world war two. who’s who in wwii? grand alliance leaders united states – franklin d. roosevelt...

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World War Two

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Page 1: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

World War Two

Page 2: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Who’s Who in WWII?Grand Alliance Leaders

United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Churchill France – Eduard Daldier (PM); Marshal Pétain and

Pierre Laval in Vichy France; Charles de Gaulle in GB Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin

Axis Leaders Italy – Benito Mussolini Germany – Adolf Hitler Japan – Emperor Hirohito & Prime Minister Tojo

Page 3: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

War in Europe - Alliances

1939: Non-aggression pact b/w Soviet Union and Germany

1939: Non-aggression pact b/w Soviet Union and Japan

1939: Great Britain & Poland w/France 1940: Italy joins Germany vs. France 1941: U.S., France, Great Britain, Soviet

Union (Grand Alliance) vs. Axis Powers (Ger, It, Jap) The Soviet Union is invaded, June 1941, changing

sides

Page 4: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Technology of Warfare Maginot Line – Underground fortress Tanks

Particularly German Panzer and Tiger versions

Blitzkrieg (Tanks + Air Support)

Types of Naval Equipment: Submarines – continuing to advance Battleships – increasingly less useful Destroyers – submarine hunters (Sonar

developed) Aircraft Carriers – essential in the Pacific

Page 5: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Technology of Warfare Light machine guns

Designed for use by one or two people at most New styles of aircraft & techniques of

attack German Luftwaffe (air force) Royal Air Force deals with “the Blitz” in the

Battle of Britain (Radar developed) Mass bombings of military & civilian sites

Atomic bombs U.S. invented & owned = Nagasaki &

Hiroshima

Page 6: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

War in Europe• Sept. 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland• Sept. 3 – France & GB declare war• Sept. 28 – Germany and SU divide Poland

• Blitzkrieg and Panzer Divisions

• April 9, 1940 – Germany attacks Denmark & Norway• End of the “phony war”

• May 10 - Germany attacks France, Belgium, & Netherlands – Maginot doesn’t hold up

Page 7: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston
Page 8: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

War in Europe - 1940• Trapped at Dunkirk

• Nazis move through Ardennes forest, split Allied troops

• June 5 Germany attacks Southern France

• June 10 Italy declares war on France• June 22 France surrenders

• 3/5 go to Germany- Nazi-occupied France• 2/5 go to Marshal Henri Petain = Vichy France =

authoritarian regime (Nazi puppet government)• Charles de Gaulle in GB

Page 9: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

War in Europe - 1940• May 10, 1940 Winston Churchill elected

PM• Aug. 1940 Luftwaffe invades GB

• Radar system• Ultra intelligence operation

• End of Sept. = Germany lost Battle of Britain• Hitler focuses in Egypt & Suez Canal (think

Napoleon) but Italy inept• End of July, 1940 – prepare to invade SU

• Hungary, Bulgaria & Romania on board• Yugoslavia & Greece taken in April 1940

Page 10: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

War in Europe - 1941• March 1941 – U.S. Lend-Lease Act• June 22, 1941 - Operation Barbarossa

• Launch attack along 1,800 mile front against SU• Took Ukraine, Leningrad• w/in 25 miles of Moscow, early winter, SU resistance =

German army halted (1st time in WWII)• Aug. 1941 – Atlantic Charter

• U.S. and GB meet to discuss goals for war – Wilson’s 14 Points upheld

• Dec. 11 Germany declares war on US after US declares war on Japan

• Grand Alliance = unconditional surrender

Page 11: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

War in Europe - 1942• Spring 1942 – Germans capture Crimea • Fall 1942, Afrika Korps under Rommel

break British defenses, but by May 1943 Germans and Italians surrender

• Nov., 42 – Feb., 43 Battle of Stalingrad• German Sixth Army destroyed• SU can’t be beat – How do they do it? (pg. 793)

• July 5-12, 1943 Battle of Kursk : beginning of end of Eastern Front

Page 12: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Battle of Stalingrad

