World War II1939-1945

Objectives…Define FascismDescribe how the fascist

governments rose to power in Italy & Germany.

Fascism A system of government characterized by a dictator, nationalism and militarism.

Fasces A Latin word referring to a bundle of sticks bound to the handle of an axe.

Characteristics of Fascism … Fascist leaders look back in history to

their past greatness… Censorship- No government criticism of Schools teach fascism The individual exists to serve the state Conflict…“War is the most noble goal of man”- Hitler

The characteristics of Fascism…

Look back in history to their past greatness

No criticism of the government Censorship

Schools teach fascism

The individual exists to serve the state

Conflict…“War is the most noble goal of man”- Hitler

4) Benito Mussolini

Mussolini’s rise to power…

Uses violence & murder Appeals to people fearing

Communism…“rabidly nationalistic”

Becomes “Il Duce”… Promises Italian greatness Suspends elections Builds a modern military

Italy - Benito Mussolini - “Il Duce”

Mussolini Quotes…

“All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state.”

“Democracy is beautiful in theory; in practice it is a fallacy.”

“Fascism is a religion. The twentieth century will be known in history as the century of

Fascism. ”

Hitler’s background…

Austrian born High school drop out Frustrated by failure as a young adult. WWI corporal Organizes the National Socialists

Workers Party (1919)… 1923 jailed for attempted overthrow of

the German government

Mein Kampf or “My Struggle”

Describes…The “Master”/“Aryan Race” theory…

The Final Solution… 6b) Lebensraum…

Denounces… Democracy & communism Religion (Christianity & Judaism) The Treaty of Versailles

Hitler’s rise to power…

German government is weak… Economic problems…The Nazi Party is formed Fear of Communists… Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany… The Reichstag burns… Hitler declares himself “Fuhrer”…

The Reichstag Fire

Jan. 30, 1933

“How fortunate for leaders that men do not

think.”- A. Hitler

The Third Reich

The term “Third Reich” is used to describe

Hitler’s Nazi regime in Germany from 1933 to

1945.

Hitler strengthens his power…

• “Scape-goating”… • Censorship• Assassination of his enemies• Political meetings• Propaganda• Book burning

The Nuremberg Rally(s)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilXVkgmJk2E

German PropagandaPosters

What messages are being conveyed?

Germany - Adolf Hitler - Der FuhrerThe most destructive leader in modern history.

Hitler Quotes…“War is the most noble goal of man”

“All propaganda has to be popular and has to accommodate itself to the

comprehension of the least intelligent of those whom it seeks to reach.”

“Any alliance whose purpose is not the intention to wage war is senseless and

useless.”

“Anyone who sees and paints a sky green and fields blue ought to be sterilized.”

7) Describe the policies & events exposing Hitler’s Germany as a racially & religiously intolerant

regime.

1933: Concentration camps1935: The Nuremberg Laws…1938: Kristallnacht– “The Night of Broken

Glass”…

The Nuremberg Laws Nazi Racial Legislation

• Laws designed to… - Purify Germany - Define citizenship - Define the position of Jews in the Third

Reich.

1938: Kristallnacht - "Night of Broken Glass"

• Triggering event…Jewish teenager murders a German official in Paris

• 1,000 Synagogues burned, businesses, cemeteries, hospitals, schools & homes looted & destroyed… 30,000 arrested

Objective… Identify and explain the

events that force America to move away from isolationism & into WW II.

1) Roosevelt’s primary concern during the 1930s?…

2) What were the worldwide economic & political ramifications of the Great Depression?…

Think…What have you previously learned that

supports US commitment to this policy?

What type of foreign policy did the US adopt after WW I? 

• Rejection of The Treaty of Versailles• The Kellogg-Briand Pact

• Washington Naval Conference

Why did Americans favor isolationism prior to the start of WW II?...

8) How did each of the following influence the isolationist thinking prior to the outbreak of the war?–All Quiet on the Western Front–Nye Committee–College students–Norman Thomas–America First

Examples of Isolationism prior to WW II…

Rejected the Treaty of Versailles… The Washington Conference (1921-22)

… Kellog-Briand Pact (1928)…

• The message?

• Can you identify the

year this cartoon was published?

Pre- World War II Aggression

1931-32 Japan invades Manchuria & Shanghai

American Response:Diplomatic protest

No Action

1935Italy invades Ethiopia

American Response:The Neutrality Acts are passed

The Neutrality Acts• Designed to keep the US out of war…

–1935: Banned war supplies –1935: Forbid travel –1936: Prohibited loans –1937: Included the Spanish CW–1939: “cash-and-carry”… –Replaced by “lend-lease” …

1936Germany rearms & sends troops

into the RhinelandAmerican Response:

No action

1936 The Rome-Berlin Axis…

Supporting “parallel interests”

1937Japan begins full scale invasion of China

* WW II officially starts in Asia

American Response:Diplomatic protest

1938 The Anschluss…Germany & Austria unite –

6M Austrians are under German control

1938:The Anschluss

Poster issued after the Anschluss… The caption: "One People, One Reich, One Führer."

