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WORLD WAR II

World War II• World War II

–Dictators ruling Europe

–Hitler in Germany

–Mussolini in Italy

–Stalin in Russia

Europe on the brink of war (AGAIN)1933- Germany has rearmed and rebuilt their industry

1936- Germany and Italy allied forming Axis Power alliance

1936 Japan and Germany agree to work together to stop spread of Communism

• Germanys’ aggression in Europe

• Germany annexed Austria

http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/germany/naziger3539.gif

• France and Great Britain took no action

• Another violation of Treaty of Versailles

–What might have happened if they took some action against the aggression?

World War II• Sudetenland part of

Czechoslovakia

–Hitler believed it was part of Germany

http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/germany/naziger3539.gif

• 3 million Germans lived thereHitler threaten to invade Sudetenland to protect German citizens from harm.

• France and Great Britain take action

–Is it a military confrontation?

–No

•1938 Munich Conference September 29, 1938

Britain and France

agreed to allow Hitler and Germany to annex the Sudetenland

Was this a good decision?

Appeasement

Policy of accepting demands of an aggressor in an attempt to avoid war

• Neville Chamberlain –“Peace in our Time”

• France would not protect Czechoslovakia–March 1939 Invasion of

Czechoslovakia and Lithuania

–Mussolini invaded Albania

• Stage is set for war

–Britain and France prepare

•Hitler aware of the problem of a two front war signs a–NON AGRESSION PACT

–With Stalin and Russia

• Germany and Russia started secret talks while Germany was negotiating with Great Britain and France.–Terms of Non Aggression pact:

–Will not attack each other

– Will remain neutral if either is attacked

• What was not announced to the world:

Hitler and Stalin agreed to divide parts of Eastern Europe

Germany – Western Poland Soviets- Eastern Poland, Baltic countries

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What advantage did Germany gained advantage of Neutrality of Russia

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• Invasion of Poland

–Port city of Danzig

–Was under joint Polish and German control

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• September 1, 1939 annexed city–At same time massive attack on

Poland•Air •Land•Blitzkrieg

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• Hermann Goering

http://worldroots.clicktron.com/brigitte/gifs/goering.jpg

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• Luftwaffe German Air Force–Bombed Poland

–Land forces invaded Poland• Luftwaffe destroyed all of Poland old aircrafts

• Disrupted railroads

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• Poland fell in three weeks

http://www.ww2guide.com/poland.jpg

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• German Aircraft–Stukas Bombed Poland Airfields

http://www.ww2guide.com/stukas.jpg

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• Britain reacts

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• Britain and France honored agreement to protect Poland

• September 3, 1939 Britain and France declare war on Germany after Germany refused to answer ultimatum from England

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WORLD WAR IIWAR EXPANDS

• Hitler’s invasion of Poland introduced new warfare

• Blitzkrieg (Lightning war)

• Great speed along with Great force

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• Poland surrendered within a month

• Elsewhere in Europe there was troop movement

• But little else

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• Blockades but not much fighting

• On western front

• Newspaper dubbed it “Phony War”

• There was hope that war could be avoided

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• Soviets then invaded Eastern Poland

• Poland again disappeared from map

• Soviets then attacked Finland

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• Finland fought hard but fell to the Soviets in 1940

• Next on Germany attack list was Norway and Denmark

• They fell to Germany in a single day

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• Germany now had complete access to Atlantic Ocean

• U-Boats again put British shipping in danger

• France also was in danger of losing merchant ships

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• In Britain Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister

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• He was outspoken against appeasement

• By end of May 1940 Hitler controlled –Netherlands Luxembourg

–Belgium

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• Hitler is in position to surround France

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•1st TURNING POINT OF WORLD WARII

•RESCUE AT DUNKIRK

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• British forces were in France

• German tanks drove toward the English Channel

• British forces retreated from French city Dunkirk

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• Germany made a mistake by not attacking the retreating forces

• 330,000 troops retreated back to England

• With Germany not attacking the troops it gave England a chance to regroup

WORLD WAR IIFALL OF FRANCE

• France stood alone after British evacuation

• France was expecting same type of warfare as World War I

• Hitler attack on France was aggressive air and land

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• France had no chance in defeated Germany

• Italy now declared war on France and England

• June 14, 1940 Germany enters France

WORLD WAR IIFall of France

• France could not defend their country

• France surrendered

• France signed a treaty with Germany

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• Germany would occupy France

• France paid the cost of occupation

• France disarmed

• Government of France was moved out of Paris to Vichy

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• The Vichy Government cooperated with the Germans

• Résistance–Charles de Gaulle

–Led the Free French Government

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• Headquarters were in London• Inside France underground• Groups fought called marquis

–They used acts of sabotage–Blowing up bridges–Wrecking trains as they crossed

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• Cutting communication lines–Were they terrorists, patriots or

guerilla or freedom fighters?

