world history poi unit 1

Roger B. Beck

Linda Black

Larry S. Krieger

Phillip C. Naylor

Dahia Ibo Shabaka

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Larry S. Krieger, B.A., M.A., M.A.T.Larry S. Krieger is the social studies supervisor for grades K-12 in Montgomery Township Public Schools in New Jersey. For 26 years he has taught world history in public schools. He has also introduced many innovative in-service programs, such as Putting the Story Back in History, and has co-authored several successful history textbooks. Mr. Krieger earned his B.A. and M.A.T. from the University of North Carolina and his M.A. from Wake Forest University.

Phillip C. Naylor, Ph.D.Phillip C. Naylor is an associate professor of history at Marquette University and teaches European, North African, and West Asian undergraduate and graduate courses. He was the director of the Western Civilization program for nine years where he inaugurated a transcultural approach to the teaching of the traditional survey. He has authored France and Algeria: A History of Decolonization and Transformation, coauthored The Historical Dictionary of Algeria, and coedited State and Society in Algeria. He has published numerous articles, papers, and reviews, and produced CD-ROM projects. In 1996, Dr. Naylor received the Reverend John P. Raynor, S.J., Faculty Award for Teaching Excellence at Marquette University. In 1992, he received the Edward G. Roddy Teaching Award at Merrimack College.

Roger B. Beck, Ph.D.Roger B. Beck is Distinguished Professor of African, World, and 20th Century World History at Eastern Illinois University. Having taught at international schools in Tokyo, Paris, and London, Dr. Beck also supervised student teachers and taught Social Studies Methods at Eastern for many years. In addition to a long teaching career at high school, college, and gradu-ate school levels, Dr. Beck has published extensively, including authoring The History of South Africa and co-authoring the college world history text A History of World Societies. He has also published more than 100 book chapters, journal arti-cles, and book reviews. He is a recipient of two Fulbright fellowships, and is an active member of the African Studies Association and the World History Association.

Senior Consultants

Linda Black, B.A., M.Ed.Linda Black teaches World History at Cypress Falls High School in Houston, Texas, and has had a distinguished career in education as a teacher of world history, American history, and Texas history. In 19931994, Mrs. Black was named an Outstanding Secondary Social Studies Teacher in the United States by the National Council for the Social Studies. In 1996, she was elected to the Board of Directors of the National Council for the Social Studies. She is an active member of that council, the Texas Council for the Social Studies, and the World History Association. She served on the College Board Test Development for Advanced Placement World History from 1995 to 2003.

Copyright 2012 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing CompanyAll rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, Attn: Contracts, Copyrights, and Licensing, 9400 South Park Center Loop, Orlando, Florida 32819.Maps on pages A1A47 Rand McNally & Company. All rights reserved.Portions 2010 A&E Television Networks, LLC. All rights reserved.The History Channel, History, H logo and History Education are trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. All rights reserved.Printed in the U.S.A.ISBN 978-0-547-49112-71 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 XXX 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 104500000000 A B C D E F G

If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited.

Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

Dahia Ibo Shabaka, B.A., M.A., Ed.S.Dahia Ibo Shabaka is the director of Social Studies and African-Centered Education in the Detroit Public Schools system. She has an extensive educational and scholarly background in the disciplines of history, political science, economics, law, and reading, and in secondary education, curriculum development, and school administration and supervision. Ms. Shabaka has been a teacher, a curriculum coordinator, and a supervisor of social studies in the Detroit Secondary Schools. In 1991 she was named Social Studies Educator of the Year by the Michigan Council for the Social Studies. Ms. Shabaka is the recipient of a Fulbright Fellowship at the Hebrew University in Israel and has served as an executive board member of the National Social Studies Supervisors Association.

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Patrick AdamsPasadena High SchoolPasadena, Texas

Bruce BekemeyerMarquette High SchoolChesterfield, Missouri

Ellen BellBellaire High SchoolBellaire, Texas

Margaret CampbellCentral High SchoolSt. Louis, Missouri

Nancy CoatesBelleville East High SchoolBelleville, Illinois

Kim CoilFrancis Howell North High SchoolSt. Charles, Missouri

Craig T. GraceLanier High SchoolWest Austin, Texas

Katie IveyDimmitt High SchoolDimmitt, Texas

Gary KasprovichGranite City High SchoolGranite City, Illinois

Pat KnappBurgess High SchoolEl Paso, Texas

Eric R. LarsonClark High SchoolPlano, Texas

Linda MarrsNaaman Forest High SchoolGarland, Texas

Harry McCownHazelwood West High SchoolHazelwood, Missouri

Terry McRaeRobert E. Lee High SchoolTyler, Texas

Joseph Naumann (retired)McCluer North High SchoolFlorissant, Missouri

Sherrie Prahl The Woodlands High SchoolThe Woodlands, Texas

Dorothy SchulzeHealth Careers High SchoolSan Antonio, Texas

Liz SilvaTownview Magnet CenterDallas, Texas

Linda StevensCentral High SchoolSan Angelo, Texas

Leonard SullivanPattonville High SchoolMaryland Hts., Missouri

Carole WeedenFort Zumwalt South High SchoolSt. Peters, Missouri

Rita WylieParkway West Sr. High SchoolBallwin, Missouri

Pat A. BrownDirector of the Indianapolis Public Schools Office of African Centered Multicultural EducationIndianapolis Public SchoolsIndianapolis, Indiana

Ogle B. DuffAssociate Professor of EnglishUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Mary Ellen MaddoxBlack Education Commission DirectorLos Angeles Unified School DistrictLos Angeles, California

Jon ReyhnerAssociate Professor and Coordinator of the Bilingual Multicultural Education ProgramNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaff, Arizona

Ysidro Valenzuela Fresno High SchoolFresno, California

Content ConsultantsThe content consultants reviewed the content for historical depth and accuracy and for clarity of presentation.

Consultants and Reviewers

Teacher Review PanelsThe following educators provided ongoing review during the development of prototypes, the table of contents, and key components of the program.

Jerry BentleyDepartment of HistoryUniversity of HawaiiHonolulu, Hawaii

Marc BrettlerDepartment of Near Eastern and Judaic StudiesBrandeis UniversityWaltham, Massachusetts

Steve GoschDepartment of HistoryUniversity of Wisconsin at Eau ClaireEau Claire, Wisconsin

Don HolsingerDepartment of HistorySeattle Pacific UniversitySeattle, Washington

Patrick ManningWorld History CenterDepartment of HistoryNortheastern UniversityBoston, Massachusetts

Richard SallerDepartment of HistoryUniversity of ChicagoChicago, Illinois

Wolfgang SchlauchDepartment of HistoryEastern Illinois UniversityCharleston, Illinois

Susan SchroederDepartment of HistoryLoyola University of ChicagoChicago, Illinois

Scott WaughDepartment of HistoryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles, California

Multicultural Advisory Board ConsultantsThe multicultural advisers reviewed the manuscript for appropriate historical content.

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The following educators wrote activities for the program.

Glenn BirdSpringville High SchoolSpringville, Utah

Michael CadyNorth High SchoolPhoenix, Arizona

William CanterGuilford High SchoolRockford, Illinois

Nancy CoatesBelleville East High SchoolBelleville, Illinois

Paul FitzgeraldEstancia High SchoolCosta Mesa, California


Tom McDonaldPhoenix Union HSDPhoenix, Arizona

Joy McKeeLamar High SchoolArlington, Texas


Myra OsmanHomewood Flossmoor High SchoolFlossmoor, Illinois

Dorothy SchulzeHealth Careers High SchoolDallas, Texas


Reviewers (continued)

Teacher Consultants

Charlotte AlbaughGrand Prairie High SchoolGrand Prairie, Texas

Mark AguirreScripps Ranch High SchoolSan Diego, California

Sharon BallardL.D. Bell High SchoolHurst, Texas

Bryon BorgeltSt. Johns Jesuit High SchoolToledo, Ohio

William Brown (retired)Northeast High SchoolPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania

Haley Brice ClarkDeBakey Health Prof. High SchoolHouston, Texas

John DevineElgin High SchoolElgin, Illinois

Karen DingeldeinCudahy High SchoolCudahy, Wisconsin

Joanne DoddScarborough High SchoolHouston, Texas

Jan EllersieckFt. Zummalt South High SchoolSt. Peters, Missouri


Korri KinneyMeridian High SchoolMeridian, Idaho

Jerome LoveBeaumont High SchoolSt. Louis, Missouri

Melissa Mack St. Margarets High SchoolSan Juan Capistrano, California

Harry McCownHazelwood West High SchoolHazelwood, Missouri


Joseph Naumann (retired)McCluer North High SchoolFlorissant, Missouri

Theresa C. Noonan West Irondequoit High SchoolRochester, New York

Robert ParkerSt. Margarets High SchoolSan Juan Capistrano, California

Janet RogolskySylvania Southview High SchoolSylvania, Ohio

Dorothy SchulzeHealth Careers High SchoolSan Antonio, Texas

Evelyn SimsSkyline Center High SchoolDallas, Texas

Brenda SmithColorado Springs School District 11Colorado Springs, Colorado


Leonard SullivanPattonville High SchoolMaryland Heights, Missouri

Linda TillisSouth Oak Cliff High SchoolDallas, Texas

Andrew WhiteMorrow High SchoolClayton, Georgia

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Student BoardThe following students reviewed prototype materials for the textbook.


