WORLD HISTORYMID-TERM REVIEW

WHOOOO

How did Mongol Rule influence Russia?◦ 13th Century Mongols conquered Russia, and controlled it for 200 yrs.

◦Mongols words, customs, and clothing styles found their way into Russian Culture.

◦ Economy and Political

Example: Mongols set a model for Russian rulers. A lot of power went to the princes who were looking for absolute power. It also set them apart from Western Europe

Example: Mongols were tolerant of other peoples religions

Which culture most influenced the development of early Japan?◦ Chinese and Korean

◦ Korea’s geographic location played an important role, because it served as

bridge for China and Japan

Animism and Shintoism◦ Animism = is the believe that many things in nature have their own spirit.

◦ Shintoism= a believe system based on nature and spirits.

◦ Practiced by Ancient Japanese people

What hindered( resulted in a delay) the early exploration of Africa by Europeans?◦ The topography and climate hindered the delay of European colonization's

◦ European people lacked the knowledge & skills to travel in the desert.

Examples: Sahara Desert

Very Hot Climates

How did Inca farmers adapt to farming on mountainsides?◦ Lived in mountains and created their own farming method

◦ Inca farmers invented Terrace farming

Pax Romana◦ A long peace period brought by Agustus for Ancient Rome

Pax Mongolia ◦ Pax Mongolia = known as the Mongol Peace.

◦ A time when global trade expanded due to the political stability provided by Mongol rulers.

How did the Catholic Church impact Medieval Europe?◦During Medieval Europe the Catholic church remained the single most powerful

organization in Western Europe.

WHY

Faith , Power and Wealth , Center for learning

Describe the Feudal System in Europe & Japan?◦ Feudalism= was the new order to help people survive the breakdown of the central

government and provide order.

Europe Japan

Small communities were formed

around the local lord & manor.

Describe the Encomienda System in South America?◦ A feudal system introduced by the Spaniards when they conquered Central & South

America.

What was the impact of the Mongol Empire on Europe & Asia in the 1200’s?◦ The Mongol Empire controlled a large portion of Asia.

◦Mongols controlled territory from eastern China to eastern Europe

◦ The Mongol Empire ruled people from China, Russia, eastern Europe, and India

◦ The expansion of the Mongol empire resulted in significant increases in trade and

travel between Europe and Asia

Suleiman the Magnificent and Akbar the Great similarities and differences?

Suleiman the Magnificent

◦ Suleiman = Ottoman Empire leader controlled trade in the Mediterranean Sea.

◦Ottoman controlled crossroads of trade, promoted prosperity and stability.

◦ Ruled for a long time ( 46 years)

Akbar the Great

◦ Akbar = Mughal Empire

◦United Northern India under his rule

◦ Promoted religious Tolerance.

◦ Encouraged learning, painting, music and literature.

African Kingdoms Ghana, Mali, Songhai ( Salt and Gold Trade)◦Ghana = 1st African Kingdom controlled West Arica Major routes ( Tax People)

◦Mali= Mansa Musa was the king.

- Built the city of Timbuktu which was an important center for universities

- Wealthy Kingdom ( Salt and Gold Trade)

- Mansa Musa introduced the world of Muslim

◦ Songhai= Largest kingdom of West Africa

- Traded across the Sahara Desert

- Expanded trade networks to Europe & Asia

Social Hierarchy of Spain’s Colonies in the Americas.Peninsulares ( Highest Class) individuals born in

Spain.

Creoles = People of Spain's Ancestry.

Mestizos/ Mulattoes Example: Creoles Lower Class= Mestizos Baby’s

Indio ( 2nd Lowest Class )

Example: Meso- America People

Negro = Black Skin individuals

Slaves = People were not free

Marco Polo & Ibn Battuta

Marco Polo

◦ Italian Traveler

◦ Traveled along the Silk road and visited China.

◦ Impressed with the invention of gunpowder and its use.

