world history - weapons of war
TRANSCRIPT
A NEW KIND OF WAR
WWI Continues
The Great war
Largest conflict in history up till this point
French had 8.5 million men British had 9 million men Russians had 12 million men Germans had 11 million
“One out of every four men who went to war
did not come back again, and of those who came back many were maimed and blind and
some had gone insane.”
Stalemate on the western front
Schlieffen Plan Fails Belgium resisted more than the
Germans had expected Germanys plan for a quick defeat of
France failed Russia mobilized more quickly than
expected so Germany had to send some troops to the west making the east weak
Britain and France push Germany back making a victory on the West hard
Technology of modern warfare The enormous casualties suffered on
the Western Front proved the destruction power of modern warfare
New Weapons rapid fire machine gun
shrapnel from guns wounded soldiers more than the guns
long range artillery gun allowed troops to kill others more
than 10 miles away
Technology of modern warfare
Poison Gas uncertain weapon because shifting winds
could blow the gas back on the soldiers
Aircraft, Tanks and Submarines 1916 Britain introduced the first tank First planes were used to observe enemy
troop movements 1915 Germany used zeppelins – large gas
filled balloons to bomb the English coast
Technology of modern warfare Aircraft, Tanks and Submarines
Later both sides equipped planes with machine guns
Submarines
German U-boats did tremendous damage to the Allies
Check for Understanding
What made World War I much more deadly than
previous wars?
video
Weapons used in WWI
Trench warfare
To protect themselves from gunfire each side dug a series of trenches that extended for over 475 miles from Switzerland to the North Sea
Between battles soldiers would live in the trenches
Water collected in them turning the soil into mud
“Trenches were waist deep in mud and ice water
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Wet conditions encouraged diseases such as trench foot which rotted away the foot’s skin and usually led to amputation
Rats invaded the trenches at night and feasted on the dead bodies in the day
The bottom of the trench was springy like a mattress because of all the bodies underneath
At night when the stench was worse we tied material around our mouths and noses
Trench warfare
video
Trench Life in WWI
WEAPONS OF WAR
Total War and Propaganda Techniques
Today We Have…
What Is Total War What Is Propaganda At the end you will answer:
Is the Use of Propaganda Justified During Wartime?
WWI = Total War
By 1917 European societies were falling apart under the strain of war and it seemed to be dragging on with no end in sight
But the departure of one country and the entry of another would soon change the way things were going…
WWI = Total War
Total War Waging a modern, mechanized
war meant channeling all of the nations resources into the war
Governments took stronger roles in directing the economic and cultural lives of people
WWI = Total War
Economies Committed to War Production Systems set up to recruit, arm,
transport and supply armies in the millions
Implemented conscription (the draft)
Raised taxes and borrowed huge amounts of money to pay the cost of war
WWI – Total War
Women Join In As men left to fight women took
over their jobs Worked in war industries,
manufacturing weapons and supplies, became nurses
War work gave women a new sense of pride and confidence and challenged the idea that women could not handle the jobs men did
Women support in the war effort gained them their right to vote in 1920
WWI = Total War
Total war also meant the use of propaganda Spreading of ideas to promote a cause
or damage the opposing side Controlling public opinion Press was censored to keep casualty
figures and other discouraging news away from the public
Objectives of Wartime Propaganda
Recruitment of Soldiers (draft/volunteer)
Financing the War Effort Eliminating dissent and Unifying the
Country Conservation of Resources (food, oil,
steel) Participation in home front
organizations to support the war effort
Wartime Propaganda
• Demonization– Portraying the enemy as purely evil,
menacing, murderous, and aggressive. – Propagandist attempts to remove all
confusion and ambiguity about whom the public should hate
– Enemy may be portrayed as a hairy beast or the devil himself
– More powerful when enemy can be blamed for atrocities against women, children or other innocents
Wartime Propaganda
• Name Calling– Labels that encourage hatred of the
enemy that reinforce negative stereotypes and help demonize the enemy
– Commies, Japs, Huns
Wartime Propaganda
• Emotional Appeals– Playing on people’s emotions to promote the
war effort. Strongest emotion is usually fear so propagandists use that.
• Patriotic Appeals– Using patriotic language or symbols to
appeal to people’s national pride• Half Truths or Lies
– Deception or twisting the truth, propagandist may attempt to include some element of the truth to make the argument more persuasive
Wartime Propaganda
• Catchy Slogans– Using memorable phrases to foster support for
war. • Evocative Visual Symbols
– Using symbols that appeal to people’s emotions– Flags, statues, mothers and children, enemy
uniforms• Humor or Caricatures
– Capturing viewers attention through the use of humor to promote the war effort
– Enemy is at the center of the joke
Looking at Propaganda
Gallery Walk With your group you will go around the room looking at the
various propaganda posters Record the information in your
charts You will be at each poster for
about 10 minutes Be prepared to share your
answers
Let’s Do One Together
Emotional Appeal
Visual Symbols
Catchy Slogan
Patriotic
Humor