world war i review
DESCRIPTION
World War I Review. Alliances Fashoda Morocco Balkans WWI. Triple Alliance. 1879 Germany and AH military alliance 1882 Italy added If any member became involved in war with two or more powers, allies should aid with force of arms. Triple Entente. 1894 Franco Russian Alliance - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
World War I Review
1. Alliances2. Fashoda3. Morocco4. Balkans
5. WWI
Triple Alliance
1879 Germany and AH military alliance
1882 Italy added If any member
became involved in war with two or more powers, allies should aid with force of arms
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Triple Entente
1894 Franco Russian Alliance French loans and financing to
Russia Russia guarantees defense of
France Splendid Isolation of GB ends with
Boer War and 1902 GB and Japan alliance against Russia
1904 GB and French support one another against third parties1907 GB and Russia sign Anglo Russian Convention
GB refuses to commit militarily
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Fashoda Crisis- France v GB
Sept 18,1898 France East to West Railroad GB North to South Railroad Fashoda Sudan Obscure Outpost
– French on July 10 under FFM: Gabriel Hanotaux, Military Jean-Baptiste Marchand
– GB on Sept 18; Sir Herbert Kitchener– To War or Not to War?– Nov 4, Delcasse new FFM withdraws but continues to
other posts March 21, 1899 Nile and the Congo Mark
Boundaries Resentment between GB and France
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Russo Japanese War
Nicholas II Czar Tsar controlled by
Rasputin– Russia has many
internal problems– Attempts to expand
Japan defeats Russia in 1905
Teddy Roosevelt helps reach a peace agreement
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Russo Japanese War
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Moroccan Crisis
1904 GB gives France Morocco (near Algeria)
1905 Germany declares support for an independent Morocco to test the GB French alliance
1906 Algeciras Conference – GB defends France – AH votes with Germany– Morocco as a French protectorate
GB is pushed into the arms of France
Moroccan Crisis Cont
1911 Second Crisis– German gunboat protecting ‘German
Interests’ in Agadir Morocco won’t leave until Germany has the French Congo
– Tension mounts and GB is angered again
France gives Germany some small land in Africa
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Balkan Crises
Balkans are controlled by OE, AH, Influenced by Russia, Independent
Many Ethnic and Religious Groups 1878 AH occupied and administered
Austria– 1900 Radical Slav nationalists Indp = Coats,
Slovenian, and Serbians join as one country 1908 Young Turks overthrow Sultan Russia focuses on Balkans for Expansion
Balkans Cont
AH Alois von Aethrenthal and Russia Alexander Isvolsky– Secret agreement:
Call international conference, support each other Austria gets Bosnia, Russia gets Straits
– Austria annexes Bosnia without the conference, GB and France are upset and do not back Russia
– Serbs are violated by AH– Russian Public Opinion is Upset
Balkans Cont
1911 Italy declares war on Turkey (OE)– Wins Tripoli and Dodecanese Islands– Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece join forces against Turkey– Bulgarians claim more Macedonia than Serbs
would yield 1912 Second War
– Serbia and Greece both claim Albania, Italy was promised Albania
– Great powers step in an give Albania Independence keeping Serbia from the sea and upsetting Russia again
Exasperation in Austria, Desperation in Serbia, Humiliation in Russia
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Trench Warfare and Stalemate Packet
Schlieffan Plan Battle of the Marne Reverse! Battle of Verdun 6 months, 700,000 dead Gallipoli 145,000 dead Battle of the Somme 60,000 dead in first
week and advanced 1 mile; 1,100,000 died
No tanks, horses, no self propelled guns, trucks, machine gun,
Submarine Warfare and Blockades
Soldiers
British Soldiers' Kit
The soldiers who attacked on the Somme on 1 July 1916 are sometimes portrayed as being laden with a pack weighing over 66lbs (30kg). While it is true that the British soldier’s load in full ‘marching order’ exceeded 66lbs, the initial fighting waves on the Somme were more lightly equipped. Official records and photographic evidence show what was worn and carried. By the start of the Battle every British soldier had been issued with a steel helmet.
The War Diary of 94th Brigade (The National Archives WO95/2363), which attacked at Serre, specified the following clothing and equipment for 1 July 1916:
Dress – Marching order without packs, groundsheet rolled on the belt with the mess tin on top, haversack on the back.
Each man carries 170 rounds of SAA [small arms ammunition] – 120 in pouches and 1 bandolier containing 50 rounds.
4 bombs, 4 [empty] sandbags Gas helmet (rolled under steel helmet) 1 complete day’s rations in addition to Iron Rations. Tin disc tied to the outside of the haversack with string (this was intended
to reflect light so that senior commanders and artillery spotters could keep track of the advancing waves advancing wave
Home front Packet
Propaganda Conscription Rations Total Mobilization Government Planning Women to Work