1938: Hitler invades the Sudetenland.

- Hitler charges that Czechs are “abusing

Germans

1938:The Munich Pact or Appeasement Policy…

Hitler meets with French & British Prime Ministers… Agrees not to

take more territory

British Prime MinisterNeville Chamberlain

announces “Peace in our time”

The Appeasement Policy

Symbolism?... Meaning?... Message?

1938American Response

FDR requests peaceful settlementU.S. funds a two ocean navy

Signing the Two Ocean Navy Expansion Act

1939-Germany invades

Czechoslovakia & the Non Aggression Pact is signed…

Agreement between Germany & Russia that they will not attack each other & will divide Poland

between them.

1940 The Tripartite PactRome – Berlin –Tokyo Axis

Japanese & Italian emissaries with Hitler.

1939: Germany Invades PolandLuftwaffe…. German air force …Very modern

& powerful

1940 Germany invades Denmark, Norway,

Holland, Belgium & France

• WW II officially starts in Europe…- 11a) Blitzkrieg…- The Battle for Britain…

1939 Blitzkrieg… “LIGHTNING WAR” The name implies the rapid deployment of air power, mechanized cavalry and

troops. – VERY FAST, VERY POWERFUL

3) The aggressive actions taken by Japan in the 1930s that threaten stability in Asia…

5) The diplomatic policies & aggressive actions taken by Germany that threaten stability in Europe…

1939 American Response:

The Neutrality Acts are amended to “cash & carry”

1940 American Response:

11a) Selective Service Act…Destroyers for Bases Deal…

11c)Lend-Lease Plan…

1941The invasion of the USSR (or Operation Barbarosa)…

1942 Map of the Axis Powers

Freedom From Fear

Freedom of Speech

Freedom From Want

Freedom of Worship

FDR: The Four Freedoms Speech…

1941World Event: The Atlantic Charter…

13) The “common principles” that President Roosevelt &

Prime Minister Churchill agreed to in the Atlantic

Charter…

• Free trade among all nations• No territorial seizures after the war• Self determination• Disarmament• The four freedoms… Freedom from fear &

want, freedom of speech & worship

Most of the above are related to what previous topic?

Objective…

Describe the U.S. response to the attack

on Pearl Harbor.

Pearl Harbor14) Identify the diplomatic & military

events in 1940- 41 that foreshadow war between Japan & the US…

1941World Event:Dec. 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor is attackedAmerican Response:

Congress declares war Dec. 8, 1941

Sunday morning,Dec. 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor15) Japan’s overall objective for

Asia?

16) Japan’s military objective for the attack on Pearl Harbor?

Pearl HarborFrom You Tube…

Pearl Harbor Day Attack

Documentary video clip: 8:45http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt13c3olXkU

Documentary video clip: 1:50http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnlLRmy3BI0&feature=related

Pearl Harbor – Ford Island

http://www.execpc.com/~dschaaf/mainmenu.html

The Pearl Harbor attack…• The largest surprise attack in history

• 353 planes… Launched from 274 miles away

• Two waves: 1st : 7:53 AM -183 planes 2nd: 8:40 AM -170 planes

Pearl Harbor The damages…

2,400 dead 1,200 wounded 8 battleships 3 destroyers 3 cruisers 188 planes

“I fear that all we have done is awaken a sleeping giant, and fill him with

a terrible resolve." - General Yamato of the Imperial Japanese Army

Japanese photo of the Pearl Harbor attack…

USS SHAW

Battleships USS WEST VIRGINIA & USS TENNESSEE

USS ARIZONA

“I could see the men on Arizona walking on deck and burning alive. They had their helmets on. Their clothes were all seared off. They were a ghostly crew

as they walked out of those flames. And then they just dropped dead”

USS WEST VIRGINIA (left) & USS ARIZONA (right)

USS CALIFORNIA

USS CALIFORNIA

Battleship USS OKLAHOMA

Destroyers USS CASSIN & USS DOWNES

USS NEVADA beached

P-40 - WHEELER ARMY AIR FIELD

WHEELER ARMY AIR FIELD

Hickam Army Airfield

Arial photo USS Arizona Memorial

Pearl HarborFrom You Tube…

Pearl Harbor Day Attack Documentary video clip: 8:45

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt13c3olXkU

FDR requests a declaration of war…

"Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and

deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan." - Franklin Roosevelt, Dec. 8, 1941

A Global War - Dec. 11, 1941

Germany & Italy declare war on the U.S. Hitler declares war against the “half Judaized and the

other half Negrified” America The U.S. acknowledges a state of war

"...Every single man, woman, and child is partner in the most tremendous

undertaking of our history."- FDR

Map of the Axis Powers 1942