World War IIWorld War II

Chapter 26Chapter 26

Road to WarRoad to WarSection 1Section 1

The Rise of DictatorsThe Rise of Dictators DictatorDictator – a leader who takes control – a leader who takes control

by forceby force1.1. Adolf Hitler – GermanyAdolf Hitler – Germany

– Nazi PartyNazi Party– Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism – hatred of the Jewish race – hatred of the Jewish race– Ended democracy – totalitarian ruleEnded democracy – totalitarian rule

2.2. Benito Mussolini – ItalyBenito Mussolini – Italy– FascismFascism – extreme nationalism and racism – extreme nationalism and racism

3.3. Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union (Communism)Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union (Communism)4.4. Japan – military led gov’t invaded ChinaJapan – military led gov’t invaded China

American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality

US wanted nothing to do w/ world US wanted nothing to do w/ world conflictconflict

Neutrality Acts – no sale of weapons Neutrality Acts – no sale of weapons to nations at warto nations at war

Germany on the MoveGermany on the Move

Munich Conference – no more Munich Conference – no more German expansion (Britain, France German expansion (Britain, France Germany)Germany)

Soviet-German Non-Aggressive PactSoviet-German Non-Aggressive Pact Putting force near the Rhineland, Putting force near the Rhineland,

Austria and Czechoslovakia Austria and Czechoslovakia

War BeginsWar BeginsSection 2Section 2

Germany Invades: PolandGermany Invades: Poland

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg – lightning war (quick strike) – lightning war (quick strike) September 1, 1939September 1, 1939 Germany & Sov. Un. split Poland 50/50Germany & Sov. Un. split Poland 50/50 Britain and France declare warBritain and France declare war

• Little they could doLittle they could do Soviets attack: Latvia, Lithuania, Soviets attack: Latvia, Lithuania,

Estonia, and FinlandEstonia, and Finland

The War ExpandsThe War Expands

Maginot Line – fortified line between Maginot Line – fortified line between Belgium and Switzerland Belgium and Switzerland • Major dividing line in the westMajor dividing line in the west

Hitler attacked: Denmark, Norway, Hitler attacked: Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, BelgiumNetherlands, Belgium

Axis Powers formed (Germany, Italy, Axis Powers formed (Germany, Italy, later on Japanlater on Japan

June 14, 1940 – blitz and capture ParisJune 14, 1940 – blitz and capture Paris

Maginot Line. Paris

On your MAP:On your MAP:

Countries Countries • CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia• AustriaAustria• SwitzerlandSwitzerland• SwedenSweden• HungaryHungary

CitiesCities• LondonLondon• WarsawWarsaw• RomeRome• MoscowMoscow• BerlinBerlin

Bodies of WaterBodies of Water• Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea• Black SeaBlack Sea• English ChannelEnglish Channel• North SeaNorth Sea• Baltic SeaBaltic Sea• Adriatic SeaAdriatic Sea• Atlantic OceanAtlantic Ocean

The Battle of BritainThe Battle of Britain

German Air Attacks on LondonGerman Air Attacks on London• Many civilian deathsMany civilian deaths

Britain never gave upBritain never gave up Nazis never gained controlNazis never gained control Germans gave upGermans gave up

“We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.”

- Winston Churchill Battle of Britain

Maginot Line. Paris

1. Blitzkrieg in Poland

2. Blitz in Paris

3. Battle of Britain

Germany Turns EastGermany Turns East

Frustrated by not winning Britain Frustrated by not winning Britain Hitler attacks the Soviet UnionHitler attacks the Soviet Union• June 1941June 1941• This broke a non-aggressive pact that This broke a non-aggressive pact that

the two countries hadthe two countries had

Election of 1940Election of 1940

FDR runs and wins a 3FDR runs and wins a 3rdrd Term Term• 11stst time ever time ever

““Your boys are not going to be sent Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars.”into any foreign wars.”

US Begins InvolvementUS Begins Involvement

1.1. Lend-Lease – supplying arms to Lend-Lease – supplying arms to other countriesother countries

2.2. Atlantic CharterAtlantic Charter End “Nazi Tyranny”End “Nazi Tyranny” Disarmament and freedom for the Disarmament and freedom for the

whole worldwhole world

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Dec. 7, 1941 – 7:55 am – HawaiiDec. 7, 1941 – 7:55 am – Hawaii Japanese sneak attackJapanese sneak attack 8 battleships, 3 cruisers, 4 other ships8 battleships, 3 cruisers, 4 other ships 2,400 killed2,400 killed

“… a date that will live in infamy.”

