demanded more land for Italy; used nationalism– Forced king to make him Prime Minister
• 1926- – Mussolini closed down all free press – Made laws by decree – Mussolini recognized independence of Vatican in
exchange for backing of pope
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Josef Stalin
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The Soviet Union and Stalin• 1922-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) formally
created– power struggle with Trotsky, Stalin took over, kept Lenin’s policies
• By 1929 Stalin eliminated original Bolsheviks from Politburo (policy making body of communist Party)
• 5 Year Plans – transform USSR into industrial country in 5 year increments
• Collectivization – private farms eliminated, peasants worked land owned by gov’t
• Costs of Stalin’s programs: – 1) peasants hated collectivization, hoarded food, bad crop years led
to starvation of over 10 million people in 1932-33 – 2) continual purging of gov’t leaders (bureaucratic, military,
intellectual) from Stalin’s paranoia killed or sent to Siberia to forced labor/work camps (Gulag) by 1936 38.8 million arrested
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Franco
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Spain and Franco
• Spanish Civil War 1936-39-– fascist Franco led rebellion>overthrow
democratic gov’t• Hitler and Mussolini helped Franco-
– Hitler saw it as a test war• Pablo Picasso painted Guernica to
show horrors of the civil war• Franco won, set up authoritarian gov’t
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Picasso’s Guernica
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Hitler
Parade & Hitler
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Germany and Hitler• Nicknamed der Führer
– which means the leader, National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis)
• Militia called Brownshirts • Hitler thrown in jail, wrote his ideas in a book Mein Kampf
(my struggle)• Promised to create new Germany by:
1) giving $ to private companies to hire workers 2) rearmament – rebuild German army, navy, air force3) create pure German race4) blamed Jewish population for loss of WWI and Treaty of
Versailles• Appointed chancellor 1933-
– gained absolute power by act of Reichstag (legislative body)
• Purged gov’t of Jews, created concentration camps – large prison/work/death camps
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Nazi Germany 1933-1939• Aryan goal (pure German, blond hair, blue eyes, tall, strong)
– create Third Reich (third empire)• SS – secret police, ran concentration camps, had 2 principles:
terror and ideology• Joseph Goebbels amazing propaganda minister • used all means to convince people of Nazi ideology: movies, newspapers, posters,
slogans, loudspeakers in parks, mass rallies, etc. believed “if you say something often enough, people will believe it”
• Anti-Semitism: Nuremburg laws passed 1935 – Jews not allowed to be German citizens – Jews not allowed to marry German citizens – Jews had to wear yellow star of David, carry ID cards
• Kristallnacht – November 9, 1938 “night of shattered glass” Nazis destroyed Jewish businesses and homes
• sent many Jews to concentration camps • those who remained forced to clean up destruction • not allowed in public places
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Goebbels
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Kristallnacht
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Hall of Fame or Wall of ShameRead on the Dictators in Europe Create profiles on Mussolini in Italy, Stalin in the
USSR, and Hitler in Germany. You are “profiling” them! WWII 12/18
-Who were they?-What were their policies?-How did they treat their people?-How did the people respond?
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Hall of Fame/Wall of Shame• Select the person you think is the most worthy of entry into the Hall of Fame or
Wall of Shame.• Create a poster your selection as either a Hall of Fame candidate or Wall of
Shame candidate. • Include 6 adjectives of positive or negative character traits to display on their
poster.• Title Hall of Fame or Wall of Shame• Name of Person• All achievements• Illustration• A paragraph stating why they believe this person is worthy of placement in the
Hall of Fame or Wall of Shame.• Color• A frame or a border • All handouts and posters will be collected at the end of class