Page 13: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston
Page 14: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Conference in Tehran Nov. 1943, Tehran, IRAN Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt – what will final

phase of WWII look like? Churchill – move from Africa and Italy to

indirectly attack Germany through Balkans Stalin & Roosevelt – open a second front in

France in spring 1944 North-South divide line through Germany Eastern Europe to be liberated by SU

Page 15: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

War in Europe – 1944-45• June 6, 1944 Operation Overlord

• Battle of Normandy• amphibious assault lead by Dwight D. Eisenhower• the deception of Calais

• end Aug. 1944, Liberation of Paris • Dec. 16, 1944 - Battle of the Bulge

(German counteroffensive = Allied victory)

• March 1945 – Allied forces cross the Rhine

• end of April meet Russians at the Elbe

Page 16: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston
Page 17: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Yalta Conference, Feb. 1945 Western powers meet in Ukraine

Discuss future of Germany Stalin unsure of West’s intentions – wants buffer

zone btw. SU and West Roosevelt wants “self-determination” and free

elections; asks SU to aid USA against Japan Stalin agrees – receives warm-water ports,

Sakhalin & Kurile Islands; railroad rights in Manchuria

United Nations - meet in San Francisco, April ‘45

Page 18: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

The End of WWII in Europe - 1945• April 28 Mussolini executed• April 30 Hitler commits suicide in Berlin• May 7 German commanders surrender

Page 19: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Potsdam Conference: July, 1945

Potsdam Conference: July, 1945 FDR dead, Churchill out of office as

Prime Minister during conference. Stalin only original.

The United States has the A-bomb.

Allies agree Germany is to be divided into occupation zones

Truman demands free elections in the East

Stalin = free elections would be “anti-Soviet, and that [he] could not allow.”

P.M. Clement President Joseph Atlee Truman Stalin

Page 20: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

The Manhattan Project:Los Alamos,

NM

The Manhattan Project:Los Alamos,

NM

Dr. Robert Oppenheimer

I am become death,

the shatterer of worlds!

I am become death,

the shatterer of worlds!

Major GeneralLesley R. Groves

Page 21: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Tinian Island, 1945Tinian Island, 1945

Little Boy Fat ManLittle Boy Fat Man

Enola Gay Crew

Page 22: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

© 70,000 killed immediately.

© 48,000 buildings.

destroyed.© 100,000s died of

radiation poisoning & cancer later.

Page 23: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Bombing Hiroshima

Page 24: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945

©40,000 killed immediately.

©60,000 injured.©100,000s died of

radiation poisoning& cancer later.

Page 25: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Bombing of Nagasaki

Page 26: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

The Cold War begins…

Page 27: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston
Page 28: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Concentration Camps Concentration Camps

Different types existed Political Camps Labor Camps Death Camps Different Victims

Dec. 7, 1941 Night and Fog decree

Page 29: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Night and Fog SS Reichsführer Himmler issued the following

instructions to the Gestapo. "After lengthy consideration, it is the will of the Führer

that the measures taken against those who are guilty of offenses against the Reich or against the occupation forces in occupied areas should be altered. The Führer is of the opinion that in such cases penal servitude or even a hard labor sentence for life will be regarded as a sign of weakness. An effective and lasting deterrent can be achieved only by the death penalty or by taking measures which will leave the family and the population uncertain as to the fate of the offender. Deportation to Germany serves this purpose."

Page 30: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

“The Final Solution” – Jan 20, 1942 – Wannsee Conference (pg. 330, End of European Era)

Page 31: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Warsaw Ghetto

Page 32: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Auschwitz

Page 33: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston
Page 34: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Anne Frank: 12 March 1945 at Bergen-Belsen

Page 35: World War Two. Who’s Who in WWII? Grand Alliance Leaders United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt (Truman - end) Great Britain – Neville Chamberlain, Winston

Mass Grave at Bergen-Belsen