- Franklin D. Roosevelt

US Declares WarUS Declares War

Dec. 7, 1941 US declares war on JapanDec. 7, 1941 US declares war on Japan 3 days later Axis Powers declare war on 3 days later Axis Powers declare war on

USUS Congress approves war on Axis PowersCongress approves war on Axis Powers

On the Home FrontOn the Home Front

Section 3Section 3

Raising the ArmyRaising the Army

Selective Service Act – DraftSelective Service Act – Draft 15,000,000 joined military15,000,000 joined military

• 350,000 women350,000 women MobilizationMobilization – preparations for war – preparations for war

Financing the WarFinancing the War

$320 billion$320 billion Income Tax & war bondsIncome Tax & war bonds

FactoriesFactories

Traded consumer goods for war Traded consumer goods for war goodsgoods• 70,000 ships70,000 ships• 100,000 tanks and airplanes100,000 tanks and airplanes• Millions of gunsMillions of guns

Very efficientVery efficient ProProsperity returns to USsperity returns to US

Sacrifices Sacrifices

Families separatedFamilies separated Goods Goods rationedrationed: consumers can only : consumers can only

buy a limited amountbuy a limited amount

Women in the WarWomen in the War

Activity:Activity: what do you think the role of what do you think the role of a women was prior to 1940?a women was prior to 1940?

MilitaryMilitary Worked in factoriesWorked in factories

• Rosie the RiveterRosie the Riveter Lost jobs after the warLost jobs after the war Opinions changed about womenOpinions changed about women

African AmericansAfrican Americans

700,000 served in military700,000 served in military Tuskegee AirmenTuskegee Airmen Equal Rights movement in factoriesEqual Rights movement in factories Migration north – racial tensionsMigration north – racial tensions

“You say we’re fightin’ for democracy, then why don’t democracy include me?”

- Langston Hughes

Native AmericansNative Americans

Code talkers – Navajo languageCode talkers – Navajo language Ira Hayes raises flag at Iwo JimaIra Hayes raises flag at Iwo Jima

Hispanic AmericansHispanic Americans

500,000 served500,000 served 17 Mexicans awarded the 17 Mexicans awarded the

Congressional Medal of HonorCongressional Medal of Honor

Japanese AmericansJapanese Americans

National fear of internal attackNational fear of internal attack Internment campsInternment camps

• 100,000 from the west coast100,000 from the west coast• 3 years3 years

ACTIVITYACTIVITY

Compare how America reacted to WWII Compare how America reacted to WWII to how we are reacting to our current to how we are reacting to our current war. How are they the same and how war. How are they the same and how are they different? Why do you think are they different? Why do you think this is so?this is so?

War in Europe and AfricaWar in Europe and Africa

Section 4Section 4

Hitler ExpandsHitler Expands

Almost all of EuropeAlmost all of Europe Much of N. AfricaMuch of N. Africa America goes to war in Europe America goes to war in Europe

before Japanbefore Japan• Bigger threatBigger threat

Allied ForcesAllied Forces United StatesUnited States Great BritainGreat Britain FranceFrance PolandPoland AustraliaAustralia New ZealandNew Zealand IndiaIndia NewfoundlandNewfoundland South AfricaSouth Africa CanadaCanada NorwayNorway DenmarkDenmark BelgiumBelgium LuxembourgLuxembourg CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia BrazilBrazil EthiopiaEthiopia IraqIraq BoliviaBolivia ColumbiaColumbia LiberiaLiberia PeruPeru LebanonLebanon Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia ArgentinaArgentina ChileChile

GreeceGreece YugoslaviaYugoslavia Soviet Union***Soviet Union*** MongoliaMongolia PanamaPanama SamoaSamoa GuamGuam Puerto RicoPuerto Rico Dominican RepublicDominican Republic El SalvadorEl Salvador HaitiHaiti HondurasHonduras NicaraguaNicaragua ChinaChina MexicoMexico GuatemalaGuatemala CubaCuba Italy***Italy*** RomaniaRomania BulgariaBulgaria San MarinoSan Marino AlbaniaAlbania EcuadorEcuador ParaguayParaguay UruguayUruguay VenezuelaVenezuela TurkeyTurkey