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• They did not defeat Germans but caused havoc

BATTLE OF BRITAIN

• France has fallen–Hitler began bombing England

–Hitler offered Churchill a settlement

–He refused

–Luftwaffe bombed Britain

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• This was to soften Britain for invasion across the English ChannelLuftwaffe stationed airplanes in

France and Belgium

Closer to England

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•2ND TURNING POINT OF WORLD WAR II

•BATTLE OF BRITAIN

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• Attacked– Military targets– Railroads– Industry– CiviliansRaids became known as “Battle of

Britain”

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• Hitler believed the constant bombardment of London and other cities in England would destroy Britain’s will to fight

• Britain held on

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• And the RAF began to repel attacks

• Radar help give Britain warning that an attack was coming

• Britain air defense inflicted damage to the German Luftwaffe

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• The Luftwaffe seemed invincible –The loss of air supremacy and

stopped Germany from crossing the English Channel

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• The air war continued and Hitler increased the blockade of England

• He thought he could “starve” England into surrendering

• Roosevelt and Churchill met in August 1941

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• They agreed to the Atlantic Charter

• The United States involvement was short of a declaration of war on Germany

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• U.S. agreed to send supplies to England

• U.S. supported England short of going to war

• Hitler had suffered a setback with the inability to defeat Britain quickly as he had defeated all of Western Europe

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• Hitler still had his master plan and needed the Soviet Union for there abundance of natural resources and million of acres of land for his expansion plans

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•3RD TURNINGPOINT OF WORLD WARII

•ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR

Pearl Harbor

• Japan–Aggressive in China and Southeast Asia

–America

–Isolationist

Pearl Harbor

• Tension building in 1930’s between United States and Japan

Pearl Harbor

• Economic Unbalance in China

• Open Door Policy threaten with Japan invasion of China

Pearl Harbor

• Japan and Nanking

• Reign of terror on China

Pearl Harbor

• 1940 Japan signed Tri-Partite Treaty Germany, Italy and Japan were now allied

Pearl Harbor

• Apparent that this policy must be changed

• Granted diplomatic recognition to Russia

• Initally America wanted to be neutral

Pearl Harbor

• Japan and United States negotiations failed during summer of 1941

Pearl Harbor

• December 7, 1941

• Japan attacked United States

• Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor

• Surprise attack on Pacific Fleet

• Planned on delivering a fatal blow to United States ability to fight

Pearl Harbor

• Attack was devastating

• However it failed two major objectives

• United States aircraft carriers were not at Pearl Harbor

• Japanese planes failed to destroy fuel depots behind airport

Pearl Harbor

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor

• Next day Roosevelt declared war on Japan

• Germany then declared war on United States

Pearl Harbor

• United States was now involved in the conflict

World War II

• United States fighting a three front war

• European theater

• Pacific theaterHome front

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•4TH TURNINGPOINT OF WORLD WARII

•BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC

World War IIEuropean Front

• BATTLE OF ATLANTIC


• Allies:• War not going well• Atlantic Ocean• Industry could not replace

ships fast enough


Germany produced 6 times as many U-Boats as were sunk

Many United States ships were lost off coast of United States


• Germany was victorious in the early years of the war

• Tide turns


• Technical advancements• Sonar

• http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/exhibitions/boa/defendingthelifeline.asp


• Advancements in depth charges


• ENIGMA

• German coding machine and code book was captured


•the enigma device was captured by the British, from the U-110 German U-Boat.


