World War 1World War 1

The AftermathThe Aftermath

BlockadeBlockade

►Allies maintained blockade of Germany Allies maintained blockade of Germany after the warafter the war

►Food shipments were allowed in but Food shipments were allowed in but they came slowlythey came slowly

►Blockade was not lifted until the treaty Blockade was not lifted until the treaty was signedwas signed

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

►Paris Peace Conference of 1919Paris Peace Conference of 1919►440 articles in treaty440 articles in treaty►Germany had to accept full Germany had to accept full

responsibility for starting the warresponsibility for starting the war►Germany had to pay heavy economic Germany had to pay heavy economic

reparationsreparations►Treaty included a clause to create a Treaty included a clause to create a

League of NationsLeague of Nations

Woodrow Wilson and Peace Woodrow Wilson and Peace CommissionCommission

Influenza PandemicInfluenza Pandemic

► Flu epidemic began in Flu epidemic began in US and was spread to US and was spread to Europe by armed forces Europe by armed forces personnelpersonnel

► From US and Europe, it From US and Europe, it spread around the Globespread around the Globe

► 20 to 40 million deaths20 to 40 million deaths► Stanley Cup Final in Stanley Cup Final in

1919 was cancelled due 1919 was cancelled due to the death of star to the death of star defenseman Joe Hall of defenseman Joe Hall of the Montreal Canadians the Montreal Canadians

Geopolitical and Economic Geopolitical and Economic ConsequencesConsequences

►RussiaRussia►GermanyGermany►Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary►Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire►United KingdomUnited Kingdom►United StatesUnited States►FranceFrance► ItalyItaly

RussiaRussia

►Revolution and Civil War killed 15 Revolution and Civil War killed 15 million peoplemillion people

►Communist Government signed the Communist Government signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany to end their involvement in the warto end their involvement in the war

►Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia gained Independencegained Independence

►Lost Bessarabia to RomaniaLost Bessarabia to Romania

RussiaRussia

► Independent states of Georgia, Independent states of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan were Armenia and Azerbaijan were establishedestablished

►Taken back by the Soviets in 1922Taken back by the Soviets in 1922

Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary

►As the war began to turn, peoples of As the war began to turn, peoples of these states began to lose interestthese states began to lose interest

►Empire began to break up and there Empire began to break up and there were several Declarations of were several Declarations of IndependenceIndependence

►Austria and Hungary become separate Austria and Hungary become separate statesstates

►Bohemia, Moravia, Czech Silesia, Bohemia, Moravia, Czech Silesia, Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia formed the new Czechoslovakia. formed the new Czechoslovakia.

Austria HungaryAustria Hungary

►Galicia was transferred to Poland. Galicia was transferred to Poland. ►The South Tyrol and Trieste were The South Tyrol and Trieste were

granted to Italy. granted to Italy. ►Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia-Slavonia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia-Slavonia,

Dalmatia, Slovenia, and Vojvodina were Dalmatia, Slovenia, and Vojvodina were joined with Serbia and Montenegro to joined with Serbia and Montenegro to form the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats form the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later Yugoslavia. and Slovenes, later Yugoslavia.

►Transylvania became part of Romania. Transylvania became part of Romania.

Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

►Ottoman Government collapsed at war’s Ottoman Government collapsed at war’s endend

►Treaty of Sevres divided the empire up Treaty of Sevres divided the empire up among the Entente powersamong the Entente powers

►France was given mandates over Syria France was given mandates over Syria and Lebanonand Lebanon

►Britain was given mandates over Iraq and Britain was given mandates over Iraq and PalestinePalestine

► Italy and Greece were given parts of Italy and Greece were given parts of AnatoliaAnatolia

United KingdomUnited Kingdom

►War had been costly for Britain but War had been costly for Britain but some of the costs had been offset by some of the costs had been offset by new investmentsnew investments

►Many of Britain’s “colonies” developed Many of Britain’s “colonies” developed a stronger sense of independence and a stronger sense of independence and their own identity after the war leading their own identity after the war leading to a breakdown of the Old British to a breakdown of the Old British EmpireEmpire

United StatesUnited States

►Became “isolationist” after the warBecame “isolationist” after the war►Experienced a period of economic Experienced a period of economic

depression after the wardepression after the war►Depression was followed by a boom until Depression was followed by a boom until

the stock market crash of 1929the stock market crash of 1929►During the boom years, ties were made During the boom years, ties were made

with German businesswith German business►This became an embarrassment when This became an embarrassment when

the Nazi party came to power in the Nazi party came to power in GermanyGermany

FranceFrance

►Alsace Lorraine region was returnedAlsace Lorraine region was returned►France sought reparations from France sought reparations from

Germany after the war and this led to Germany after the war and this led to the occupation of the Ruhr in 1923the occupation of the Ruhr in 1923

►Dawes Plan 1923 – Young plan 1929Dawes Plan 1923 – Young plan 1929►Pro-Independence groups began Pro-Independence groups began

forming in coloniesforming in colonies

FranceFrance

► Ferdinand Foch Ferdinand Foch wanted the Rhine wanted the Rhine river to be the river to be the border between border between France and France and GermanyGermany

► "This is not Peace. It "This is not Peace. It is an Armistice for is an Armistice for twenty years."twenty years."

ItalyItaly

►With the disintegration of Austria With the disintegration of Austria Hungary, Italy’s main rival was Hungary, Italy’s main rival was reduced to a collection of smaller reduced to a collection of smaller statesstates

► Italy claimed a number of smaller Italy claimed a number of smaller territories in the treaty and expanded territories in the treaty and expanded their borderstheir borders

Europe and Middle East in Europe and Middle East in 19141914

Europe and the Middle east in Europe and the Middle east in 19191919

Other EffectsOther Effects

►Social TraumaSocial Trauma►Remains of AmmunitionRemains of Ammunition►War MemorialsWar Memorials►Tomb of the Unknown SoldierTomb of the Unknown Soldier