world of dreams. 80-100% of subjects awoken during rem reported vivid dreams. you do dream!
TRANSCRIPT
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World of Dreams
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80-100% of subjects awoken
during REM reported vivid
dreams.
You Do Dream!
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Dream Theories
1. Freud’s Theory of Dream Interpretation
2. Extensions of Waking Life
3. Activation-Synthesis Theory
4. Carl Jung
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Early Dream Theories
• Prior to 1900 Dreams were considered meaningless images.
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Freud• 1900 The Interpretation of Dreams • Dreams: way to achieve wish fulfillment• Free Association
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Freud’s Theory
• Censor protects us from realizing unconscious desires (sex or aggression)
• Censor transforms thoughts into harmless dream symbols – Will not disturb sleep or
conscious thoughts
• Dreams are meaningful • Dreams can be interpreted
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Freud Says…• Two types of dream content:
– Manifest: What you remember about a dream.
– Latent: what the dream was actually about.
• Displacement: emotional feelings displaced from one object to another.
• Symbols: Latent content is converted in to symbols– Male = long objects (sticks, bats, pencil, umbrellas)
– Female = Hollow things (cave, jar, bucket)
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Male or Female
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What Do They Mean?
• Psychoanalyst would decode symbols to release a patient’s unconscious desires.
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Jung’s Theory• Neo-Freudian
– Personal Dreams– Collective Dreams
• Collective Unconscious – shared human experience
• Relies on “traditional” human conflicts:– Archetypes – emotionally
charged images with universal meaning
– Anima v. animus – female v. male struggle.
– Foundation of multiple personalities.
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Extensions of Waking Life
Rosalind Cartwright (Cognitive Problem Solving): Dreams reflect waking thoughts, fears,
emotions, and problems.
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Like Chapters in a book..
Sleep lab dreams flow like chapters in a book focused
on current concerns and feelings.
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Activation-Synthesis Theory
Random/meaningless activity of nerve cells– Biological
– Nerve impulses are sent to brain cortex which then tries to make sense of them
RESULT: random feelings, images, scenes…
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Brain Scans
• During REM: – Pre-frontal cortex (off) {planning and
reasoning}
– Limbic system (on) {emotions}
– Visual Cortex (on) {visual experience}
RESULT: dreams are emotional and visual but bizarre and disorganized.