World War IIWorld War II

Part 2Part 2

WWII World MapWWII World Map

WWI vs WWIIWWI vs WWII

Tanks, ships, and airplanes Tanks, ships, and airplanes – moved quickly from battle to battlemoved quickly from battle to battle

Bombs Bombs – Larger, faster planes that could destroy Larger, faster planes that could destroy

whole citieswhole cities Larger area Larger area

– almost ½ the worldalmost ½ the world– 2 fronts: Europe & Africa and the Pacific2 fronts: Europe & Africa and the Pacific

Why Africa?Why Africa?

Germany and Italy were there.Germany and Italy were there. Allies needed to gain control of North Allies needed to gain control of North

Africa to gain control of the Africa to gain control of the Mediterranean Sea.Mediterranean Sea.

If they controlled this sea, they could If they controlled this sea, they could invade Italy.invade Italy.

Taking ItalyTaking Italy

Several things helped the Allies take Several things helped the Allies take Italy:Italy:– The Italian people were tired of war.The Italian people were tired of war.– Mussolini was hated by his people.Mussolini was hated by his people.– As the Allies began taking over, Mussolini As the Allies began taking over, Mussolini

was arrested an put into prison. was arrested an put into prison. • But…But…

• Hitler sent more Germany troops to fight in Italy Hitler sent more Germany troops to fight in Italy and free Mussolini.and free Mussolini.

• It took almost another year to take Italy.It took almost another year to take Italy.

D-DayD-Day June 6, 1944June 6, 1944 Largest water-to-land invasion in historyLargest water-to-land invasion in history Normandy, FranceNormandy, France Allies attacked German forces thereAllies attacked German forces there Effects: Effects:

– Many died.Many died.– Success! Allies broke through German lines Success! Allies broke through German lines

and began pushing them back.and began pushing them back.– The war now turned in favor of the Allies.The war now turned in favor of the Allies.– Allies began forcing Germany out of conquered Allies began forcing Germany out of conquered

countries.countries.

VE DayVE Day

Axis Powers had lost control in Europe.Axis Powers had lost control in Europe. Allies were closing in on Berlin, Germany’s Allies were closing in on Berlin, Germany’s

capital.capital. Mussolini had been captured and killed.Mussolini had been captured and killed. Hitler had killed himself.Hitler had killed himself. April 12April 12th-th- Roosevelt dies and Harry Roosevelt dies and Harry

Truman becomes the next U.S. president.Truman becomes the next U.S. president. May 2May 2ndnd- Berlin is taken by the Allies.- Berlin is taken by the Allies. May 8May 8thth, 1945- The Allies accept , 1945- The Allies accept

Germany’s surrender…Victory in Europe!Germany’s surrender…Victory in Europe!

The HolocaustThe Holocaust

As Allies marched across Europe, they As Allies marched across Europe, they freed people in the Nazis’ freed people in the Nazis’ concentration camps. concentration camps.

The largest group was the Jews.The largest group was the Jews. Hitler began killing people in Hitler began killing people in

concentration camps – “final solution” concentration camps – “final solution” or mass murder of Jews and or mass murder of Jews and “undesirables”.“undesirables”.

More than 6 million had been killed More than 6 million had been killed from 1941 to 1945. from 1941 to 1945.

Why?Why?

Religious beliefsReligious beliefs Political beliefsPolitical beliefs RaceRace Disabled or ill and could not workDisabled or ill and could not work ““undesirable”- Those Hitler did not undesirable”- Those Hitler did not

desire.desire.

New TechnologyNew Technology

Antiaircraft guns- special cannons that Antiaircraft guns- special cannons that could shoot large, exploding bullets to could shoot large, exploding bullets to hit planeshit planes

Radar- helped find planes and ships at Radar- helped find planes and ships at night, bad weather, or long distancesnight, bad weather, or long distances

Two-way radios- helped soldiers Two-way radios- helped soldiers communicate during battlecommunicate during battle

Medicines- penicillin, sulfa, and DDTMedicines- penicillin, sulfa, and DDT

Next target: JapanNext target: Japan

War was over in Europe, not in the Pacific.War was over in Europe, not in the Pacific. Japan had to be defeated, and by 1942 Japan had to be defeated, and by 1942

they were winning.they were winning. 2 battles turned this around:2 battles turned this around:

– Battle of the Coral Sea: kept Japan from taking Battle of the Coral Sea: kept Japan from taking Australia Australia

– Battle of Midway: Island close to Hawaii that Battle of Midway: Island close to Hawaii that would have given Japan a base close enough to would have given Japan a base close enough to launch attack on U.S.launch attack on U.S. Allies won because the U.S. was able to break the Allies won because the U.S. was able to break the

Japanese codes with help from Navaho Code Talkers!Japanese codes with help from Navaho Code Talkers!

JapanJapan

Taking JapanTaking Japan

Japan was now on the run! Allies began Japan was now on the run! Allies began “island hopping” as they pushed them back to “island hopping” as they pushed them back to Japan.Japan.

Allies also took back the Philippines which had Allies also took back the Philippines which had belonged to the U.S. before the war. This left belonged to the U.S. before the war. This left the southernmost island of Japan unprotected. the southernmost island of Japan unprotected.

Iwo Jima: The site of the first major battle of Iwo Jima: The site of the first major battle of WWII on Japanese homeland.WWII on Japanese homeland.

– U.S. needed this island for planes and bombers to U.S. needed this island for planes and bombers to land/take of while attacking Japan.land/take of while attacking Japan.

