World Literature

World LiteratureWeek 4Monday, September 21, 2015Write a paragraph (6-8 sentences) about your weekend OR school year thus far. Use 1 compound complex sentence, 2 complex sentences, and two semicolons. Highlight and label the parts of the sentence. ObjectivesSWBAT understand the grammar rules for irregular plural nouns.SWBAT create sentences appropriately using apostrophes with regular and irregular plural nouns. Turn and Talk What are irregular plural nouns?Regular NounsWe make regular nouns plural by adding s to the end of the word

Examples:catcatschairchairsshoeshoes

However, there are many nouns that do not follow this pattern and they are called irregular nouns

Rule # 1Nouns ending in [s, x, z, ch, and sh]

Form the plural by adding es to the end of the word

Examples:classclassesboxboxesbuzzbuzzeswatchwatchesdishdishes

ExamplesSingularbeachmatchsandwichbusheyelashaxfoxtaxkissmatchesbeachesPluralsandwichesbusheseyelashesfoxesaxeskissestaxes

Rule # 2 Nouns ending in consonant + [y]Form plural by changing [y] to [i] and add es

Examples:ladyladiescitycitiespartypartiesbabybabies

ExamplesSingularpuppyfamilystorylibrarycountrybutterflydiscoveryPluralpuppiesfamiliesdiscoveriesstorieslibrariescountriesbutterflies

Rule # 3Nouns ending in [f] or [fe]Form plural by changing [f] or [fe] to ves

Examples:halfhalvesleafleaveswifewivesknifeknives

But NOT always!beliefbeliefschefchefsroofroofs

ExamplesSingularcalfloafscarfthiefwolfshelflifePluralcalvesloavesscarvesthieveswolvesshelveslives

Rule # 4Some Nouns that end in [o]Form plural by adding es

Examples:tomatotomatoespotatopotatoesheroheroesechoechoes

But NOT Always!kangarookangaroospianopianosphotophotosautoautos

ExamplesSingularpotatokangarooechotomatophotoautoheropianoPluralpotatoeskangaroosechoestomatoesphotosautosheroespianos

Irregular forms without sExamples:manmenwomanwomenchildchildrenmousemicegoosegeesefootfeetoxoxentoothteeth

These nouns just need to be memorized because they do not follow a rule

ExamplesSingularwomangoosemanmouseoxtoothchildfootPluralwomengeesemicemenfeetchildrenoxenteeth

Some nouns have the same singular and plural formExamples:a shrimptwo shrimpa seriestwo seriesa fishtwo fisha deertwo deera sheeptwo sheepa moosetwo moose

These nouns are determined plural or singular by the context of the sentence

ExamplesSingulara seriesa fisha deera shrimpa moosea sheeptwotwotwotwotwotwoPluralseriesfishdeershrimpmoosesheep

Think, Walk, Pair, and ShareWhat are the different ways to use apostrophes?

2 Main Uses of Apostrophes:To form a contraction:dontcantwouldnt

To show possessionJohns car the boys bikethe workers contractMain Use #1: ContractionIn a contraction, two words are combined into one shorter form. you + areyoure

The apostrophe almost always marks where a letter or letters have been taken out to form the new word. Main Use #2: Possession Possessives are words used to show ownership or belonging. Like contractions, theyre also formed with the apostrophe.

Example: Professor Walkers laptop

2 rules for adding an apostrophe to form a possessiveIf a word ends in s already, add only the apostrophe:The students backpacks were stolen from the classroom during the break.If the word does not end in s, add s:The instructors parking permit was stolen. ALERT:

Some words are possessive without the apostrophe. These words are the possessive pronouns:

my, mine its his her, hers your, yours our, ours their, theirs whose

Tip: Be careful not to confuse its and its.

its = it is

3 Other Uses for the Apostrophe1)Used to indicate numbers that have been omitted. 1995 952)Used to show missing letters in slang or informal speech going goin3)Can be used to form the plural of some numbers or letters to prevent misreading. As 0s (plural of zero) 1950s (NO apostrophe)PracticePractice using irregular plural nouns and apostrophes with the handout. Exit TicketComplete the handout.

