world war i 1914-1919
DESCRIPTION
World War I 1914-1919. http://www.historyofwar.org/Maps/ww1_a_prewar.gif. Causes of WWI- M.A.I.N. MILITARISM ALLIANCES IMPERIALISM NATIONALISM. M.A.I.N. Nationalism- Germany & France. Germany was feeling strong military and new industrial growth. France wanted to regain - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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World War I 1914-1919
http://www.historyofwar.org/Maps/ww1_a_prewar.gif
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Causes of WWI- M.A.I.NCauses of WWI- M.A.I.N
• MILITARISM
• ALLIANCES
• IMPERIALISM
• NATIONALISM
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Nationalism- Germany & Nationalism- Germany & FranceFrance
• Germany was feeling strong military and new industrial growth
• France wanted to regain
power as was before
Congress of Vienna• Regain pride/territory lost
during Franco-Prussian War in 1870
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Austria-Hungary Empire
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Nationalism- Eastern EuropeNationalism- Eastern Europe
• Russia- supported nationalism called Pan-Slavism
• Russia defend all Slavs (Serbia)
• Threatened Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empires
“POWDER KEG OF EUROPE”
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Militarism- Glorification of MilitaryMilitarism- Glorification of Military
• Part of Social Darwinism
• Increase in size of armies and navies
• Germany V. Britain expanded funding for navies (Why Britain?)
http://www.mrswallace.com/Alliances/empiremap.jpg
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Standing Armies in Europe 1914
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Standing Armies in Europe,1914
Great Britain
France
Russia
Austria-Hungary
Germany
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Alliances- Central Vs. AlliesAlliances- Central Vs. AlliesTwo Big Alliances:
1. Triple Alliance (1882) = Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary (Ottoman)
2. Triple Entente (1904) = France, Russia, and Britain (Japan)
http://www.historyofwar.org/Maps/ww1_a_prewar.gif
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Italy’s Irredenta
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Assassination- Immediate Assassination- Immediate CauseCause
• Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was killed in Bosnia (nephew of Emperor)
• Who/Why? Serbian (Slavs) nationalists wanted self-rule and end foreign government http://clio.rediris.es/udidactica/IGM/images/
assassination_archduke_ferdinand.gif
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Chain Reaction• Austria-Hungary got Germany’s support
(declared war on Serbia)
• Serbia got help from Russia (Germany declared war on Russia)
• Russia asked for help from France (Germany declared war on France)
• Italy and Britain remain neutral at first
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http://www.johndclare.net/images/Alliances.GIF
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The “Great War”The “Great War”
“One out of every four men who went out to the World War did not come back again”
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A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War
•German – von-Schleifen Plan
•Will it work?
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The Western FrontThe Western Front
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The Western FrontThe Western Front
• Russia won small victories at first led Germany to move troops from the west to the east
• Stalemate deadlock
http://www.uark.edu/campus-resources/mbracy/WesternFront.jpg
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Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
• Dug out trenches
• Hot summers, cold winters
• “No man’s land” in between enemy trencheshttp://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/
divine5e/medialib/images/div0093.jpeg
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Trench Warfare Trench Warfare http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWtrenchsystem.JPGhttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWtrenchsystem.JPG
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Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
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Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”
““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”
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Verdun – February, 1916
Verdun – February, 1916
German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
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The Somme – July, 1916
The Somme – July, 1916
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
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War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!
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Sacrifices in WarSacrifices in War
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Krupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
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Battles- Takes a TollBattles- Takes a Toll
• 1916- attacks to break the stalemate
• 11 month struggle that cost ½ million deaths on both sides (Verdun)
• 1 million killed at Somme River with no side gaining an advantage
http://www.bergoiata.org/fe/digit/Digital%20Art%20-%20Chess%20board%20by%20Joe%20Wallis%20-%202002.jpg
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TheEastern
Front
TheEastern
Front
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The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
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Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
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T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”,
1916-18
T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”,
1916-18
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T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-
19
T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-
19
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The Tsar with General Brusilov
The Tsar with General Brusilov
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The“Colonial
”Fronts
The“Colonial
”Fronts
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Sikh British Soldiers in India
Sikh British Soldiers in India
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Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
British Sikh Mounstain
Gunner
British Sikh Mounstain
Gunner
Black Soldiers in the German
Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]
Black Soldiers in the German
Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]
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Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
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Fighting in Salonika, Greece
Fighting in Salonika, Greece
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