LaShaunda AllenWeston High SchoolGreenville, MS

Brandy AndreasRayburn High SchoolPasadena, TX

Adam BishopJordan High SchoolSandy, UT

Jennifer BraggMidlothian High SchoolMidlothian, VA

Nicole FevryMidwood High SchoolBrooklyn, NY

Phillip GallegosHilltop High SchoolChula Vista, CA

Matt GaveStevenson Senior High SchoolSterling Heights, MI

Blair Hogan Leesville Road High SchoolRaleigh, NC

Ngoc HongWatkins Mill Senior High SchoolGaithersburg, MD

Iman JalaliGlenbrook North High SchoolNorthbrook, IL

Vivek MakhijaniDurfee High SchoolFall River, MA

Todd McDavittDerby High SchoolDerby, KS

Teniqua MitchellLinden-McKinley High SchoolColumbus, OH

Cicely NashEdmond Memorial High SchoolEdmond, OK

Brian NebrenskyHillsboro High SchoolHillsboro, OR

Jesse NeumyerCumberland Valley High SchoolMechanicsburg, PA

Nora PatronasAlba High SchoolBayou La Batre, LA

Lindsey PetersenStoughton High SchoolStoughton, WI

Nicholas PriceCentral Lafourche Senior High SchoolMathews, LA

Ben RicheyFort Vancouver High SchoolVancouver, WA

Karen RyanSilver Creek High SchoolSan Jose, CA

Matt Shaver Weatherford High SchoolWeatherford, TX

Richie SpitlerAtlantic High SchoolPort Orange, FL

Jessie StonebergBurnsville High SchoolBurnsville, MN

Kelly SwickOcean Township High SchoolOakhurst, NJ

Jason UtzigKenmore East High SchoolTonawanda, NY

Justin WoodlyNorth Cobb High SchoolKennesaw, GA


Teacher Consultants

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HISTORY programming greatly appeals to educators and young people who are drawn into the visual stories our documentaries tell. Our Education Department has a long-standing record in providing teachers and students with curriculum resources that bring the past to life in the classroom. Our content covers a diverse variety of subjects, including American and world history, government, economics, the natural and applied sciences, arts, literature and the humanities, health and guidance, and even pop culture.

The HISTORY website, located at www.history.com, is the de nitive historical online source that delivers entertaining and informative content featuring broadband video, interactive timelines, maps, games, podcasts and more.

Since its founding in 1995, HISTORY has demonstrated a commitment to providing the highest quality resources for educators. We develop multimedia resources for K12 schools, two- and four-year colleges, government agencies, and other organizations by drawing on the award-winning documentary programming of A&E Television Networks. We strive to engage, inspire and encourage the love of learning by connecting with students in an informative and compelling manner. To help achieve this goal, we have formed a partnership with Houghton Miffl in Harcourt.

We strive to engage, inspire and encourage the love of learning...

HISTORY is the leading destination for revealing, award-winning, original non- ction series and event-driven specials that connect history with viewers in an informative, immersive and entertaining manner across multiple platforms. HISTORY is part of A&E Television Networks (AETN), a joint venture of Hearst Corporation, Disney/ABC Television Group and NBC Universal, an award-winning, international media company that also includes, among others, A&E Network, BIO, and History International.

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10_01762_History_HMText_SE_FIN.indd 3 7/15/10 6:28 PM

In addition to HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT, our partners include the Library of Congress, the Smithsonian Institution, National History Day, The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, the Organization of American Historians, and many more. HISTORY video is also featured in museums throughout America and in over 70 other historic sites worldwide.

In addition to HOUGHTON MIFFLIN

In addition to premium video-based resources, HISTORY has extensive off erings for teachers, parents, and students to use in the classroom and in their in-home educational activities, including:

The Idea Book for Educators is a biannual teachers magazine, featuring guides and info on the latest happenings in history education to help keep teachers on the cutting edge.

HISTORY Classroom (www.history.com/classroom)is an interactive website that serves as a portal forhistory educators nationwide. Streaming videos on topicsranging from the Roman aqueducts to the civil rightsmovement connect with classroom curricula.

HISTORY email newsletters feature updates and supplements to our award-winning programming relevant to the classroom with links to teaching guides and video clips on a variety of topics, special off ers, and more.

Live webcasts are featured each year as schools tune in via streaming video.

HISTORY Take a Veteran to School Day connects veterans with young people in our schools and communities nationwide.

The Idea Book for Educators

Live webcasts

HISTORY Take a Veteran to School Day

Classroom resources thatbring the past to life


vi Program Partner

9-12_SNLAESE491127_FMHP.indd 6 7/20/10 1:17:54 PM

HISTORY programming greatly appeals to educators and young people who are drawn into the visual stories our documentaries tell. Our Education Department has a long-standing record in providing teachers and students with curriculum resources that bring the past to life in the classroom. Our content covers a diverse variety of subjects, including American and world history, government, economics, the natural and applied sciences, arts, literature and the humanities, health and guidance, and even pop culture.

The HISTORY website, located at www.history.com, is the de nitive historical online source that delivers entertaining and informative content featuring broadband video, interactive timelines, maps, games, podcasts and more.

Since its founding in 1995, HISTORY has demonstrated a commitment to providing the highest quality resources for educators. We develop multimedia resources for K12 schools, two- and four-year colleges, government agencies, and other organizations by drawing on the award-winning documentary programming of A&E Television Networks. We strive to engage, inspire and encourage the love of learning by connecting with students in an informative and compelling manner. To help achieve this goal, we have formed a partnership with Houghton Miffl in Harcourt.

We strive to engage, inspire and encourage the love of learning...

HISTORY is the leading destination for revealing, award-winning, original non- ction series and event-driven specials that connect history with viewers in an informative, immersive and entertaining manner across multiple platforms. HISTORY is part of A&E Television Networks (AETN), a joint venture of Hearst Corporation, Disney/ABC Television Group and NBC Universal, an award-winning, international media company that also includes, among others, A&E Network, BIO, and History International.

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In addition to HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT, our partners include the Library of Congress, the Smithsonian Institution, National History Day, The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, the Organization of American Historians, and many more. HISTORY video is also featured in museums throughout America and in over 70 other historic sites worldwide.

In addition to HOUGHTON MIFFLIN

In addition to premium video-based resources, HISTORY has extensive off erings for teachers, parents, and students to use in the classroom and in their in-home educational activities, including:

The Idea Book for Educators is a biannual teachers magazine, featuring guides and info on the latest happenings in history education to help keep teachers on the cutting edge.

HISTORY Classroom (www.history.com/classroom)is an interactive website that serves as a portal forhistory educators nationwide. Streaming videos on topicsranging from the Roman aqueducts to the civil rightsmovement connect with classroom curricula.

HISTORY email newsletters feature updates and supplements to our award-winning programming relevant to the classroom with links to teaching guides and video clips on a variety of topics, special off ers, and more.

Live webcasts are featured each year as schools tune in via streaming video.

HISTORY Take a Veteran to School Day connects veterans with young people in our schools and communities nationwide.

The Idea Book for Educators

Live webcasts

HISTORY Take a Veteran to School Day

Classroom resources thatbring the past to life


HISTORY vii

9-12_SNLAESE491127_FMHP.indd 7 7/20/10 2:51:05 PM

Tutankhamen death mask (page 39)

Atlas A1

Chapter 1 The Peopling of the World Prehistory2500 b.c. 2Video Stone Age Weapons 3

1 Human Origins in Africa 5History tHrougH Art: Cave Paintings 12

2 Humans Try to Control Nature 143 Civilization

CAse study: Ur in Sumer 19Chapter 1 Assessment 24

Chapter 2 Early River Valley Civilizations 3500 b.c.450 b.c. 26Video Iconic Structures 27

1 City-States in Mesopotamia 292 Pyramids on the Nile 35

soCiAl History: Work and Play in Ancient Egypt 423 Planned Cities on the Indus 444 River Dynasties in China 50Chapter 2 Assessment 56

Chapter 3 People and Ideas on the Move 2000 b.c.250 b.c. 58Video King Solomon 59

1 The Indo-Europeans 612 Hinduism and Buddhism Develop 663 Seafaring Traders 724 The Origins of Judaism 77Chapter 3 Assessment 84

Chapter 4 First Age of Empires 1570 b.c.200 b.c. 86Video Ramses' Egyptian Empire 87

1 The Egyptian and Nubian Empires 892 The Assyrian Empire 953 The Persian Empire 994 The Unification of China 104Chapter 4 Assessment 110

MultiMedia ConneCtions China and the Great Wall 111 MC1

CompAring And ContrAsting: Ancient Civilizations 112

Great Wall of China (page 108)

4 million b.c.200 b.c.

Beginnings of Civilization

Jewish Flood Story art (page 83)

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Roman fresco, Pompeii, Italy (page 167)

Asokas lions (page 190)

2000 b.c.a.d. 700

New Directions in Government and Society

Kuba mask, Africa (page 224)

Chapter 5 Classical Greece 2000 b.c.300 b.c. 120Video Delphi 121

1 Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea 1232 Warring City-States 1273 Democracy and Greeces Golden Age 134

History tHrougH Art: Greek Art and Architecture 1404 Alexanders Empire 1425 The Spread of Hellenistic Culture 146Chapter 5 Assessment 150

MultiMedia ConneCtions Ancient Greece 151 MC1

Chapter 6 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity 500 b.c.a.d. 500 152Video Ancient Rome: The Mobile Society 153

1 The Roman Republic 1552 The Roman Empire 160

sociAl History: Life in a Roman Villa 1663 The Rise of Christianity 1684 The Fall of the Roman Empire 1735 Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization 178Chapter 6 Assessment 184

MultiMedia ConneCtions Rome: Engineering an Empire 185 MC1

Chapter 7 India and China Establish Empires 400 b.c.a.d. 550 186Video China's Shortest Dynasty 187

1 Indias First Empires 1892 Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture 193

History tHrougH Art: Hindu and Buddhist Art 1983 Han Emperors in China 200Chapter 7 Assessment 208

Chapter 8 African Civilizations 1500 b.c.a.d. 700 2101 Diverse Societies in Africa 2132 Migration

cAse study: Bantu-Speaking Peoples 2203 The Kingdom of Aksum 225Chapter 8 Assessment 230

Chapter 9 The Americas: A Separate World 40,000 b.c.a.d. 700 232Video The Nasca Lines 233