CWPA Grade: 12 pointsHomeworkComplete the worksheet.

Tuesday, September 22, 2015SSR (20 minutes)ObjectivesSWBAT Distinguish the differences informal and formal tones while reading short passages. SWBAT write a letter displaying the differences in informal and formal tones. Think, Pair, and ShareReflecting on your background knowledge and personal experience what do you already know about tone? Tone The attitude that an author takes toward the audience, the subject, or the character.

Conveyed through the authors words and detail.

How to identify the TONE?

Tone must be inferred through the use of descriptive words

You can recognize the tone/ attitude by the language/ word choices the author uses32Welcome class Words that describe tone POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

NEUTRAL Optimistic Formal Humorous , witty- Amused, Cheerful Joyful, jubilant Complimentary CompassionateReverent; respectful- Pessimistic Informal Sarcastic, IronicThreatening, Horror NonchalantIndifferentDetachedAuthoritativeStraightforward:Matter-of-fact: - Disinterested:33Formal vs. InformalWhen we write essays (or send emails to teachers) are tone must CONSISTENTLY be Formal

Whats the difference between formal and informal tones? Casual Speaking1st/2nd Person Pronouns:Examples:I, me, my, you, your, our, we Informal LanguageWORDS TO AVOIDWords that are a combination of two words.Examples:can't, doesn't, that's, they're, its, etc.ALL contractions need to be separatedExamples:Cannot, does not, that is, they are, it is, etc.ContractionsWrite in the 3rd PersonAvoid using words like You or Your or IInstead, use the following words as substitutesExamples:"An individual..." or "A person..." or "People," and "One."

To create a FORMAL toneWORDS TO USEInstead of using basic adjectives that you might use when you are speaking with someone you are very comfortable with--like a friend--instead use words that are academic and enhance the formal tone of your paper.

Avoid Basic Adjectives in Formal WritingInformal: I think that it's really bad that students have to do so much homework all the time.Example 1Formal: Many people, specifically students, feel that it is unfair that they receive a surplus of homework each day.

Example 1 Informal: When you look at bacteria through a microscope, it might seem like nothing, but its effects are really bad if you're exposed to it directly.

Example 2Formal:If an individual observes bacteria through a microscope, one might find that it appears harmless. However, individuals exposed to bacteria have a higher likelihood of contracting the harmful effects, such as an illness.Example 2Practice Use the worksheet to practice using consistent tones. Formal vs InformalWith you partner write two letters. The first will be a letter to your teacher and the second will be one to a friend. Your topic for the prompt is: Homework. (Do you like or dislike it? Is it useful? Should it be banned?)HomeworkRead A Party Down At the Square. Remember to annotate by asking questions and making connections with the textWednesday, September 23, 2015Complete the Apostrophe Do Now

ObjectivesSWBAT Justify the theme(s) of A Party Down At the Square using evidence from the text.

Theme AnalysisComplete the worksheet.Timed Writing You will have 30 minutes to complete the following prompt:

How does the narrators tone contribute to Ellisons purpose for writing A Party Down At the Square? HomeworkWrite 10 sentences using the Sentence Types. Label the parts of sentence. Thursday, September 24, 2015SSR (20 minutes) ObjectiveSWBAT study Grammar skills with peers in stations. Grammar StationsStation 1: Sentence TypesStation 2: SemicolonsStation 3: Apostrophes and Irregular Plural NounsStation 4: Tone/Consistent Word Choice

You will spend 12-13 minutes at each station; I will display the timer and prompt you when to move to a different station. You must attend each station. HomeworkStudy for tomorrows CCRS MidtermFriday, September 25, 2015Clear your desk and prepare for Midterm.

ASSMNT Grade: 40 points HomeworkRead and annotate The Yellow Wallpaper