world war i
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World War I. A World Divided. Causes. Imperialism Nationalism Militarism Alliances. Imperialism. Imperialism : When a powerful nation extends and maintains its control over weaker nations or people European imperial powers were in competition for Africa and Asia - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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World War I
A World Divided
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Causes
Imperialism Nationalism Militarism Alliances
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Imperialism
Imperialism: When a powerful nation extends and
maintains its control over weaker nations or people
European imperial powers were in competition for Africa and Asia
A ticking time bomb for war
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Nationalism
Nationalism: A strong feeling of
pride in one’s own nation
Created national unity but fueled international rivalry
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Militarism Militarism:
The belief in threatening or using military force to solve a problem
“a self-reinforcing cycle of heightened military preparedness”
Between 1908 and 1913, the six “Great Powers” increased military spending by 50% Britain, Germany,
France, Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Russia
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Alliances Two armed alliances
The Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Italy
The Triple Entente France, Russia, Great Britain
*Russia pledged to defend Serbia
Austria-Hungary and Russia were rivals in the Balkans
Germany had become the rival of Great Britain and France in Africa
Region containing Bulgaria and Serbia
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Messy Allegiances
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Messy Allegiances
The Balkans
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Messy AllegiancesT
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Messy Allegiances
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Messy Allegiances
“Europe today is like a powder keg and the leaders are like men smoking in an arsenal. A single spark will set off an explosion that will consume us all.”
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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War Breaks Out!
June 28, 1914: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the city of Sarajevo Ferdinand = the heir to the Austria-Hungary throne
(next in line be ruler) Killer = A Serbian nationalist seeking independence
for his people Part of the “Black Hand” Wanted Serbian
independence Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Remember Russia pledged to defend Serbia… uh oh…
Due to overlapping alliances, much of the world was at war within weeks
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War Breaks Out!
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War Breaks Out!
Gavrilo PrinzipFerdinand’s killer
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War Breaks Out!
This is where things get really confusing… A war between Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary and SerbiaSerbia
meant a war between Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary and RussiaRussia, SerbiaSerbia's traditional ally. That meant war between RussiaRussia and GermanyGermany, Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary’s ally. And that meant war between GermanyGermany and FranceFrance, RussiaRussia’s ally. And that meant war between GermanyGermany and Great BritainGreat Britain, BelgiumBelgium’s protector because Germany Germany invaded France France through BelgiumBelgium.
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Confused yet?
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But Wait… There’s more…?
Italy refused to join Germany and Austria-Hungary and left the Triple Alliance. Instead, The Ottoman Empire joined to form The Central Powers Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, Germany, and
The Ottoman Empire Allied Powers (formerly the Triple Entente):
France, Great Britain, and Russia
Italy decided to wait until there was a clear winner before picking sides. They eventually sided with the Allied Powers, fighting against their former alliance.
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War Breaks Out!