1 The Earliest Americans 2352 Early Mesoamerican Civilizations 240

History tHrougH Art: Olmec Sculpture 2443 Early Civilizations of the Andes 246Chapter 9 Assessment 250

compAring And contrAsting: Classical Ages 252

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11th century Byzantine cross (page 301)

Chapter 10 The Muslim World 6001250 2601 The Rise of Islam 2632 Islam Expands 2693 Muslim Culture 273Chapter 10 Assessment 280

WORLD RELIGIONS AND ETHICAL SYSTEMS 282

Buddhism 284Christianity 286Hinduism 288Islam 290Judaism 292Confucianism 294

Chapter 11 Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact 5001500 298Video Byzantium's Call for Help 299

1 The Byzantine Empire 3012 The Russian Empire 307

HISTORY THROuGH ART: Russian Religious Art and Architecture 3123 Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia 314Chapter 11 Assessment 318

Chapter 12 Empires in East Asia 6001350 320Video A Mongol Empire in China 321

1 Tang and Song China 323SOCIAL HISTORY: Tang and Song China: People and Technology 328

2 The Mongol Conquests 3303 The Mongol Empire 3354 Feudal Powers in Japan 3395 Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and Korea 344Chapter 12 Assessment 348

MultiMedia ConneCtions Japan and the Samurai Warrior 349 MC1

Tang and Song China, movable type (page 329)

5001500

An Age of Exchange and Encounter

Dome of the Rock (page 266)

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Benin sculpture (page 421)

Illuminated manuscript (page 354)

Chapter 13 European Middle Ages 5001200 3501 Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms 3532 Feudalism in Europe 3583 The Age of Chivalry 3644 The Power of the Church 370Chapter 13 Assessment 374

Chapter 14 The Formation of Western Europe 8001500 376Video The Crusades: The Legacy 377

1 Church Reform and the Crusades 3792 Changes in Medieval Society 3873 England and France Develop 3934 The Hundred Years War and the Plague 398Chapter 14 Assessment 404

MultiMedia ConneCtions The Crusades: Crescent & the Cross 405 MC1

Chapter 15 Societies and Empires of Africa 8001500 4061 North and Central African Societies 4092 West African Civilizations 413

History tHrougH Art: Benin Bronzes 4203 Eastern City-States and Southern Empires 422Chapter 15 Assessment 428

CompAring And ContrAsting: Trade Networks 430

5001500

An Age of Exchange and Encounter

Emperor Charlemagne (page 357)

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Early globe (page 529)

Elizabeth I of England (page 493)

5001800

Connecting Hemispheres15001900

Absolutism to Revolution

Safavid shah (page 506)

Chapter 16 People and Empires in the Americas 5001500 438Video Ancient Maya: Power Centers 439

1 North American Societies 4412 Maya Kings and Cities 446

History tHrougH Art: Maya Architecture 4503 The Aztecs Control Central Mexico 4524 The Inca Create a Mountain Empire 459

sociAl History: Incan Mummies 464Chapter 16 Assessment 466

MultiMedia ConneCtions The Maya 467 MC1

Chapter 17 European Renaissance and Reformation 13001600 468Video Humanism Triggers the Renaissance 469

1 Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance 471History tHrougH Art: Renaissance Ideas Influence Renaissance Art 478

2 The Northern Renaissance 480sociAl History: City Life in Renaissance Europe 486

3 Luther Leads the Reformation 4884 The Reformation Continues 495Chapter 17 Assessment 502

Chapter 18 The Muslim World Expands 13001700 504Video Hagia Sophia 505

1 The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire 5072 Cultural Blending

cAse study: The Safavid Empire 5123 The Mughal Empire in India 516

History tHrougH Art: Cultural Blending in Mughal India 522Chapter 18 Assessment 524

Chapter 19 An Age of Explorations and Isolation 14001800 526Video Ming Dynasty Wall Building 527

1 Europeans Explore the East 5292 China Limits European Contacts 5363 Japan Returns to Isolation 542Chapter 19 Assessment 548

Chapter 20 The Atlantic World 14921800 550Video Godspeed to Jamestown 551

1 Spain Builds an American Empire 5532 European Nations Settle North America 5613 The Atlantic Slave Trade 5664 The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade 571Chapter 20 Assessment 576

MultiMedia ConneCtions Ponce de Leon 577 MC1

compAring And contrAsting: Methods of Government 578xii


5001800

Connecting Hemispheres

Early telescope (page 626)

15001900

Absolutism to RevolutionChapter 21 Absolute Monarchs in Europe 15001800 586

Video Ivan the Terrible: Might and Madness 587

1 Spains Empire and European Absolutism 5892 The Reign of Louis XIV 5963 Central European Monarchs Clash 6034 Absolute Rulers of Russia 608

Social HiStory: Surviving the Russian Winter 6125 Parliament Limits the English Monarchy 614Chapter 21 Assessment 618

Chapter 22 Enlightenment and Revolution 15501789 620Video Sir Isaac Newton: The Gravity of Genius 621

1 The Scientific Revolution 6232 The Enlightenment in Europe 6293 The Enlightenment Spreads 6364 The American Revolution 640Chapter 22 Assessment 646

MultiMedia ConneCtions The American Revolution 647 MC1

Chapter 23 The French Revolution and Napoleon 17891815 648Video Napoleon Bonaparte: The Glory of France 649

1 The French Revolution Begins 6512 Revolution Brings Reform and Terror 6563 Napoleon Forges an Empire 6634 Napoleons Empire Collapses 6685 The Congress of Vienna 672Chapter 23 Assessment 676

Chapter 24 Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West 17891900 678Video Miguel Hidalgo's Call to Arms 679

1 Latin American Peoples Win Independence 6812 Europe Faces Revolutions 6873 Nationalism

caSe Study: Italy and Germany 6924 Revolutions in the Arts 698

HiStory tHrougH art: Revolutions in Painting 702Chapter 24 Assessment 704

comparing and contraSting: Political Revolutions 706

Riots in Paris (page 690)

Louis XIV of France (page 588)

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England as an octopus in an American political cartoon (page 785)

Singer sewing machine (page 720)

Marie Curie (page 765)

17001914

Industrialism and the Race for EmpireChapter 25 The Industrial Revolution 17001900 714

Video Andrew Carnegie: Prince of Steel 715

1 The Beginnings of Industrialization 7172 Industrialization

Case study: Manchester 7233 Industrialization Spreads 7294 Reforming the Industrial World 734Chapter 25 Assessment 742

Chapter 26 An Age of Democracy and Progress 18151914 744Video Thomas A. Edison: Father of Invention 745

1 Democratic Reform and Activism 7472 Self-Rule for British Colonies 751

soCial History: Life in Early Australia 7563 War and Expansion in the United States 7584 Nineteenth-Century Progress 762Chapter 26 Assessment 768

MultiMedia ConneCtions Henry Ford 769 MC1

Chapter 27 The Age of Imperialism 18501914 770Video Dr. Livingstone, I Presume 771

1 The Scramble for Africa 7732 Imperialism

Case study: Nigeria 7793 Europeans Claim Muslim Lands 7864 British Imperialism in India 7915 Imperialism in Southeast Asia 796Chapter 27 Assessment 800

Chapter 28 Transformations Around the Globe 18001914 802Video China: Boxer Uprising 803

1 China Resists Outside Influence 8052 Modernization in Japan 810

History tHrougH art: Japanese Woodblock Printing 8143 U.S. Economic Imperialism 8164 Turmoil and Change in Mexico 822Chapter 28 Assessment 828

MultiMedia ConneCtions Mexico 829 MC1

Comparing and Contrasting: Scientific and Technological Changes 830

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Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (page 932)

Machine gun (page 848)

Mohandas K. Gandhi (page 866)

17001914

Industrialism and the Race for Empire19001945

The World at WarChapter 29 The Great War 19141918 838

Video The Last Day of World War I 839

1 Marching Toward War 8412 Europe Plunges into War 8453 A Global Conflict 8514 A Flawed Peace 858Chapter 29 Assessment 862

MultiMedia ConneCtions Dear Home: Letters from World War I 863 MC1

Chapter 30 Revolution and Nationalism 19001939 864Video Russia: The Romanovs 865

1 Revolutions in Russia 8672 Totalitarianism

Case study: Stalinist Russia 874History tHrougH art: Propaganda 880

3 Imperial China Collapses 8824 Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia 887Chapter 30 Assessment 892

Chapter 31 Years of Crisis 19191939 894Video Adolf Hitler 895

1 Postwar Uncertainty 897soCial History: Labor-Saving Devices in the United States 902

2 A Worldwide Depression 9043 Fascism Rises in Europe 9104 Aggressors Invade Nations 915Chapter 31 Assessment 920

MultiMedia ConneCtions The Great Depression 921 MC1

Chapter 32 World War II 19391945 922Video The African Front 923

1 Hitlers Lightning War 9252 Japans Pacific Campaign 9313 The Holocaust 9364 The Allied Victory 9405 Europe and Japan in Ruins 948Chapter 32 Assessment 952

MultiMedia ConneCtions Memories of World War II 953 MC1

Comparing and Contrasting: The Changing Nature of Warfare 954

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ISS satellite (page 1072)

Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin (page 965)

Chapter 33 Restructuring the Postwar World 1945Present 962VIDEO Joseph Stalin 963

1 Cold War: Superpowers Face Off 9652 Communists Take Power in China 9723 Wars in Korea and Vietnam 9764 The Cold War Divides the World 9825 The Cold War Thaws 988Chapter 33 Assessment 992

MULTIMEDIA CONNECTIONS October Fury: The Cuban Missile Crisis 993 MC1

Chapter 34 The Colonies Become New Nations 1945Present 994VIDEO Israel: Birth of a Nation 995

1 The Indian Subcontinent Achieves Freedom 9972 Southeast Asian Nations Gain Independence 1004

SOCIAL HISTORY: Changing Times in Southeast Asia 10103 New Nations in Africa 10124 Conflicts in the Middle East 10175 Central Asia Struggles 1024Chapter 34 Assessment 1028