• Now allies knew where U-Boats were and could steer away or escort ships could be increased


• Atlantic was now more secured supplies could be delivered

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• Also US was building ships at a fast pace

Tide turned in the Atlantic in 1943 keeping supply lines opened to Europe

WORLD WAR II EUROPEAN FRONT

• Churchill and Roosevelt met to discuss war plans

• Europe and Hitler were more of threat than Japanese

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• Europe would be an offensive front

• Pacific would be a defensive war

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•5TH TURNINGPOINT OF WORLD WAR II

•Battle of Stalingrad

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• EASTERN FRONT • OPERATION BARBAROSSA

– Hitler ordered military plan for invading USSR

– Included not only military conquest but “ethnic cleansing”

– He was going to rid USSR of their Jews and intellectuals

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• Hitler postponed attack on Russia because of an uprising in Yugoslavia

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• Hitler planned on a quick strike and conquest

• Hitler needed land and resources for his Master Race

• June 22,1941 Germany invaded USSR

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• His Blitzkrieg was slowed after initial success

• USSR did not have good roads and the mechanized divisions were slowed

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• Soviets were routed early and used scorched earth policy in their retreat

• Moscow and Leningrad (formerly St. Petersburg)

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• Hitler expected quick surrender but Soviets fought to last man

• Hitler plan for early surrender

Were dashed by what?

WORLD WAR II

• Soviet winter

• German army was within miles of Moscow

• Never was able to take over city

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• Stalingrad–Needed to be taken by Germany

•At all costs

•Oil reserves for army and Third Reich

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• Soviets were to defend Stalingrad at all costs

• Another turning point of the war

• Symbol of the war for Soviets

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• Germany fought and Soviets defended for six months

• Street fighting house to house fighting in Stalingrad

• Germany tried to starve Stalingrad

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• Eventually Soviets launched counter attack and surrounded German army

• The German army surrendered to the Soviets

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• First land defeat of the German Army

World War II

•6TH TURNING POINT OF WORLD WARII

•NORTH AFRICA AND ITALY

World War II

• North Africa• Allied Supreme commander • Dwight D. Eisenhower• Great administrator and

Battle planner little command experience

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• Operation Torch• November 1942


• War in North Africa

• Important to Allies

• Needed to reclaim Europe

• Attack “soft underbelly” of German control


• Suez Canal was critical to both Axis and Allies Held by Axis


German commander

Erwin Rommel

Desert Fox


• Allied Commanders

• Montgomery = Britain


• Became a war of armor

World War II

• Rommel Afrikakorps

• Rommel drove to

• El Alamein and were defeated by Allies

• Rommel retreated and ambushed Allied troops at Kasserine Pass

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• Kasserine Pass

• Rommel was able to break through weak allied defenses

• Allies outnumbered Axis tanks

• Rommel countered inflicted heavy losses on Allies

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• Kasserine Pass defeat

• Caused Allies to rethink Allied command

• Appointed George Patton

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• Rommel was short on supplies but continued to fight

• Allies broke Germans defense

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• Rommel wanted to withdraw and regroup

• Hitler ordered him to continue

• Rommel withdrew unable to hold on

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• Morocco–Allies needed to control Mediterranean Sea

–Could attack Hitler from soft underbelly

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• Invasion of Morocco

• Naval concentration

• Intense fighting Allies were able to drive off Germans

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• Patton from the east

• Montgomery from the west

• pushed Rommel and Germans out of North Africa

• Dwight Eisenhower

• George Patton

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• Allies then concentrated on Italy in 1943

• Sicily was first

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• Sicily was stepping stone for allied attacks in Europe

• Operation Husky amphibious attack on Sicily

• July 1943

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• Surprised Italians• A storm blew many of first

invaders off course• Allied planes were mistaken

for German planes and shot down

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• Despite setbacks German response was quick and punishing

• Almost drove allies out of Sicily

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• Allies were able to defeat Germans gained control of Sicily

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• Russia then would deploy troops to attack Germany

• Weakening the German army in the east

World War II

Battle of Salerno

Germany defended Salerno

Battle was going in Germany

Favor

Reinforced allied troops

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• Plus Germany too thin and stretched unable to add reinforcements

• After severe fighting Salerno was secured

• Next Naples

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• Winter Line Campaign

• Naples was captured after defeating German resistance

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• Allies did not enough troops to defeat Germans

• Experienced troops were sent to England to prepare for invasion of France

• Battle continued with no end until 1945

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• Battle of Anzio

• Allies invaded and Germany reinforced troops

• Anzio was a stalemate until late 1944

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• At a cost tens of thousands of lives Anzio was finally in Allied hands

• Cassino next

• Allies under extreme German defense took control

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• Rome was taken and became the first major city liberated from Germany