The Eastern FrontThe Eastern Front Leningrad – 900 day Leningrad – 900 day siegesiege – military – military

blockadeblockade• Supplies ran low (cats/dogs)Supplies ran low (cats/dogs)• Thousands Died – NEVER GAVE UPThousands Died – NEVER GAVE UP

Moscow – Soviet capitalMoscow – Soviet capital• Bad weatherBad weather• Germany reaches the middle of the city Germany reaches the middle of the city

but never takes control - retreatbut never takes control - retreat

The Eastern FrontThe Eastern Front

Stalingrad – oil rich city in the southStalingrad – oil rich city in the south• Street by street/house by houseStreet by street/house by house• Won by GermanyWon by Germany• Soviets reclaim within a few monthsSoviets reclaim within a few months

Heavy losses on both sidesHeavy losses on both sides

Maginot Line. Paris

1. Blitzkrieg in Poland

2. Blitz in Paris

3. Battle of Britain

4. Battle of Leningrad

5. Battle of Moscow

6. Battle of Stalingrad

Air Attacks Over GermanyAir Attacks Over Germany

Summer 1942 – British/USA Summer 1942 – British/USA bombings over Germanybombings over Germany

Factories/CitiesFactories/Cities• Massive destructionMassive destruction

Didn’t phase German militaryDidn’t phase German military

North African CampaignNorth African Campaign

General Erwin Rommel (German)General Erwin Rommel (German)• ““Desert FoxDesert Fox

Gen. Eisenhower & Gen. Patton Gen. Eisenhower & Gen. Patton Nov. 1942 to May 1943Nov. 1942 to May 1943 Hitler driven from AfricaHitler driven from Africa

ACTIVITYACTIVITY: describe the conditions of the : describe the conditions of the desert. What problems would occur in desert. What problems would occur in fighting a war in the desert. fighting a war in the desert.

Invasion of ItalyInvasion of Italy

Summer 1943Summer 1943 Italians easily beaten, Hitler Italians easily beaten, Hitler

continued to fightcontinued to fight• Germany held for 4 monthsGermany held for 4 months

Allies liberated Rome in June 1944Allies liberated Rome in June 1944

D-DayD-Day

Operation Overload Operation Overload • Gen. Dwight D. EisenhowerGen. Dwight D. Eisenhower

French coast of NormandyFrench coast of Normandy Over 1 million Allied troopsOver 1 million Allied troops After storming the beach, Allies After storming the beach, Allies

pushed forward and liberated Parispushed forward and liberated Paris• Aug. 15, 1944Aug. 15, 1944

D-Day StatisticsD-Day Statistics 150,000 troops landed on the beach on 150,000 troops landed on the beach on

June 6June 6thth

• Over a million followedOver a million followed Around 10,000 Allies dead on June 6thAround 10,000 Allies dead on June 6th 9,000 Germans dead of June 69,000 Germans dead of June 6thth

425,000 total dead @ Normandy425,000 total dead @ Normandy 566,648 tons of supplies566,648 tons of supplies 171,532 vehicles171,532 vehicles

Battle of the BuldgeBattle of the Buldge

Stand off @ the Rhine RiverStand off @ the Rhine River• COLD!!!COLD!!!

Dec. 16, 1944 – surprise attackDec. 16, 1944 – surprise attack Germany drives deep into Allied linesGermany drives deep into Allied lines Allies overcome forceAllies overcome force Last major German offensiveLast major German offensive

• 75,000 dead75,000 dead

Final Stages in EuropeFinal Stages in Europe

FDR dies in Feb. 1945FDR dies in Feb. 1945• Harry Truman takes overHarry Truman takes over

Hitler’s suicide – April 30, 1945Hitler’s suicide – April 30, 1945 V-E Day – Victory in EuropeV-E Day – Victory in Europe

• May 7, 1945May 7, 1945• German SurrenderGerman Surrender

War in the PacificWar in the Pacific

Section 5Section 5

The Pacific FrontThe Pacific Front

On Dec. 7, 1941 (Pearl Harbor Day) On Dec. 7, 1941 (Pearl Harbor Day) Japan also bombed American air Japan also bombed American air fields in:fields in:• PhilippinesPhilippines• Wake Wake • GuamGuam