– It was thought that many Japanese soldiers there It was thought that many Japanese soldiers there had been killed during the bombings and that it had been killed during the bombings and that it would be an quick victory. It was not!would be an quick victory. It was not!

Iwo JimaIwo Jima

The Japanese had dug tunnels and The Japanese had dug tunnels and hiding places all over the island. hiding places all over the island.

It took 36 days for the U.S. to take It took 36 days for the U.S. to take control of the island.control of the island.

Many lives were lost (>25k American Many lives were lost (>25k American Marines and almost all of the 21K Marines and almost all of the 21K Japanese soldiers that were Japanese soldiers that were defending it).defending it).

Atom or “Atomic” BombAtom or “Atomic” Bomb Albert Einstein’s letter to President Albert Einstein’s letter to President

Roosevelt in 1939 warned of Germany’s Roosevelt in 1939 warned of Germany’s plans to build a new kind of bomb.plans to build a new kind of bomb.– Explosion made from splitting atoms.Explosion made from splitting atoms.– It had the force of more than 18,000 tons of It had the force of more than 18,000 tons of

dynamite.dynamite.– It had massive explosion, blinding flash, and It had massive explosion, blinding flash, and

cloud of smoke that looked like a mushroom.cloud of smoke that looked like a mushroom. U.S. formed a group of secret scientists to U.S. formed a group of secret scientists to

build this type of bomb before Germany. It build this type of bomb before Germany. It was called the “Manhattan Project” and was called the “Manhattan Project” and was tested in the New Mexico desert.was tested in the New Mexico desert.

Hiroshima and NagasakiHiroshima and Nagasaki

July 1945: Allies send Japan a message to July 1945: Allies send Japan a message to surrender or bombing would continue.surrender or bombing would continue.

Japan did not surrender. Truman wanted a Japan did not surrender. Truman wanted a quick end to the war and to save American quick end to the war and to save American lives.lives.

August 6August 6thth: 1: 1stst atomic bomb was dropped atomic bomb was dropped on Japanese city of Hiroshima. More than on Japanese city of Hiroshima. More than 70,000 were killed and city destroyed.70,000 were killed and city destroyed.

August 9August 9thth: 2: 2ndnd atomic bomb dropped on atomic bomb dropped on city of Nagasakicity of Nagasaki

VJ DayVJ Day

August 15August 15thth, 1945: Japan agrees to , 1945: Japan agrees to surrender and the fighting stops.surrender and the fighting stops.– Victory over Japan is celebrated!Victory over Japan is celebrated!

September 2September 2ndnd, 1945: Japan signs , 1945: Japan signs surrender papers and WWII is surrender papers and WWII is officially over! The Allies win!officially over! The Allies win!

The United Nations (UN)The United Nations (UN)

During WWII, Allied leaders wanted During WWII, Allied leaders wanted to establish an international to establish an international organization to help keep peace in organization to help keep peace in the future.the future.

President Roosevelt felt strongly President Roosevelt felt strongly about getting countries together to about getting countries together to settle their differences peacefully. He settle their differences peacefully. He suggested the name. He worked hard suggested the name. He worked hard to get this started in 1941 and 1942.to get this started in 1941 and 1942.

The United NationsThe United Nations

1944: A meeting was held in 1944: A meeting was held in Washington, D.C. to work out the Washington, D.C. to work out the purpose and structure of the UN. purpose and structure of the UN.

1945: Representatives from 50 1945: Representatives from 50 countries created the United Nations countries created the United Nations charter in San Francisco, CA. charter in San Francisco, CA.

1949-1950: The UN headquarters 1949-1950: The UN headquarters was built in New York City.was built in New York City.

United Nations EstablishedUnited Nations Established

Goals: Goals: – Maintain world peaceMaintain world peace

If fighting breaks out, the UN may be asked to If fighting breaks out, the UN may be asked to step in to stop it.step in to stop it.

It may help work out conflicts to prevent It may help work out conflicts to prevent future fighting.future fighting.

It seeks out causes of war and works to It seeks out causes of war and works to eliminate them.eliminate them.

– Maintain human rights Maintain human rights It helps provide relief (food, medicine and It helps provide relief (food, medicine and

shelter).shelter). It often works with the American Red Cross.It often works with the American Red Cross.

Europe after the WarEurope after the War

Much of Europe and Asia were Much of Europe and Asia were destroyed.destroyed.

Germany was divided into Eastern and Germany was divided into Eastern and Western Germany.Western Germany.

Eastern Germany was controlled by the Eastern Germany was controlled by the Soviet Union.Soviet Union.

Western Germany was controlled by the Western Germany was controlled by the Allies.Allies.

The U.S. offered help to rebuild Europe.The U.S. offered help to rebuild Europe.

Asia After the WarAsia After the War

The U.S. and Allies remained in Japan The U.S. and Allies remained in Japan and took control until they recovered and took control until they recovered from the war. from the war.

The U.S. and Soviet Union divided The U.S. and Soviet Union divided Korea until there was a free election Korea until there was a free election for the country. That never happened. for the country. That never happened.

China was still in a civil war between China was still in a civil war between the nationalist and communists. The the nationalist and communists. The communists won and the nationalists communists won and the nationalists left.left.

War CrimesWar Crimes

After the war, leaders from Germany After the war, leaders from Germany and Japan were put on trial for war and Japan were put on trial for war crimes and crimes against humanity.crimes and crimes against humanity.– HolocaustHolocaust– Terrible treatment/torture of prisoners of Terrible treatment/torture of prisoners of

warwar

• Many of these leaders were executed for Many of these leaders were executed for their crimes. their crimes.