world war ii
DESCRIPTION
World War II. America Returns to Isolationism & Rise of Fascists/Dictatorships. 1921 – Washington Naval Conference. Hosted by Pres. Harding Leading nations agreed to limit the size of their navies. 1928 - Kellog -Briand Pact . Signed by 62 nations Renounced use of war. 1930’s . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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World War II
Unit 8A, Lesson 2
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FascismNazismLebensraumMein Kampf
AppeasementNonaggression PactHolocaustAryans (definition
#2)
Unit 8A, Lesson 2 Vocabulary (pg 188-189)
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China Before WWII
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1912 - Sun Yixian, leader of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) led a revolt that overthrew the Qing Dynasty. Yuan became the first president of the Chinese Republic.
China
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1915 – Yuan made himself emperor.
China
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1916 – Yuan died and civil war broke out. Sun could not reorganize the Kuomintang.
China
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1920s – The Communist Party was formed. Sun allied with them.
China
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1925 – Sun died and Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) became the leader of the Kuomintang.
China
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1927 – Chiang Kai-shek forced the Communists into hiding.
China
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1928 – Chiang Kai-shek became President of China
China
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1931 – Japan invaded Manchuria. They wanted to gain a mainland empire for access to resources.
China
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1934 – Communists began the Long March (retreat to the north) and Mao Zedong arose as the top Communist leader.
China
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1937 – Japan began a full-scale invasion of China.
China
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Rise of Fascists
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1922 - The king of Italy let Benito Mussolini lead the government.
Mussolini used thugs to threaten his political opponents.
He abolished democracy.1935 – Italy invaded Ethiopia.
Italy
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Nazism = German fascism.1933 – Adolf Hitler became
Germany’s leader.1936 – Hitler formed an
alliance with Mussolini and Japan.
Germany
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1936 – General Francisco Franco led a revolution.
Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin sent aid.
1939 – Franco became the Fascist dictator.
Spain
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Timeline of WWII Events
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Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill
France – Charles de GaulleUSSR – Joseph StalinU.S. – Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman
Allies
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Germany – Adolf HitlerItaly – Benito MussoliniJapan – Emperor Hirohito and Prime Minister
Hideki Tojo
Axis
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Germany took over most of Czechoslovakia.
March 15, 1939
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Alliance formed by Hitler and Mussolini
May 1939 – Pact of Steel
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Signed by Hitler and Stalin
August, 1939 – Nonaggression Pact
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Germany invaded Poland.Britain and France declare war.Germany defeated Poland in a 4 week
blitzkrieg (lightning war)Used the Luftwaffe and panzers
September, 1939 – WWII Started
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Germany invaded Denmark and Norway
April 1940
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Germany defeated Holland, Luxembourg, and Belgium (in two weeks).
Allies were pushed to the coast of Dunkirk (France)
May 1940
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“Miracle of Dunkirk” – 350,000 solders were evacuated across the English
Channel
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French surrendered when Germany advanced past the Maginot Line (France’s main defense)
June 1940
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Germany bombed British cities.The Royal Air Force (RAF) fought off the
German Luftwaffe for a year.
Summer 1940 – Battle of Britain
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Hitler sent Gen. Rommel (The “Desert Fox”) to aid Mussolini in North Africa.
Spring 1941
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Lend-Lease Act signed with U.S.
March 1941
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Germany took over Yugoslavia and Greece
April 1941
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Hitler invaded the USSRGerman advances were
stopped in December when temperatures fell to -40 degrees F
June 1941 – Operation Barbarossa
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Dec. 7, 1941 - Pearl HarborJapan attacked the U.S. naval base in HawaiiJapan also attacked Guam, Wake Isl., and
Philippines.
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May 1942 - Battle of the Coral SeaFought entirely in the airAllies saved Australia
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June 1942 - Battle of MidwayTide of war turned
against Japan.Adm. Nimitz led AlliesJapan lost many of their
best pilots.
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Aug. 1942 - GuadalcanalGen. Douglas MacArthur ordered the U.S. to
attack the island where the Japanese were building an airbase.
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Germans tried to take the Suez Canal.First major British victory against Germany.
Oct-Nov 1942 – El Alamein, Egypt
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Churchill and Roosevelt agreed they would accept only an unconditional surrender.
Jan. 1943 – Casablanca Conference
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Germany surrendered at Stalingrad (USSR)
February 1943
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May 1943Germans were forced out
of Africa by British Gen. Montgomery and American Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower.
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August 1943Allies captured
Sicily and drove Mussolini from power.
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June 1944D-DayAllies invaded the coast of Normandy.Largest amphibious invasion in World history.
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August 1944Gen. Patton used a blitzkrieg
to break through German lines, then swept across northern France.
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Oct. 1944 - Leyte GulfFought in the Philippines.Largest naval battle in world history.U.S. crushed the Japanese Navy.
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Nov. 1944 – June 1945 –Iwo Jima & OkinawaLast obstacles to invading mainland Japan.“Uncommon valor was a common virtue.”
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Dec. 1944Battle of the BulgeGen. Patton and Gen. Omar N. Bradley led an
offensive attack on the German border and within weeks pushed back the Germans.
Bradley, Eisenhower, and Patton
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Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt met to discuss the future of Europe.
Feb. 1945 – Yalta Conference
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USAF firebombed Dresden and Tokyo (Japan)
Feb. & March 1945
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March 1945Gen. Bradley led troops toward Berlin from
the west
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April 1945Soviet troops pushed into Berlin and took
over the city.April 30 – Hitler committed suicide in his
underground bunker in Berlin.
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May 1945V-E Day celebrated by the Allies.Japan still had to be defeated before the war
could end.
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Victory in the Pacific
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Aug., 1945U.S. President Truman chose to drop an
atomic bomb on Japan to prevent more casualties in an invasion.
Aug. 6th – 1st A-bomb dropped on Hiroshima.Aug. 9th – 2nd A-bomb was dropped on
Nagasaki.Aug. 14th – Japanese government
surrendered.Aug. 15th – V-J Day celebrated by Allies.
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Japan had planned to attack the Panama Canal since it was a trade center for the Allies – the war ended before the attack.
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Causes of the Cold War
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Germany would be divided into 4 zones controlled by US, USSR, UK, France.
Democracy would be established throughout Europe.
But, Stalin did NOT allow elections in Eastern Europe.
Yalta Conference
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Communist/Soviet satellite nations – Poland, Czechoslovakia, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania
Germany was divided into 2 sections – East Germany was communist
Churchill said “…an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.”
The Iron Curtain
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Policy to prevent spread of communismTruman Doctrine (1947) – US aid to
Turkey and Greece to prevent communismMarshall Plan (1947) – aid to Western
Europe for economic recovery and to prevent communism
Berlin Airlift (1948) – Soviets closed off Berlin to the West; Allies drop food and medicine and the blockade is removed
Containment