Chapter 35 Struggles for Democracy 1945Present 1030VIDEO Tiananmen Square 1031

1 DemocracyCASE STUDY: Latin American Democracies 1033

2 The Challenge of Democracy in Africa 10403 The Collapse of the Soviet Union 10464 Changes in Central and Eastern Europe 10525 China: Reform and Reaction 1059

HISTORY THROUGH ART: Photojournalism 1064Chapter 35 Assessment 1066

Chapter 36 Global Interdependence 1960Present 1068VIDEO Renewable Energy 1069

1 The Impact of Science and Technology 10712 Global Economic Development 10753 Global Security Issues 10824 Terrorism

CASE STUDY: September 11, 2001 10875 Cultures Blend in a Global Age 1093Chapter 36 Assessment 1098

COMPARING AND CONTRASTING: Nation Building 1100

Nelson Mandela (page 1044)

1945Present

Perspectives on the Present

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1945Present

Perspectives on the Present Skillbuilder Handbook R1Section 1: Reading Critically

1.1 Determining Main Ideas R2

1.2 Following Chronological Order R3

1.3 Clarifying; Summarizing R4

1.4 Identifying Problems and Solutions R5

1.5 Analyzing Causes and Recognizing Effects R6

1.6 Comparing and Contrasting R7

1.7 Distinguishing Fact from Opinion R8

Section 2: Higher-Order Critical Thinking2.1 Categorizing R9

2.2 Making Inferences R10

2.3 Drawing Conclusions R11

2.4 Developing Historical Perspective R12

2.5 Formulating Historical Questions R13

2.6 Making Predictions R14

2.7 Hypothesizing R15

2.8 Analyzing Motives R16

2.9 Analyzing Issues R17

2.10 Analyzing Bias R18

2.11 Evaluating Decisions and Courses of Action R19

2.12 Forming and Supporting Opinions R20

2.13 Synthesizing R21

Section 3: Exploring Evidence: Print, Visual, Technology Sources

3.1 Analyzing Primary and Secondary Sources R22

3.2 Visual, Audio, and Multimedia Sources R23

3.3 Evaluating Internet Sources R24

3.4 Interpreting Maps R25

3.5 Interpreting Charts R27

3.6 Interpreting Graphs R28

3.7 Analyzing Political Cartoons R29

Section 4: Creating Presentations4.1 Writing for Social Studies R30

4.2 Creating a Map R31

4.3 Creating Charts and Graphs R32

4.4 Creating and Using a Database R33

4.5 Creating a Model R34

4.6 Creating/Interpreting a Research Outline R35

4.7 Creating Oral Presentations R36

4.8 Creating Written Presentations R37

Glossary R40Glossary in Spanish R56

Available @ Strategies for Studying History

Strategies for Taking Standardized Tests

Economics Handbook

Primary Source HandbookRig Veda, Creation Hymn

Bible, Psalm 23

Confucius, Analects

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War

Plato, The Apology

Tacitus, Annals

Quran

Sei Sho-nagon, The Pillow Book

Magna Carta

Popol Vuh

Niccolo` Machiavelli, The Prince

Sir Thomas More, Utopia

James Madison, The Federalist, Number 51

Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

lisabeth Vige-Lebrun, Memoirs of Madame Vige-Lebrun

Sadler Committee, Report on Child Labor

Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, The Natural Rights of Civilized Women

Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Points

Elie Wiesel, Night

Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston and James D. Houston, Farewell to Manzanar

Nelson Mandela, Inaugural Address

Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream

Cesar Chavez, An Open Letter

xvii


Religious and Ethical SystemsThroughout history, humans around the world have been guided by, as much as anything else, their religious and ethical beliefs. As you examine the worlds religious and ethical systems, pay attention to several important issues.

What beliefs are held by a majority of people in a region? How do these major religious beliefs differ from one another? How do the various religious groups interact with one another? How do religious groups react toward nonmembers?

Interaction with Environment Since the earliest of times, humans have had to deal with their surroundings in order to survive. As you read about our continuous interaction with the environment, keep in mind several important issues.

How do humans adjust to the climate and terrain where they live? How have changes in the natural world forced people to change? What positive and negative changes have people made to their environment?

World History Themes

Power and Authority History is often made by the people and institutions in power. As you read about the worlds powerful people and governments, try to answer several key questions.

Who holds the power? How did that person or group get power? What system of government provides order in this society? How does the group or person in power keep or lose power?

RevolutionOften in history, great change has been achieved only through force. As you read about the continuous overthrow of governments, institutions, and even ideas throughout history, examine several key questions.

What long-term ideas or institutions are being overthrown? What caused people to make this radical change? What are the results of the change?

While historical events are unique, they often are driven by similar, repeated forces. In telling the history of our world, this book pays special attention to eight significant and recurring themes. These themes are presented to show that from America, to Africa, to Asia, people are more alike than they realize. Throughout history humans have confronted similar obstacles, have struggled to achieve similar goals, and continually have strived to better themselves and the world around them.

xviii

9-12_SNLAESE491127_FM_xviii-xix.indd 18 7/1/10 9:00:24 AM

Cultural InteractionToday, people around the world share many things, from music, to food, to ideas. Human cultures actually have interacted with each other since ancient times. As you read about how different cultures have interacted, note several significant issues.

How have cultures interacted (trade, migration, or conquest)? What items have cultures passed on to each other? What political, economic, and religious ideas have cultures shared? What positive and negative effects have resulted from cultural interaction?

Empire BuildingSince the beginning of time, human cultures have shared a similar desire to grow more powerfuloften by dominating other groups. As you read about empire building through the ages, keep in mind several key issues.

What motivates groups to conquer other lands and people? How does one society gain control of others? How does a dominating society control and rule its subjects?

EconomicsEconomics has proven to be a powerful force in human history. From early times to the present, human cultures have been concerned with how to use their scarce resources to satisfy their needs. As you read about different groups, note several key issues regarding the role of economics in world history.

What goods and services does a society produce? Who controls the wealth and resources of a society? How does a society obtain more goods and services?

Science and TechnologyAll humans share an endless desire to know more about their world and to solve whatever problems they encounter. The development of science and technology has played a key role in these quests. As you read about the role of science and technol-ogy in world history, try to answer several key questions.

What tools and methods do people use to solve the various problems they face? How do people gain knowledge about their world? How do they use that knowledge? How do new discoveries and inventions change the way people live?

xix

9-12_SNLAESE491127_FM_xviii-xix.indd 19 7/1/10 9:01:24 AM

9-12_SNLAESE491127_FM_A000-A001.indd 2 7/24/10 10:28:58 AM

9,840 and over6,560 - 9,8401,640 - 6,560656 - 1,6400 - 656

3,000 and over2,000 - 3,000

500 - 2,000

200 - 5000 - 200

Land ElevationMeters Feet

Over 6,560Over 2,000

Water Depth

656 - 6,560Less than 656

200 - 2,000Less than 200

A l p s

Calgary

Haifa

Los Angeles

PUERTO RICO (U.S.)

CHINA

International Boundary

Secondary Boundary

Land Elevation and Water Depths

Type Styles Used to Name Features

Complete Legend for Physical and Political Maps

Country

State, Province, or Territory

Possession

Ocean or Sea

Physical Feature

Island

World: Political . . . . . . . . . . . . . A2World: Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . A4North America: Political . . . . . . A6North America: Physical . . . . . . A7

Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean: Political . . . . . . . A8South America: Political . . . . . . A10South America: Physical . . . . . . A11Europe: Political . . . . . . . . . . . . A12Europe: Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . A14Africa: Political . . . . . . . . . . . . . A16Africa: Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . A17Asia: Political . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A18

Asia: Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A20Australia and Oceania . . . . . . . . A22

Ancient World in the 7th Century b.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . A23

Roman Empire About a.d. 120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A24

The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires in the 16th and 17th Centuries . . . . . . . . . . A26

Revolutions in the Atlantic World 17761826 . . . . . . . . . . . . A28Latin America 18001850 . . . . . A30Latin America 18501900 . . . . . A31

Industrialization of Europe 1815 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A32

Industrialization of Europe 1910 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A33Europe 19221940 . . . . . . . . . . . A34Africa About a.d. 1400 . . . . . . . A36

European Partition of Africa: 19th Century . . . . . . . . . A37

Resistance to Colonialism 18701930 . . . . . . . A38

Middle East/Israel Political . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A40

Eastern Southern Asia a.d. 750 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A42Asia 1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A44

Russia and the Former Soviet Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A46

Boundaries

Symbols

Lake

Salt Lake

Seasonal Lake

River

Waterfall

Canal

Mountain Peak

Highest Mountain Peak

Contents

Borneo

Cities

City over 1,000,000 population

City of 250,000 to 1,000,000 population

City under 250,000 population

National Capital

Secondary Capital (State, Province, or Territory)

A T L A N T I CO C E A N

Vancouver

O N T A R I O

Paris

A1


Equator Equator

Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Cancer

Tropic of Capricorn

Antarctic Circle

Arctic Circle

Tropic of Capricorn

Antarctic Circle

Yukon

Missouri

Mis

siss

ip

pi

Color

ado

Amazon

Congo

Nige

r

Volga

O

b '

Yenisey

Len a

Chan

g JiangGanges

Darli

ng

Nil

e

(Y

angtze)

Gulf of Mexico

B a y o f

B e n g a l

Hudson

Bay

Baffin Bay

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

S O U T H E R N O C E A N

O C E A N

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

I N D I A N

A R C T I C O C E A N

North Sea


W e d d e l l S e a

CaribbeanSea

Black Sea

CaspianSea

M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a

ArabianSea

Re

dS

ea

South China

Sea

C o r a l S e a

S e a of Okhotsk

B e r i n g

S e a

Sea of Japan(East Sea)

Hawaiian Islands(U.S.)