World War II

• All the time Battles for Italy

• bombing of Germany was underway

• Carpet bombing of German cities depleted Germany ability

World War II

• To wage war because of heavy damage to industrial cities

• Unsung heroes of WWII

• Tuskegee Airman

World War II

• African American pilots 99th pursuit squadron

• Highly successful protecting U.S. bombers

•7th turning point of World II

•D-Day

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• Invasion of Europe and Liberation of FranceOperation Overlord

• Invasion of Northern France

• June 6, 1944 D-Day

• Patton used as deception at Calais

• Germany believed that Calais was where the Allies would attack

• Allies attacked on June 6 1944

• Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword all beachheads attacked

• http://www.britannica.com/dday/art-40543

http://www.britannica.com/dday/art-40543

WORLD WAR II• Omaha Beach

• Invasion of Beach head caused many casualties

• Omaha was the largest assault• It covered a stretch of over 6

miles • A third of the beach was defended

by a 10 foot high seawall and was over-looked by cliffs that were 170 foot high in places.

• Meet tremendous resistance

• Finally allied troops broke through and secured beaches

• American casualties 2,400 • Allies continued assault finally on

August 25, 1944 entered Paris

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• Battle of the Bulge• Or the ARDENNES OFFENSIVE

• December 16, 1944• 1.5 million troops fought• German and Allied Forces • Winter Battle

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• Germans wanted to surround Allies and force a settlement

• Largest land battle of World War II

• The battle lasted until January 1945

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Allies rallied to defeat the Germans

Germany had expended air power trying to eliminate air power of Allies

They failed and the Battle of the Bulge was a victory for Allies

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• Yalta Conference–Roosevelt

–Churchill

–Stalin

• Big 3 Meet in Yalta

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WORLD WAR II

• Met to discuss post war Europe

• Reestablished Poland borders

• Some thought Roosevelt appeased Stalin

• Roosevelt was extremely ill

World War II

• Poland

• United States and England wanted a free Poland

• Stalin insisted on a Communist Government

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• Poland had either invaded Russia or Poland was used to invade Russia

• Stalin did not want that to happen again

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• Roosevelt and Churchill agreed reluctantly

• Also Russia would control for a short period of time Hungary

• Czechoslovakia Albania

•

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• Stalin promised free elections in these countries if he had temporary control of these countries

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• Soviets agreed to enter war within 3 months of end of war in Europe

• IMPORTANT to the invasion of Japan

• more on that later

World War II

• Germany would be divided into 4 parts with each of the allies and France getting a portion

• United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union

World War II

• Stalin wanted German reparations

• Churchill and Roosevelt refused to agree and tabled issue for later discussion

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• The three also agreed to try Germany of War Crimes

• Nuremburg Trials accomplished this

• Yalta last agreement

• Russia due to the heavy causalities in the war was allowed to take Berlin over Patton objections

• U. S. forces went south as Russia took Berlin

• Hitler believed he would be treated better if U.S. forces were allowed to take Berlin

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• April 12, 1945

• Warm Springs Georgia after Yalta

• Death of President Roosevelt

WORLD War II

Harry S Truman is President

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• By end of April Germany surrendered to Allies in Italy

• Army was weakened and could not defend Berlin

• Stalin was allowed to take Berlin

WORLD WAR II

• As Russian troops advancing to Berlin

• Hitler, Eva Braun and close associates committed suicide in his bunker

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• May 8, 1945 Germany surrenders

WORLD WAR II

• Victory in Europe

• War was over in Europe but not in Pacific

HOME FRONT WORLD WAR II


• December 8, 1941

• United States entered World War II

• Roosevelt Speech

• “Day that will in infamy”


• War Powers Act

• December 18,1941

• Gave Roosevelt overall

• authority of everything in WWII


• 1941–War Production Board

–Awarded Defense contracts

–Managed scarce resources


• Ended the Great Depression

• Economy doubled


• Office of Price Administration–Froze prices and rents

–Charge of overall economy


• Preparing for all out industrial war production

• All factories converted to military equipment

• Automobile factories to tanks and planes


• Soft drink company converted from filling soda bottles to shells with explosives