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New TechnologyNew Technology1. Machine guns
2. Poison gas/gas masks (wind became problem)
3. Armored tank
4. Aircraft (zeppelins)
5. German U-Boats
6. Convoys
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Machine Guns Machine Guns http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~worldwarone/WWI/Weapons/images/machinegun-grenades-sm.jpghttp://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~worldwarone/WWI/Weapons/images/machinegun-grenades-sm.jpg
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Poison Gas Poison Gas http://www.firstworldwar.com/photos/graphics/ww_gas_train_01.jpghttp://www.firstworldwar.com/photos/graphics/ww_gas_train_01.jpg
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Armored Tank Armored Tank http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/library/features/featmo/images/wwi_tank.jpghttp://www.nysl.nysed.gov/library/features/featmo/images/wwi_tank.jpg
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AircraftAircraft
http://rwebs.net/avhistory/bluemax/wwiimgs.htm
http://catalog.chaosium.com/images/zeppelins.gif
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U-BoatsU-Boats
http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3DWWI%2Bu-boats%26ei%3DUTF-8%26fr%3Dyfp-t-501%26x%3Dwrt%26js%3D1%26ni%3D18&w=855&h=623&imgurl=www.dutchsubmarines.com%2Fboats%2Fimages%2Fsubmarines%2Fboat_o7_ozd_baracks_den_helder_wwi.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dutchsubmarines.com%2Fboats%2Fboat_o7.htm&size=70.4kB&name=boat_o7_ozd_baracks_den_helder_wwi.jpg&p=WWI+u-boats&type=jpeg&no=10&tt=38&oid=d968a776b4da5bbe&ei=UTF-8
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Total WarTotal War
• Using a nation’s entire resources into the war struggle
• Conscription- “draft”
• Raised taxes and rationed food supplies
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PropagandaPropaganda• Controlling public
perspective
• Censored the press
• Propaganda- spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause
• Tales of atrocitieshttp://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/images/pp_uk_08.jpg
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http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/images/pp_uk_04.jpg
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Australian PosterAustralian Poster
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American PosterAmerican Poster
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Financing the WarFinancing the War
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WomenWomen
• Took over men’s jobs
• Nurses
• Helped lead to women’s suffrage
http://frank.mtsu.edu/~kmiddlet/history/women/gif/wwi-seeds2.gif
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Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution
• Russians left the war for revolution at home
• Overthrew the Russian monarchy
• Signed the Brest-Litovsk Treaty with Germany (pulled out of war)
http://www.digitalbrain.com/roztru/web/AF/Russian%20Revolution.db_psc-tvl-path-baseX5fmainimg-u-5077-z-f.jpg
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AmericaJoinsthe
Allies
AmericaJoinsthe
Allies
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U.S. Enters War, 1917U.S. Enters War, 1917• Sinking of Lusitania in
1915 (128 Americans)
• Most Americans supported the allies for cultural reasons
• Zimmerman NoteZimmerman Note (1917)- German note that was intercepted on route to Mexico
http://www.usgennet.org/usa/mo/county/stlouis/ww1-music/sinking-lusitania.jpg
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The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Sinking of the Lusitania
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The Zimmerman Telegram
The Zimmerman Telegram
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The YanksAre
Coming!
The YanksAre
Coming!
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Americans in the Trenches
Americans in the Trenches
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Wilson- Fourteen PointsWilson- Fourteen Points
• List of terms for resolving the war and future wars
• Freedom of seas, free trade, reduction of arms, and end to secret treaties, est. fair peace, est. League of Nations
• Armistice- 11/11 at 11 AM in 1918 ended WWI
http://visualhistory.freewebpages.org/_webimages/14%20Points.gif
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The Effects of WarThe Effects of War
• 8.5 – 9 million people died
• Over 17 million were wounded
• Pandemic (1918)- flu that killed 20 millionhttp://firstworldwar.com/photos/graphics/cpe_gas_effects_01.jpg
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9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDead9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDead
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Effects of War
• Europe was destroyed (infrastructure)
• Pay of national debt and rebuilding was a problem
• ReparationsReparations- payments for war damage (Germany)
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Effects of WarEffects of War
Governments collapsed:
1. Russia
2. Germany
3. Austria-Hungary
4. Ottoman Empire
http://www.uiowa.edu/~c016003a/versailles.gifhttp://www.uiowa.edu/~c016003a/versailles.gif
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Treaty of Versailles (B.R.A.T.)Treaty of Versailles (B.R.A.T.)• Germany had to take
full Blame for war
• Had to pay Reparations (leads to rise of Hitler)
• $30 billion
• Reduced Army and took away German Territory
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Map ChangesMap Changes http://www2.bc.edu/~heineman/maps/Versailles.jpg
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•Treaty of Brest-Litovsk strips Russia of land
New nations are formed in
Eastern Europe
Not all ethnic groups are satisfied
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Deaths and ResponsibilitiesDeaths and Responsibilities
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11 a.m., November 11, 1918
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
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The Somme American Cemetary, France
The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died
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World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties
01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000
10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS
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Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!
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Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey
1914 1922
Erzerum 215,000 1,500
Van 197,000 500
Kharbert 204,000 35,000
Diarbekir 124,000 3,000
Bitlis 220,000 56,000
Sivas 225,000 16,800
Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey
Western Anatolia 371,800 27,000
Cilicia and Northern Syria 309,000 70,000
European Turkey 194,000 163,000
Trapizond District 73,390 15,000
Total 2,133,190 387,800