Aleut ianIslands

Easter Island (Chile)

SouthShetland Is.

(U.K.)

SouthGeorgia(U.K.)

SouthOrkney Is.

(U.K.)

Galapagos Islands(Ecuador)

Newfoundland

Azores(Port.)

CanaryIslands(Sp.)

Spitsbergen(Nor.)

Franz JosefLand

NovayaZemlya

Crete

KerguelenIslands

(Fr.)

Sumatra

New Guinea

Tasmania

Java

Borneo

Mumbai(Bombay)

Anchorage

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Chicago

Houston

Mexico City

New York

OttawaMontral

Washington, D.C.

Caracas

BuenosAires

Santiago

Lima

Rio de Janeiro

Cape Town

Casablanca

London

RomeMadrid

Lagos

AddisAbaba

Cairo

Moscow Novosibirsk

Kolkata(Calcutta)

Bangkok

Guangzhou

Shanghai

Beijing

Tokyo

Jakarta

Darwin

Melbourne

Perth Sydney

Wellington

ALASKA(U.S.)

KIRIBATI

AMERICANSAMOA

SAMOA

TONGA

COOKISLANDS (N.Z.)

FRENCH POLYNESIA

RUSSIA

C A N A D A

U N I T E D S T A T E S

COLOMBIA

VENEZUELA

MEXICO

GUYANA

SURINAMEFRENCH GUIANA

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

PANAMA

COSTARICA

NIC.

HOND.GUAT.BELIZE

CUBA

JAMAICA

HAITI DOM. REP.

BAHAMAS

ECUADOR

EL. SAL.

PUERTO RICO (U.S.)

BOLIVIA

PARAGUAY

PERU

ARGENTINA

B R A Z I L

CH

IL

E

URUGUAY

IRELAND

UNITED KINGDOM

FRANCE

ICELAND

PORTUGAL

GREENLAND(Den.)

FAROE IS.(Den.)

BEL.

DEN.

SPAIN

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

HUNG.AUS.

CZ.

SERB.

SLVK.

BOS.

MA.KOS.MONT.

ALB.

MOLD.CRO.

GERMANYBELARUS

ITALY

P O L A N D

UKRAINE

ROM.

NETH.

LITH.LAT.

EST.

BUL.

SYRIA

I R A QLEB.ISRAEL

JORDAN

GEO.AZER.ARM.

TUNISIA

TURKEY

SWITZ.

CYPRUS

GREECE

MALIN I G E R

ALGERIAL I B Y A E G Y P T S A U D I

A R A B I A

N I G E R I A

CHAD S U D A N

LIBERIA

SIERRA LEONE

GUINEAGUINEA-BISSAU

SENEGAL

MO R

O CC O

CAPE VERDE

MAURITANIA

W. S

AHAR

A

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

BURK.FASO

COTED'IVOIRE

G A B O N

TANZANIA

ZAMBIA

REP. OF CONGO

KENYA

UGAN

DA

BURUNDI

R WANDA

ST. HELENA (U.K.)

CAMEROON

NAMIBIA

ANGOLA

DEM. REP.OF CONGO

E T H I O P I A

DJIBOUTI

YEMEN

E R I T R E A

S OM

A LI A

COMOROS

SEYCHELLES

BOTSWANA

ZIMBABWE

MALAW

I

SOUTHAFRICA

MOZ

AMBI

QUE

SWAZILAND

LESOTHO

MADAGASCAR

R E U N I O N( F r. )

MAURIT IUS

FALKLAND IS.(U.K.)

OM

AN

U.A.E.

QATAR

KUWAIT

TAJIK.

KYRG.

AFGHANISTAN

PAKISTAN

TURKMENISTAN

I R A N

K A Z A K H S T A N

I N D I A

U Z B E K I S T A N

N E P A L

SRI LANKA

THAILAND

MYANMARLAOS

BHU.

BNGL.

C H I N A

M O N G O L I A

R U S S I A

MALDIVESSINGAPORE

BRUNEI

CAMBODIAVIETNAM

I N D O N E S I A

PHILIPPINES

TAIWAN

MALAYSIA

PALAUFED. STATES OF

MICRONESIA

SOLOMONISLANDS

MARSHALLISLANDS

GUAM (U.S.)

NORTHERNMARIANA ISLANDS

(U.S.) WAKE ISLAND(U.S.)

PAPUANEW GUINEA

VANUATU

FIJI(Fr.)

NEW CALEDONIA

A U S T R A L I A

NEW ZEALAND

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

JAPAN

MIDWAY IS.(U.S.)

GAMBIA

TIMOR-LESTE

BEN

IN

GHA

NA

A N T A R C T I C A

6075

75

15 30 90 120 135 150 165

60

45

30

15

3060 7590 45 45105120135150165

75

60

45

30

15

75

60

45

30

15

75

60

45

30

15

10515

6075 15 30 90 120 135 150 1653060 7590 45 45105120135150165 10515

0 0

180

180 180

180

1000 2000 Miles0

10000 2000 3000 Kilometers

N

Robinson ProjectionM-101519-2

Copyright by Rand McNally & Co.

National Capital

Major Cities

Wo

rld

: Po

liti

cal

A2

9-12_SNLAESE491127_FM_A002-A047.indd 2 7/9/10 12:56:34 PM

Equator Equator


Tropic of Capricorn

Antarctic Circle

Arctic Circle

Tropic of Capricorn

Antarctic Circle

Yukon

Missouri

Mis

siss

ip

pi

Color

ado

Amazon

Congo

Nige

r

Volga

O

b '

Yenisey

Len a

Chan

g JiangGanges

Darli

ng

Nil

e

(Y

angtze)

Gulf of Mexico

B a y o f

B e n g a l

Hudson

Bay

Baffin Bay

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N


O C E A N

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

I N D I A N


North Sea


W e d d e l l S e a

CaribbeanSea

Black Sea

CaspianSea


ArabianSea

Re

dS

ea

South China

Sea

C o r a l S e a

S e a of Okhotsk

B e r i n g

S e a


Hawaiian Islands(U.S.)

Aleut ianIslands

Easter Island (Chile)

SouthShetland Is.

(U.K.)

SouthGeorgia(U.K.)

SouthOrkney Is.

(U.K.)

Galapagos Islands(Ecuador)

Newfoundland

Azores(Port.)

CanaryIslands(Sp.)

Spitsbergen(Nor.)

Franz JosefLand

NovayaZemlya

Crete

KerguelenIslands

(Fr.)

Sumatra

New Guinea

Tasmania

Java

Borneo

Mumbai(Bombay)

Anchorage

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Chicago

Houston

Mexico City

New York

OttawaMontral

Washington, D.C.

Caracas

BuenosAires

Santiago

Lima

Rio de Janeiro

Cape Town

Casablanca

London

RomeMadrid

Lagos

AddisAbaba

Cairo

Moscow Novosibirsk

Kolkata(Calcutta)

Bangkok

Guangzhou

Shanghai

Beijing

Tokyo

Jakarta

Darwin

Melbourne

Perth Sydney

Wellington

ALASKA(U.S.)

KIRIBATI

AMERICANSAMOA

SAMOA

TONGA

COOKISLANDS (N.Z.)

FRENCH POLYNESIA

RUSSIA

C A N A D A


COLOMBIA

VENEZUELA

MEXICO

GUYANA

SURINAMEFRENCH GUIANA

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

PANAMA

COSTARICA

NIC.

HOND.GUAT.BELIZE

CUBA

JAMAICA

HAITI DOM. REP.

BAHAMAS

ECUADOR

EL. SAL.

PUERTO RICO (U.S.)

BOLIVIA

PARAGUAY

PERU

ARGENTINA

B R A Z I L

CH

IL

E

URUGUAY

IRELAND

UNITED KINGDOM

FRANCE

ICELAND

PORTUGAL

GREENLAND(Den.)

FAROE IS.(Den.)

BEL.

DEN.

SPAIN

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINLAND

HUNG.AUS.

CZ.

SERB.

SLVK.

BOS.

MA.KOS.MONT.

ALB.

MOLD.CRO.

GERMANYBELARUS

ITALY

P O L A N D

UKRAINE

ROM.

NETH.

LITH.LAT.

EST.

BUL.

SYRIA

I R A QLEB.ISRAEL

JORDAN

GEO.AZER.ARM.

TUNISIA

TURKEY

SWITZ.

CYPRUS

GREECE

MALIN I G E R

ALGERIAL I B Y A E G Y P T S A U D I

A R A B I A

N I G E R I A

CHAD S U D A N

LIBERIA

SIERRA LEONE

GUINEAGUINEA-BISSAU

SENEGAL

MO R

O CC O

CAPE VERDE

MAURITANIA

W. S

AHAR

A

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

BURK.FASO

COTED'IVOIRE

G A B O N

TANZANIA

ZAMBIA

REP. OF CONGO

KENYA

UGAN

DA

BURUNDI

R WANDA

ST. HELENA (U.K.)

CAMEROON

NAMIBIA

ANGOLA

DEM. REP.OF CONGO

E T H I O P I A

DJIBOUTI

YEMEN

E R I T R E A

S OM

A LI A

COMOROS

SEYCHELLES

BOTSWANA

ZIMBABWE

MALAW

ISOUTHAFRICA

MOZ

AMBI

QUE

SWAZILAND

LESOTHO

MADAGASCAR

R E U N I O N( F r. )

MAURIT IUS

FALKLAND IS.(U.K.)

OM

AN

U.A.E.

QATAR

KUWAIT

TAJIK.

KYRG.

AFGHANISTAN

PAKISTAN

TURKMENISTAN

I R A N

K A Z A K H S T A N

I N D I A

U Z B E K I S T A N

N E P A L

SRI LANKA

THAILAND

MYANMARLAOS

BHU.

BNGL.