• Pencil factory to bomb parts


• Ship yards expanded

• Labor

• Women to the rescue

• 6 million

• 60% of what men earned


•Worked in factories

•Took the place of men fighting


• Rosie the Riveter

• http://www.darksideoflight.com/totebagpics/totes/rosieriveter.JPG


• War was popular

• Common enemies–Japan and Germany


• Mobilization of armed forces–1935 200,000

–1945 8,000,000


• Home Front

• Selective Service

• Recruiting offices jammed

• 5 million who volunteered were not enough


• Two front war needed another 10 million soldiers

• Japanese Americans joined • African Americans joined

–Limited at first to non combat roles


• 1943 finally saw action

• Segregated from white troops


Tuskegee Airmen


• Scientific community

• OSRD Office of Scientific Research and Development–radar

–Sonar


• Penicillin

• Wonder drug

• 1942 also started Manhattan project


• Economic Conditions–Price controls–Wage controls–Rationing

–Fuel rubber goods–Metals Plastics


• War bonds to raise money

http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=War+Bonds+World+War+II/v=2/SID=e/TID=I998_68/l=II/R=6/SS=i/OID=6496809469112c52/SIG=1hrt83trn/EXP=1133799928/*-http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3DWar%2BBonds%2BWorld%2BWar%2BII%26ei%3DUTF-8%26fr%3Dvz-imp%26fl%3D0%26x%3Dwrt&h=605&w=465&imgcurl=mbhs.bergtraum.k12.ny.us%2Fuser%2Fl7302%2Fgaveman.jpg&imgurl=mbhs.bergtraum.k12.ny.us%2Fuser%2Fl7302%2Fgaveman.jpg&size=45.0kB&name=gaveman.jpg&rcurl=http%3A%2F%2Fmbhs.bergtraum.k12.ny.us%2Fuser%2Fl7302%2Fww2.html&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fmbhs.bergtraum.k12.ny.us%2Fuser%2Fl7302%2Fww2.html&p=War+Bonds+World+War+II&type=jpeg&no=6&tt=228&ei=UTF-8


• WPD –Organized paper drives nationwide

–Scrap iron

Total effort for war


• Culture

• Propaganda movies–Evils of Fascism

–Heroic War Movies


• War Cartoons

• Bugs Bunny


• Japanese Internment

• All Japanese were bad

• Some Germans were good

• Italians same


• Americans saw the Japanese as a threat

• Hearst Newspapers demanded protection for spies


• Executive order 9066• was the instrument that allowed

military commanders to designate areas "from which any or all persons may be excluded." Under this order all Japanese and Americans of Japanese ancestry were removed from Western coastal regions to guarded camps in the interior. :


• West Coast was vulnerable

• War Department Plan–Internment camps set up away from west coast


• Supreme Court

• Upheld

• Hirabayshi v United States

• Korematsu v United States


Japanese Internment CampsTule Lake, CA

Holocaust

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• Hitler invasion of Europe and Soviet Union was part of Master Plan

• “New World Order”

• Europe would be under Hitler’s

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• Needed living space for Master Race

• To have master race ethnic and religious cleansing was necessary

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• Ayrian race was superior

• Russia would supply Third Reich with food and natural resources including oil

• Russians were inferior

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• Hitler scapegoat was the Jewish population

• He first tried to deport Jews out Germany

• Not many countries accepted the large number of immigrants

• Passed Nuremberg Laws

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• (a) to clarify the requirements of citizenship in the Third Reich,

• (b) to assure the purity of German blood and German honor and

• (c) to clarify the position of Jews in the Reich. These three laws, passed on September 15, 1935, and the numerous auxiliary laws which followed them are called the Nuremberg Laws.

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• Second isolation of Jews in Ghettos

• Finally the Jewish problem was to be eliminated

• Final Solution

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• First they shot the Jews

• Not efficient

• Messy and too public

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• 1942 Wannese Conference–Set up concentration camps

–Germany• Dachau

• Buchenwald

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• Dachau

http://www.cif.rochester.edu/~flashy/travel/europe/germany/dachau.jpg

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• BUCHENWALD

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• Poland

• Auschwitz

• Treblinka

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• As they were led into camps

• Sorted into groups

• Old, infirmed, or unable to work were sent to “showers”

• In reality they were Gas chambers

http://www.gruppoutopia.net/htm/archivi/copertine/gennaio/auschwitz.gif

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• Those not killed –Worked forced labor