Gen. Douglas MacArthur – retreat to Gen. Douglas MacArthur – retreat to Bataan Peninsula in the PhilippinesBataan Peninsula in the Philippines

The PhilippinesThe Philippines

Allied troops @ Bataan forced to Allied troops @ Bataan forced to surrendersurrender• 76,000 taken prisoner76,000 taken prisoner

Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March• 60 miles60 miles• Killed if they couldn’t walkKilled if they couldn’t walk• 22,000 killed22,000 killed

““I shall return” – Gen. MacArthurI shall return” – Gen. MacArthur

Island HoppingIsland Hopping Island HoppingIsland Hopping – attacking and capturing – attacking and capturing

key islandskey islands Quick Strike – James DoolittleQuick Strike – James Doolittle

• Tokyo – moral victoryTokyo – moral victory Battle of the Coral SeaBattle of the Coral Sea

• Strategic victory – no advancement to AustraliaStrategic victory – no advancement to Australia MidwayMidway Guadal Canal – most vicious battleGuadal Canal – most vicious battle Battle of Leyte GulfBattle of Leyte Gulf

• Philippines – MacArthur’s revengePhilippines – MacArthur’s revenge

Advance to JapanAdvance to Japan

Iwo Jima, OkinawaIwo Jima, Okinawa Allied pounding of Japan’s mainlandAllied pounding of Japan’s mainland KamikazesKamikazes – suicide pilots – suicide pilots

• Desperation, planes full of explosivesDesperation, planes full of explosives• Sunk many battle shipsSunk many battle ships

On Your MapOn Your Map CountriesCountries

• Japan Japan • ChinaChina• KoreaKorea• AustraliaAustralia• PhilippinesPhilippines• New GuineaNew Guinea• IndonesiaIndonesia

Bodies of WaterBodies of Water• Pacific OceanPacific Ocean• Indian OceanIndian Ocean• Coral SeaCoral Sea

Cities, States, or IslandsCities, States, or Islands• HawaiiHawaii• GuamGuam• MidwayMidway• WakeWake• TokyoTokyo• OkinawaOkinawa• BeijingBeijing• Hong KongHong Kong• HiroshimaHiroshima• NagasakiNagasaki

Atomic BombAtomic Bomb

Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project – a program to – a program to

develop new extremely powerful develop new extremely powerful weaponsweapons

Potsdam DeclarationPotsdam Declaration• Surrender or “UTTER DESTRUCTION”Surrender or “UTTER DESTRUCTION”

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2552156377245852199&hl=en

Click on LinkClick on Link

Final Stages of WarFinal Stages of War

August 6, 1945 - HiroshimaAugust 6, 1945 - Hiroshima• Enola Gay – Little BoyEnola Gay – Little Boy• 70,000 dead70,000 dead

3 days later – Nagasaki3 days later – Nagasaki• Fat ManFat Man• 40,000 dead40,000 dead

Thousands more would die from Thousands more would die from radiationradiation

ACTIVITYACTIVITY

In PairsIn Pairs• Did the United States need to drop the Did the United States need to drop the

A-bomb? Explain.A-bomb? Explain.• What are the pros and cons to using this What are the pros and cons to using this

kind of weapon?kind of weapon?• What would be an alternative to What would be an alternative to

dropping the A-bomb in this situation?dropping the A-bomb in this situation?

THE ENDTHE END

August 15, 1945 – “V-J Day”August 15, 1945 – “V-J Day”• Victory over JapanVictory over Japan

September 2, 1945 – Japan signs a September 2, 1945 – Japan signs a surrendersurrender

War TrialsWar Trials

Nazi/Japanese leaders on trial for Nazi/Japanese leaders on trial for crimes against humanitycrimes against humanity

31 executed, hundreds put in prison31 executed, hundreds put in prison

Cost of the WarCost of the War

Total Dead – over 40 million (some Total Dead – over 40 million (some sources say as many as 70 million)sources say as many as 70 million)• ½ from the Soviet Union½ from the Soviet Union

322,000 Americans died, 800,000 322,000 Americans died, 800,000 injuredinjured

11 million dead in Holocaust11 million dead in Holocaust• Over 6 million of them were JewsOver 6 million of them were Jews

US Cost – $288,000,000,000US Cost – $288,000,000,000• Today this would be 4 trillionToday this would be 4 trillion