C H I N A

M O N G O L I A

R U S S I A

MALDIVESSINGAPORE

BRUNEI

CAMBODIAVIETNAM

I N D O N E S I A

PHILIPPINES

TAIWAN

MALAYSIA

PALAUFED. STATES OF

MICRONESIA

SOLOMONISLANDS

MARSHALLISLANDS

GUAM (U.S.)

NORTHERNMARIANA ISLANDS

(U.S.) WAKE ISLAND(U.S.)

PAPUANEW GUINEA

VANUATU

FIJI(Fr.)

NEW CALEDONIA

A U S T R A L I A

NEW ZEALAND

NORTHKOREA

SOUTHKOREA

JAPAN

MIDWAY IS.(U.S.)

GAMBIA

TIMOR-LESTE

BEN

IN

GHA

NA

A N T A R C T I C A

6075

75

15 30 90 120 135 150 165

60

45

30

15

3060 7590 45 45105120135150165

75

60

45

30

15

75

60

45

30

15

75

60

45

30

15

10515

6075 15 30 90 120 135 150 1653060 7590 45 45105120135150165 10515

0 0

180

180 180

180

1000 2000 Miles0

10000 2000 3000 Kilometers

N



National Capital

Major Cities

Wo

rld: P

olitical

A3


Equator Equator


Tropic of Capricorn

Antarctic Circle

Arctic Circle

Tropic of Capricorn

Antarctic Circle

Yukon

Macken

zie

Mis

siss

ip

pi

Color

ado

Amazon

Congo

Nige

r

Volga

O

b '

Yenisey

Len a

Yangtze

Ganges

Darli

ng

Nil

e

Huang

Mekong

Zambe

zi

Don

St.La

wrenc

e

Ind

us

Amur

Pa

ran

Orinoco

Gulf of Mexico

B a y o f

B e n g a l

Hudson

Bay

Baffin Bay

Gulf of Guinea

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N


O C E A N

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

I N D I A N


North Sea


W e d d e l l S e a

CaribbeanSea

Black Sea

CaspianSea


A r a b i a nS e a

Re

dS

ea

South China Sea

C o r a l S e a

S e a of Okhotsk

B e r i n g

S e a


East China

Sea

Aral Sea

Ross Sea

Aoraki(Mt. Cook)

12,316 Ft.3,754m

Vinson Massif16,066 Ft.4,897m

Mt. Aconcagua22,831 Ft.6,959m

Mt. McKinley20,320 Ft.

6,194m

Kilimanjaro19,340 Ft.5,895m

Mt. Elbrus18,510 Ft.5,642m

Mt. Everest29,035 Ft.8,850m

Ande

s

Appal

achia

n

Mts.

Caucasus

Zagros Mts.

Ur

al

Mt s

.

Alps

Atlas

Pamir

Andes

Mts.

A N T A R C T I C A

A F R I C A

A S I AE

UR

OP E

S O U T H

A M E R I C A

A U S T R A L I A

N O R T H

A M E R I C A

Madagascar

Sri Lanka

Gobi Deser

t

Great Sandy Desert

Gr

eat D

ivid

ing

Ran

ge

Victoria

Land

Wilkes LandEnderby LandQueen Maud

LandMarie

Byrd Land

Pata

goni

aMato Grosso

Plateau

Amazon

Basin

Gr

ea

t

Pl a

i ns

Can

adian Shield

S a h a r a D e s e r t

S a h e l

Congo Basin

RiftV

al l ey

Kalahari Desert

Decc

an

Plate

au

Himalayas

Plateau of

Tibet

Altai Mts

.

S i b e r i a

EthiopianPlateau

Ro

ckyM

ou

ntain

s

Cape Hatteras

Cape of Good Hope

North Cape

Cape Leeuwin

Cape Horn

Kamchatka Peninsula

Malay Peninsula

Antarctic Peninsula

Yucatan Peninsula

Baja California

Scan

dinav

ian

Penin

sula

Iberian Peninsula

Arabian Peninsula

BalkanPeninsula

Hawaiian Islands

Aleut ianIslands

Midway Is.

Palmyra

Kiribati

SamoaIslands

Tonga Is.

CookIslands

Marquesas Is.

Easter Island

Chatham Is.

Archipilago Juan Fernndez

SouthShetland Is.

Falkland Is.South

Georgia

SouthSandwich Is.

SouthOrkney Is.

Tahiti

Galapagos Islands

Tierra del Fuego

Newfoundland

Azores

CanaryIslands

Jan Mayen

Faroe Is.

SpitsbergenFranz Josef

LandNovayaZemlya

Crete Cyprus

SocotraLakshadweep

Maldive Islands

Seychelles

Kerguelen Islands

Sumatra

CocosIsland

New Guinea

Palau Islands Caroline

Islands

SolomonIslands

MarshallIslands

Tasmania

South Island

North Island

New Caledonia

New Hebrides

FijiIs.

Java

Borneo

HainanIsland

Guam

MarianaIslands

Kysh

Sakhalin

Honsh

Hokkaid

WakeIsland

Trinidad

Puerto RicoJamaica

Cuba

Greenland

Iceland

Cape Verde

Islands

St. Helena

Hispaniola

Mauritius

Reunion

Taiwan

Luzon

Mindanao

Celebes

Baffin Island

British Isles

Sardinia

Sicily

Cape Verde

Timor

London

Rio de Janeiro

Buenos Aires

Washington, D.C.

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Moscow

Cairo

Cape Town

Mumbai(Bombay)

Beijing

Sydney

6075

75

15 30 90 120 135 150 165

60

45

30

15

3060 7590 45 45105120135150165

75

60

45

30

15

75

60

45

30

15

75

60

45

30

15

10515

6075 15 30 90 120 135 150 1653060 7590 45 45105120135150165 10515

0 0

180

180 180

180

1000 2000 Miles0

10000 2000 3000 Kilometers

N



Meters Feet

3,000

2,000

500

200

0

9,840

6,560

1,640

656

0

Land Elevation

Water Depth

2,000

200

0

6,560

656

0

Wo

rld

: P

hys

ical

A4


Equator Equator


Tropic of Capricorn

Antarctic Circle

Arctic Circle

Tropic of Capricorn

Antarctic Circle

Yukon

Macken

zie

Mis

siss

ip

pi

Color

ado

Amazon

Congo

Nige

r

Volga

O

b '

Yenisey

Len a

Yangtze

Ganges

Darli

ng

Nil

e

Huang

Mekong

Zambe

zi

Don

St.La

wrenc

e

Ind

us

Amur

Pa

ran

Orinoco

Gulf of Mexico

B a y o f

B e n g a l

Hudson

Bay

Baffin Bay

Gulf of Guinea

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N


O C E A N

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

I N D I A N


North Sea


W e d d e l l S e a

CaribbeanSea

Black Sea

CaspianSea


A r a b i a nS e a

Re

dS

ea

South China Sea

C o r a l S e a

S e a of Okhotsk

B e r i n g

S e a


East China

Sea

Aral Sea

Ross Sea

Aoraki(Mt. Cook)

12,316 Ft.3,754m

Vinson Massif16,066 Ft.4,897m


Mt. McKinley20,320 Ft.

6,194m

Kilimanjaro19,340 Ft.5,895m

Mt. Elbrus18,510 Ft.5,642m

Mt. Everest29,035 Ft.8,850m

Ande

s

Appal

achia

n

Mts.

Caucasus

Zagros Mts.

Ur

al

Mt s

.

Alps

Atlas

Pamir

Andes

Mts.

A N T A R C T I C A

A F R I C A

A S I AE

UR

OP E

S O U T H

A M E R I C A

A U S T R A L I A

N O R T H

A M E R I C A

Madagascar

Sri Lanka

Gobi Deser

t

Great Sandy Desert

Gr

eat D

ivid

ing

Ran

ge

Victoria

Land

Wilkes LandEnderby LandQueen Maud

LandMarie

Byrd Land

Pata

goni

a

Mato Grosso Plateau

Amazon

Basin

Gr

ea

t

Pl a

i ns

Can

adian Shield

S a h a r a D e s e r t

S a h e l

Congo Basin

RiftV

al l ey

Kalahari Desert

Decc

an

Plate

au

Himalayas

Plateau of

Tibet

Altai Mts

.

S i b e r i a

EthiopianPlateau

Ro

ckyM

ou

ntain

s

Cape Hatteras

Cape of Good Hope

North Cape

Cape Leeuwin

Cape Horn

Kamchatka Peninsula

Malay Peninsula

Antarctic Peninsula

Yucatan Peninsula

Baja California

Scan

dinav

ian

Penin

sula

Iberian Peninsula

Arabian Peninsula

BalkanPeninsula

Hawaiian Islands

Aleut ianIslands

Midway Is.

Palmyra

Kiribati

SamoaIslands

Tonga Is.

CookIslands

Marquesas Is.

Easter Island

Chatham Is.

Archipilago Juan Fernndez

SouthShetland Is.

Falkland Is.South

Georgia

SouthSandwich Is.

SouthOrkney Is.

Tahiti

Galapagos Islands

Tierra del Fuego

Newfoundland

Azores

CanaryIslands

Jan Mayen

Faroe Is.

SpitsbergenFranz Josef

LandNovayaZemlya

Crete Cyprus

SocotraLakshadweep

Maldive Islands

Seychelles

Kerguelen Islands

Sumatra

CocosIsland

New Guinea

Palau Islands Caroline

Islands

SolomonIslands

MarshallIslands

Tasmania

South Island

North Island

New Caledonia

New Hebrides

FijiIs.

Java

Borneo

HainanIsland

Guam

MarianaIslands

Kysh

Sakhalin

Honsh

Hokkaid

WakeIsland

Trinidad

Puerto RicoJamaica

Cuba

Greenland

Iceland

Cape Verde

Islands

St. Helena

Hispaniola

Mauritius

Reunion

Taiwan

Luzon

Mindanao

Celebes

Baffin Island

British Isles

Sardinia

Sicily

Cape Verde

Timor

London

Rio de Janeiro

Buenos Aires

Washington, D.C.