–Starved

–Lived under brutal conditions

–Disease

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• Killed millions

• Deposed of bodies in crematory after mass graves proved ineffective

• Some people in Germany and other countries tried to help

Holocaust• There was not

enough uprisings to stop killing

• Denmark did help

• Raoul Wallenberg saved thousands

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http://it.geocities.com/brigatanera/images/auschwitz.jpg

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• WHITE ROSE

• Anti Nazi group of students and was secret

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• Ultimately 6 million people Jews, Gypsy Slavs

• And those who did not confirm to Nazism

AuschwitzBelzec

Bergen-BelsenBuchenwald

ChelmnoDachauEbensee

FlossenbürgGurs

GusenMajdanek

MauthausenNeuengamme

PlaszowRavensbrück

RivesaltesSachsenhausenStutthofTheresienstadtTreblinkaTrzebnia (sub-camp of Auschwitz)VughtWesterbork

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• Henrich Himmler

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• Adolph Eichman

http://exlibris.memphis.edu/Secher-Schab/eichman.gif

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• Jewish specialist

• Assigned to eliminate Jews

• Following orders

• After no gassing order he continued to eliminate Jews

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• Convicted and executed in 1962

• In Israel

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• Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

•

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Holocaust

http://www.news-star.com/images/091497/holocaust.jpg

WORLD WAR IIPACIFIC FRONT

• Early victories for Japan

• Singapore

• Philippines

• Guam

• Midway


• Wake Island

• Hong Kong

• Malaya

• Bataan


• Bataan Death March

• 65 mile march

• prisoners were denied food water

• Thousands died on march


• Thousands more died in the camp

• One of the most brutal and devastating events in war


•1st Turning point of World War II Pacific Front

•Doolittle Raids


• Doolittle Raids

• 16 B-25 • http://www.digitalcurriculum.com/

http://www.digitalcurriculum.com/




• Col Jimmy Doolittle

• Doolittle Raids April 18th


• Bombed three Japanese cities

• Tokyo

• Yokohamma

• Kobe


• More of a psychological victory

• Japan seemed invincible with early victories

• Put some doubt in Japanese defense


• Japan feeling that they divinely protected

• That was shattered


• Did not know where the planes came from

• Damage was not great but caused Japan to strengthen to defend island


• AXIS or Japanese Plan

• 3 step attack of Japan

• Air control of Coral Sea

• Then to occupy Midway

• Then Aleutian islands


• Wanted to lure United States Navy into a sea battle

• Intent to destroy the entire Pacific fleet


• Third Step

• New Caledonia

• Fiji

• And Samoa


• Isolating Australia

• 1st step Battle of Coral Sea

• 2nd step Battle of Midway

• 3rd Step never happened


•2nd Turning point of World War II Pacific Front

•Battle of Coral Sea


BATTLE OF CORAL SEA


• May 3 and May 8

• 1st Battle in history that a naval battle where ships did not fire on each other

• Commandeer


• Japanese Force• 7 transports, • 5 five destroyers, • 1 light aircraft carrier, Shoho, • 2 fleet carriers Shokaku and

Zuikaku


• United States Ships• 13 destroyers, • 8 cruisers, • 4 light cruisers and • 2 aircraft carriers, • USS Lexington and USS

Yorktown


• Air battle

• Both sides had trouble locating ships

• United States had radar

• Unknown to Japanese


• Carrier Yorktown damaged

• Lexington damage and sunk

• Japan lost 43 aircraft and aircraft carrier Shoho

Lexington

• Shokaku_Bombed


• Japanese losses were less

• But were not able to advance in the Pacific

• Australia was safe

• Plan to invade Port Moresby were dashed by Coral Sea victory

• 3rd Turning point of World War II Pacific Front

• Battle of Midway


• Strategic victory for United States

• Aircraft carrier had now replaced battleship as the backbone of Navy


• BATTLE OF MIDWAY

• June 4-7 1942

• Japan planned to invade Midway Island


• United States had the Japanese codes and knew of the attack

• Carrier battle and air battle


• Effective dive bombers of United States


• Three Japanese carriers were sunk

• Akagi, Kaga, and Soryu


• Japanese submarines sunk the Yorktown


• United States losses

• Yorktown and Hammann sunk• Planes: About 150 lost in action

or damaged beyond repair. 92 officers and 215 men.


• Four carriers sunk: Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiryu, with the loss of all their planes and many of their personnel. Estimated 275 planes, 2400 men.