Ibn Battuta

◦ Arab Traveler

◦ Traveled to Africa and was very impressed by Mali’s wealth.

Caste VS’ Feudal System

Caste system ( India)◦ Placing people in occupational

groups.

EX:

Feudal System ( Europe)

◦ Basic government and society during the Middle Ages.

How does Japan’s geography/ access to resources impact their interactions with other nations? ◦ Lack of Natural Resources led to a policy of Imperialism.

Aztecs 1200-1521◦ 1300 Aztec's settled on an island in the center of the Valley of Mexico ( Lived in

Tenochtitlan)

◦ Practiced human sacrifices on a massive scale.

◦ Spain men conquered them, because Spanish soldiers had better military technology.

Incas ( 1200- 1535)◦ Incas built fortress in the Andes Mountains in the city of Machu Picchu

◦Quipu= bundle of knotted and colored ropes to count keep records, and send messages.

Explain the Guild system of Europe in the Middle Ages?◦Guilds in the Middle Ages were groups of craftsmen.

◦ Each guild focused on a specific trade such as the candle maker's.

◦ The guild system also prevented non-guild members from selling competitive products.

Who was Mansa Musa? ◦King of Mali

◦Salt and Gold Trade

◦ Introduce the religion of Islam

◦Built a giant Mosque in Timbuktu

What were some of the ways the Inca adapted to their physical environment? ◦ Cooperation and planning in Agriculture

◦ Build Terraces for farming

◦ Build stone buildings high in the Andes.

Farming Stone Buildings

Describe the geography of China, and how it affected China’s interaction with other nations?

◦ The geography of China shaped the way civilizations and cultural developed.

Examples

Deserts from North West

Impassable Mountains to the South ( Kept the Area Isolated from other civilizations ).

Define Polytheism◦ The believe in more than one GOD.

Hinduism Mesopotamia Shintoism

How did the Topography and climate affected the history of Africa?

Topography= the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area. European colonization of central Africa was delayed.

Define and Describe Subsistence Agriculture

◦ Subsistence Agricultural= farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families.

What were the technological advances made by the Tang & Song Dynasty’s?

Tang Dynasty

◦Golden Age

◦ Coins (Economy)

◦ Block Printings

◦Gunpowder

Song Dynasty

◦Golden Age

◦ Paper Currency ( Economy)

◦Gunpowder

◦ Compass

◦ Art

What were the impacts of the Crusades on Western Europe?◦ Increased the Authority of the King

◦ It increased the desire for trade with other parts of the world. ( Global Trade)

◦ This lead to the rise of the merchant class and the end of serfdom.

What are similarities between Hammurabi’s Code & Qin Dynasty Legalism?

Hammurabi's Code

◦ Sets of Laws

Legalism

◦ School of Chinese philosophy concerned with politics.

◦ Legalists made laws that if people did something bad they would get a arm or something off their body or harsh punishment

How are people encouraged to join the Crusades?◦ In November 1095 Pope Urban II called upon the knights of France to journey to the

Holy Land and liberate the city of Jerusalem and the Christians of the east from Muslim power.

Who was Prince Henry the Navigator and why is he important?◦ Prince of Portugal

◦ 1419 Started a school of Navigation

◦ Explored West African Coasts

Describe the basic beliefs of Confucius? ◦ Confucianism founder of Confucius

Major Beliefs Natural Order ( Natural Order in the Universe

And Human order)

Role of Each Person ( Each Person’s social role brings a number of obligations)

Relationships ( In each relationship , there is a superior and an inferior)

Mandate of Heaven ( the ruler benefits his people and provides them with food and protection

Describe the “ Triangle Trade” ?◦ African people were captured

and brought to Europe and America

as slaves.

How did trade networks change for Europeans merchants during the 16th century?

◦ Slaves worked in very harsh conditions, and did not profit money from their work.

◦ Europeans gained wealth.