Vancouver

Los Angeles

Moscow

Cairo

Cape Town

Mumbai(Bombay)

Beijing

Sydney

6075

75

15 30 90 120 135 150 165

60

45

30

15

3060 7590 45 45105120135150165

75

60

45

30

15

75

60

45

30

15

75

60

45

30

15

10515

6075 15 30 90 120 135 150 1653060 7590 45 45105120135150165 10515

0 0

180

180 180

180

1000 2000 Miles0

10000 2000 3000 Kilometers

N



Meters Feet

3,000

2,000

500

200

0

9,840

6,560

1,640

656

0

Land Elevation

Water Depth

2,000

200

0

6,560

656

0

Wo

rld: P

hysical

A5


Missouri

Red


GREE

NLAN

D

U.S.

ME

XI

CO

CA N A D

A

BELIZE

CUBA

EL SALVADOR

GUATEMALA

HAITIJAMAICA

NICARAGUA

DOMINICAN

REPUBLIC

BAHAMAS

COSTA RICA

PANAMA

HONDURAS

ICEL

AND

PUERTO

RICO(U.S.)

(Denm

ark)

BERMUD

A (U.K.)

COLOMBIA

VENEZUELA

BRAZIL

RUSSIA

El lesmer eI sl an d

B a f f i nI s l a n d

Al e u t i a n

I s l a n d s

Que en

E l i z ab e t h

I s l an d s

Newfoundland

DevonIsland

Victoria Island

BanksIsland

St.

La

wre

nce

Yukon

C

olor

ado

GreatBearLake

Ma

cken

zie

GreatSlaveLake

Peace

Sask

at

chewa

n

Nelson

LakeWinnipeg

Columbia

GreatSaltLake

La

ke

Mic

hig

an

Arkansas

Mis

siss

i pp

i

Rio

Gra

nde

Lago deNicaragua

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake

Erie

L.Ontario

O

hio

Be

ring

Se

a BeaufortSea


PA

CI F

I C

OC

EA

N

A T LA N

T IC

O C EA N

C A R IB B E

A N

S E A

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

G U L F O FM E X I C O

Baffin

Bay

Gulf of Alaska

BeringStr

ait

Gulf of

St. Law

rence

Golfode

Panam

BayHudson

PrudhoeBay

Gu

lfof

Californ

ia

Tropic of Ca

ncer

North Pole

Arct

icCi

rcle

Equator

Arctic

Circle

Tropic of Cancer

SOUTHAMERI

CA

A S I A

Santo

Domingo

Havana

San Jos

Ottawa

Panama

City

Mexico City

Washingto

n D.C.

Godt

hab

Rey

kja

vik

Bogot

Caracas

Nassau

San Salvador

Managua

KingstonPort-a

u-

Prince

Tegucigalpa

Belmopan

Guatemala City

Fairbanks

Victoria

Whitehorse Yellowknife

Quebc Halifax

St. John

's

Saint John

Norfolk

Thunder Bay

Regina

Saskatoon

Juneau

Valdez

Spokane

Billings

Cancn

Portland

Seattle

Acapulco

Albuquerque

Chihuahua

Len

Sacramento OmahaSan Francisco

Tijuana OklahomaCity

Veracruz

San Luis Potos

Charlotte

Cleveland

Kansas City Cincinnati

Memphis

Miami

MilwaukeeMinneapolis

New Orleans

St. Louis

Tampa

Mrida

CiudadJurez

Edmonton

Winnipeg

Atlanta

Boston

Nashville

Vancouver

Denver

Calgary

Jacksonville

Indianapolis

Detroit

AnchorageLas Vegas

TorrenCuliacn

Hermosillo

Los AngelesSan Diego

Chicago

Houston

Montral

New York

Philadelphia

Guadalajara

Puebla

Monterrey

Toronto

Phoenix

Dallas

San Antonio

60 70

170

80 7080

120 110

130

90 80 70100

140

150

160

10

50

30

40

170

40

20

10

30

50

60

010

20

30

40

50

180160

140120 100

60

40

0

0

0

180

20

400 1000 Miles8000 200 600

900 12000 300 600 1500 Kilometers

N

Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area ProjectionCopyright by Rand McNally & Co.

National Capital




No

rth

Am

eric

a: P

oli

tica

l

A6


Mt. Whitney14,494

Ft.4,418m

Mt. Logan19,551 Ft.5,959m

Mt. McKinley

20,320 Ft.

6,194m

Ro

ck

yM

ou

nt

ai

ns

Alaska Range

Sierra

Mad

reO

riental

Sierra

Mad

reO

ccidental

Ap p

al a

ch

i a

n

Mt s

.

Sierra

Ne

vad

a

Coas

tRan

ges Ca

sc

ade

Ran

ge

Co

as

tM

ou

nt

ai n

s

Br o

o ks

R a n g e

Ice Ca

p

Gr

ea

tP

la

in

sC

an

ad

ia

nS

h i e l d

C oa

st a

lP

l ai n

TheEverglades

P l a te a uO z

a rkC o l o r a d oP l a t e a u

G r e a tB a s i n

Pninsule

d'Ungava

YucatnPeninsula

Ba j a

Ca l i f o r n i a

Alaska Peninsula

QueenCharlotteIslands

Vancouver Island

Point

Hope

Point

Barrow

Cape

Adai

r

Cape

Mercy

CapeCanav

eral

Cape Co

d

Cape

Hatteras

Cape BlancoCape Mendocino

Cabo SanLucas

Bathurst

Cape

Cape

Far

vel

Gulf ofCampeche

FoxeBasin

JamesBay

Niagara F

alls

Al

ba

ny

Kuskokwim

Snake

Red

Missouri

LakeAthabasca

G r e a t

L a k e s

No

rwe

gia

nS

ea


GREE

NLAN

D

U.S.

ME

XI

CO

CA N A D

A

BELIZE

CUBA

EL SALVADOR

GUATEMALA

HAITI

JAMAICA

NICARAGUA

DOMINICAN

REPUBLIC

BAHAMAS

COSTA RICA

PANAMA

HONDURAS

ICEL

AND

PUERTO

RICO (U.S.)

(Denm

ark)

BERMUD

A (U.K.)

COLOMBIA

VENEZUELA

BRAZIL

RUSSIA

El l

esm

er e

I sl a

n d

B a f f i nI s l a n d

Al e u t i a n

I s l a n d s

Q ue e n

E l i z ab e t h

I s l an d s

Newfou

ndland

DevonIsland

Victoria Island

BanksIsland

St.

La

wre

nce

Yukon

C

olor

ado

GreatBearLake

Ma

cken

zie

GreatSlaveLake

PeaceSa

skat

chewa

n

Nelson

LakeWinnipeg

Columbia

GreatSaltLake

La

ke

Mic

hig

an

Arkansas

Mis

siss

i pp

i

Rio

Gra

nde

Lago deNicaragua

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake

Erie

L.Ontario

O

hio

Be

ring

Se

a BeaufortSea


PA

CI F

I C

OC

EA

N

A T LA N

T IC

O C EA N

C A R IB B E

A N

S E A

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

G U L F O FM E X I C O

Baffin

Bay

Gulf of Alaska

BeringStr

ait

Gulf of

St. Law

rence

Golfode

Panam

BayHudson

PrudhoeBay

Gu

lfof

Californ

ia

Tropic

of Cancer

North Pole

Arct

icCi

rcle

Equator

Arctic

Circle

Tropic of Cancer

SOUTHAMERI

CA

A S I A

Churchill

Whitehorse

EdmontonVancouver

Denver

Miami

Ottawa

Washingto

n D.C.

Anchorage

Los Angeles

Mexico City

Havana

Chicago

Montral

New York

Houston

60 70

170

80 7080

120 110130 90 80 70100

140

150

160

10

50

30

40

170

40

20

10

30

50

60

010

20

30

40

50

180160

140120 100

60

40

0

0

0

180

20

400 1000 Miles8000 200 600

900 12000 300 600 1500 Kilometers

N


Meters Feet

3,000

2,000

500

200

0

9,840

6,560

1,640

656

0

Land Elevation

Water Depth

2,000

200

0

6,560

656

0

No

rth A

merica: P

hysical

A7


Lake Okeechobee

Lago deNicaragua

Lago de Maracaibo

Orinoco

Orinoc o

Rio G

rande

Tropic of Cancer

Tropic of Cancer G U L F O F

M E X I C O

P A C I F I C O C E A N

C A R I B B E AN S E A

A T L A NT I C

O C EA N

Gu

lf

o

f

C

al

if

or

ni

a

Golfo de

Panam

Golfo deTehuantepec

Gulf of Honduras

Straits of

Florida

PanamaCanal

Ca n a l d e Y

uc a t n

Gulf ofCampeche

TegucigalpaGuatemalaCity

Mexico City

San Salvador

Managua

San Jos

Havana

Port-au-Prince

SantoDomingo S

anJuan

Kingston

Belmopan

PanamaCity

Basseterre

Saint John's

Roseau

CastriesBridgeto

wn

Saint

George's

Port of Spain

Nassau

Georgetown

Caracas

Bogot

Kingstown

N

Lambert Conformal Conic Projection

National Capital

Secondary Capital(State, Province, or Territory)




Copyright by Rand McNally.