• Results of Battle of Midway

• End of the Japan’s offensive movement by their Navy

• United States was able to built up their Navy while Japan could not


• Japan and her Naval advantage was now gone


•4th Turning Point of World War II Pacific Front

•Battle of Gudalcanal


• Battle of Guadalcanal

• First offensive land attack of Pacific campaign

• Began the reclamation of captured Japanese Territories


• August 7 1942 to February 9, 1943


• Important for shipping of supplies

• Vicious fighting for months

• Japanese supplies were cut by Allied bombings


• Battle was the first United States and Allied victory on land and was a critical victory for planned Island Hopping Campaign


• Island Hopping continued

• Solomon Islands, Gilbert Islands, Marshall Islands

•5th Turning point of World War II Pacific Front

•Battle of Leyte Gulf


• Battle of Philippine Sea

• Needed to recapture Philippine Islands

• United States devastated Japan airfields thus limiting the effect of air attacks


• Japan also lost a majority of their aircraft

Another devastating defeat for Japan and her Navy


• Led to the recapture of Philippines and airfields to

• Launch air bombings of Japanese mainland


• Cities in Japan were firebombed Tokyo, Kawasaki,

• Yokohama


Battle of Leyte Gulf October to November 1944

Considered the largest naval battle in history

First use of Kamikaze planes by Japanese


• Series of Naval Battles• Palawan Passage • Surigao Strait • Battle of Sibuvan Sea • Battle of Sumar • Battle of Cape Engano • Battle of Ormac Bay


• The United States inflicted heavy losses again on the Imperial navy of Japan

•6th Turning Point of World War II

•Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa


• Okinawa and Iwo Jima

• Battle of Iwo Jima

• February 16, March 16, 1945

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Pre-invasion_bombardment_of_Iwo_Jima.jpg


• Vicious fighting

• Japanese held out to last man

• Needed for its location for bombing of Japan mainland

• Emergency landing strip for US aircraft


• Taken by Joe Rosenthal


• Okinawa

• Last major land battle of the war

• Needed to launch invasion of Japan


• Operation Downfall

• Journalist and war reporter Ernie Pyle was killed on island


• Tremendous loss of life

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ww2_158.jpg


–JAPANESE

• 76,000+ soldiers killed and 27,000 civilians killed, 7,455 surrendered/captured


• United States causalities

• 18,900+ killed,

• 38,000 wounded +

• 33,096 non combat wounded,

• 763 planes shot down


• Last major step before invasion of Japan


• June 20, 1945 Japanese surrendered

• Potsdam Conference

• Finalized plan to Divide Germany

End of WORLD WAR II

World War II Pacific Front

•7th Turning Point of World War II

•Decision to drop Atomic Bomb

End of WORLD WAR II

• Manhattan Project

• Building and testing of Atomic Bomb

End of WORLD WAR II

•Robert Oppenheimer•Developed project in complete secrecy

•Vice-President Truman did not know of project

End of WORLD WAR II

• Bomb was tested July 16, 1945 in New Mexico

• Test was successful

End of WORLD WAR II

• Decision to drop bomb:

• Next step in Pacific was invasion of Japan

• Truman and military leaders feared Japan would fight to last man, woman and child

End of WORLD WAR II

• Soviets were to enter into war in Pacific 3 months after surrender of Germany

• Stalin stalled on entering war

End of WORLD WAR II

• 3 paths Truman considered–drop the bomb over Pacific to

Japanese what they could expect

–Invade Japan

–Drop bomb on Japan

End of WORLD WAR II

• Decided to drop Atomic bomb on Japan

• August 6, 1945

• Fat Man and Little Boy

End of WORLD WAR II

• Enola Gay

End of WORLD WAR II

• August 6, 1945

• Hiroshima

End of WORLD WAR II

• Hiroshima 100,000 deaths from initial explosion

• Many more died from radiation poisoning

• 60,000 died at Nagasaki

End of WORLD WAR II

End of WORLD WAR II

• August 9, 1945

• Nagasaki bombed

End of WORLD WAR II

• Japan offered to surrender August 10, 1945

• The Emperor in the first radio broadcast told Japanese people that Japan was surrendering

End of WORLD WAR II

• First time ever Japanese people actually heard their Emperor speak

End of WORLD WAR II

• Japan surrendered on

• September 2, 1945

• Unconditional except Emperor was allowed to stay

End of WORLD WAR II

• World War II was over

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