Mex

ico

, Cen

tral

Am

eric

a, a

nd

th

e C

arib

bea

n: P

oli

tica

l

A8


Lake Okeechobee

Lago deNicaragua

Lago de Maracaibo

Orinoco

Orinoc o

Rio G

rande

Tropic of Cancer

Tropic of Cancer G U L F O F

M E X I C O

P A C I F I C O C E A N

C A R I B B E AN S E A

A T L A NT I C

O C EA N

Gu

lf

o

f

C

al

if

or

ni

a

Golfo de

Panam

Golfo deTehuantepec

Gulf of Honduras

Straits of

Florida

PanamaCanal

Ca n a l d e Y

uc a t n

Gulf ofCampeche

TegucigalpaGuatemalaCity

Mexico City

San Salvador

Managua

San Jos

Havana

Port-au-Prince

SantoDomingo S

anJuan

Kingston

Belmopan

PanamaCity

Basseterre

Saint John's

Roseau

CastriesBridgeto

wn

Saint

George's

Port of Spain

Nassau

Georgetown

Caracas

Bogot

Kingstown

N

Lambert Conformal Conic Projection

National Capital

Secondary Capital(State, Province, or Territory)




Copyright by Rand McNally.

Mexico

, Cen

tral Am

erica, and

the C

aribb

ean: P

olitical

A9


Tierra delFuego

EastFalkland

Chilo

Archipilago de

los Chonos

WestFalkland

SouthGeorgia(U.K.)SouthSandwichIslands (U.K.)

L e ss e rA

ntilles

GalapagosIslands

(Ec.)

Isla San Felix

(Chile)

Isla San Ambrosio

(Chile)

Archipilago

Juan Fernndez

(Chile)

South ShetlandIslands (U.K.)

South OrkneyIslands (U.K.)

Ma

gdal

ena

JapurNegroPutumayo

Ucaya

li

M

adeir

a

Juru

Amazon

Ta

paj

s

Para

n

Orinoco

LakeTiticaca

Amazo

n

Pa

r an

To

can

tin

s


C A R I B B E A N S E AA T L A N T I C

O C E A N

D r a k e P a s s a g e

Strait of Magellan

GULFOF

MEXICO

Ro de la Plata

Tropic of Capricorn

Equator

NORTH AMERICA

O CE A NP

A C IF I C

MEXICOBELIZE

GUATEMALA

EL SALVADOR

HONDURAS

NICARAGUA

COSTA RICA

PANAMA

JAMAICA

C U B AHAITI

DOMINICANREPUBLIC

TRINIDAD ANDTOBAGO

PUERTORICO(U.S.)

AR

GE

NT

IN

A

CH

IL

E

C O L O M B I A

V E N E Z U E L AGUYANA

SURINAME FRENCHGUIANA

B R A Z I L

ECUADOR

B O L I V I A

PARAGUAY

URUGUAY

FALKLAND ISLANDS(U.K.)

PE

RU

Montevideo

Caracas

Paramaribo

Cayenne

Asuncin

La Paz

Lima

Quito

Braslia

Buenos Aires

Sucre

Bogot

Georgetown

Santiago

Havana

Imperatriz

Macap

Santarm

Montes Claros

Vitria

Prto Velho

Iquitos

Chiclayo

Trujillo

Cusco

Arequipa

Antofagasta

Mendoza

Comodoro Rivadavia

Punta Arenas

ValparasoSanta Fe

Santa Cruz

La Plata

San Miguelde Tucumn

ConcepcinBaha Blanca Mar del Plata

Feira de Santana

Uberlndia

CuiabGoinia

Aracaju

Fortaleza

Natal

Teresina

CcutaBarquisimeto

BarranquillaCartagena

Bucaramanga

ValenciaCiudad Guayana

So Luis

Macei

Campinas

Caxias do Sul

Campo Grande

Cochabamba

Salta

Prto Alegre

Medelln

Manaus

Cali

Guayaquil

Salvador

Crdoba

Maracaibo

Rosario

Belo Horizonte

Recife

So PauloCuritiba

Belm

Rio de Janeiro

90

20

10

10

20

30

40

50

80 70 60 50 40

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60 8090 70 60 50 40 30 20100110 10

0

100

N


400 1000 Miles8000 200 600

900 12000 300 600 1500 Kilometers

National Capital




Sou

th A

mer

ica:

Po

liti

cal

A10


Atac

ama

Des

ert

M a t o G r o s s oP l a t e a u

Gran

Chac

o

A m a z o n

B a s i n

S e l v a s

Pampas

L lano

s

An

de

s

Serr

ado

Espi

nha

oA

nd

es

Pa

ta

go

ni

a

CordilleraO

rientalMt. Huascarn

22,133 Ft.6,746m

Mt. Ojos del Salado22,615 Ft.

6,893m


Mt. Illampu21,066 Ft.6,421m

Mt. Sajama21,463 Ft.6,542m

Cristbal Coln Peak18,948 Ft.5,775m

Chimborazo20,703 Ft.6,310m

Ilha deMaraj

G r e a t e r A n t i l l e s

O C EA NP A

C I FI C

Pennsula Valds

Point Medanoso

Cape Horn

Cape Orange

S

oF

ran

cisc

o

Gulf of Honduras

Gulfof

Panama

GrandBay

San Jorge Gulf

AR

GE

NT

IN

A

CH

IL

E

C O L O M B I A

V E N E Z U E L AGUYANA

SURINAMEFRENCHGUIANA

B R A Z I L

ECUADOR

B O L I V I A

PARAGUAY

URUGUAY

FALKLAND ISLANDS(U.K.)

PE

RU

MEXICOBELIZE

GUATEMALA

EL SALVADOR

HONDURAS

NICARAGUA

COSTA RICA

PANAMA

JAMAICA

C U B AHAITI

DOMINICANREPUBLIC

PUERTORICO(U.S.)

TRINIDAD ANDTOBAGO

Tierra delFuego

EastFalkland

Chilo

WestFalkland

SouthGeorgia(U.K.)SouthSandwichIslands (U.K.)

L e s se rA

ntilles

GalapagosIslands

(Ec.)

Isla San Felix

(Chile)

Isla San Ambrosio

(Chile)

Archipilago

Juan Fernndez

(Chile)

South ShetlandIslands (U.K.)

South OrkneyIslands (U.K.)

Ma

gdal

ena

Japur

NegroPutumayo

U

cayali

M

adeir

a

Juru

Amazon

Ta

pa

js

Para

n

Orinoco

LakeTiticaca

Amazo

n

Pa

r an

To

can

tin

s


C A R I B B E A N S E AA T L A N T I C

O C E A N

D r a k e P a s s a g e

San Matas Gulf

Strait of Magellan

GULFOF

MEXICO

Ro de la Plata

Tropic of Caprico

rn

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

NORTH AMERICA

Caracas

Bogot

Lima

Braslia

BuenosAires

Santiago

BelmManaus

Recife

So Paulo Rio deJaneiro

90

20

10

10

20

30

40

50

80 70 60 50 40

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60 8090 70 60 50 40 30 20100110 10

0

100

400 1000 Miles8000 200 600

900 12000 300 600 1500 Kilometers

N


Meters Feet

3,000

2,000

500

200

0

9,840

6,560

1,640

656

0

Land Elevation

Water Depth

2,000

200

0

6,560

656

0

Sou

th A

merica: P

hysical

A11


SCOTLAND

WALES

ENGLAND

NORTHERN IRELAND

BELGIUM

LITHUANIA

POLAND

UNITED

KINGDOM

ESTONIA

G E R M A N Y

IRELAND

ANDORRA

AUSTRIA

CROATIA

CZECH REPUBLIC

LUX.

MONACO

SLOVAKIA

SLOVENIA

SWITZERLAND

MALTA

PORT

UGAL

SAN MARINO

BULGARIA

GREECE

MACE-DONIA

MOLDOVA

DENMARK

NETHERLANDS

LATVIA

RUSSIA

LIECH.

BOSNIA ANDHERZEGOVINA

ALBANIA

SWEDEN

FINLAND

BELARUS

I TA

L Y

FRANCE

ICELAND

ROMANIA

SPAIN

HUNGARY

SERBIA

R US S

I A

NORWAY

UKRAINE

FAROE ISLANDS(Den.)

GIBRALTAR(U.K.)

VATICAN CITY

K AZ A K

H ST A

NThames

Loire

Danube

Danube

Wisla

Syr Darya

Po

Rh

ine

Sicily

Crete

Sardinia(It.)

Corsica(Fr.)

Vttern

Vnern

Sein e

Eb

ro R

hn

e

Oder

Elbe

DnieperDniester

Tagus

Northern Dvina

LakeOnega

LakeLadoga

Oka

LakePeipus

Rybinsk

Res.

Pec

hor

a

Ural

Volga

Don

Euphrates

Tigris

Amu Darya

Irtysh

Ob'

B AL

TI

C

SE

A

CA

S

PI

AN

S

EA

S E AI O N I A N

AE

GE

AN

S

EA

B L AC K

S EA

AD

RI A

TI C

S E

A

T Y R R H E N I A N S E A

Sea of Azov

N O R T HS E AIrish Sea

AT

LA

NT

IC

OC

EA

N

N O R W E G I A N S E A W HI T

E S

EA

ME

DI

TE

RR A N E A N S

E A

Aral

Sea

E n gl i s h C h a n n e l

St. Ge

orge '

s C

hann

el

Gu

l f

of

B

o th

ni a

Gulf of Finland

Skag

erra

k

Str a

i tof Dover

B a y o f B i s c a y

Strait of Gibraltar

Arctic Circle

TUNISIA

ALGERIA MOROCCO

ARMENIA

CYPRUS

GEORGIA

LEBANON

SYRIA

AZERBAIJ

AN

IRAN

AZER.

TURKEY

IRAQ

UZBEK

ISTAN

TURKM

ENIST

AN

A F R I C A

AS

IA

Belfast

Cardiff

Edinburgh

Ankara

Nicosia

Beirut

Tbilisi

Yerevan

Baghda

d

Tehran

Ashga

bat

Baku

RabatAlgiers Tunis

Sarajevo

Valletta

Bucharest

Ljubljana

Prague

Kiev

MinskThe Hague

AmsterdamLondon

Brussels

Madrid

TallinnStockholm

Oslo

LuxembourgParis

Bern

Budapest

Warsaw

Berlin

Dublin

Zagreb

SkopjePodgorica

world history poi unit 1

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