WRLFMD Global update

Donald King

donald.king@pirbright.ac.uk

WRLFMD Team: Valerie Mioulet, Nick Knowles, Ginette Wisden, Bryony Armson,

Pip Hamblin, Kasia Bachanek-Bankowska, Kelly Adams, Jemma Wadsworth,

Begoña Valdazo-González, Britta Wood, Barsha Thapa, Bob Statham,

Trish Ryder, Sarah Belgrave

Nigel Ferris Retirement

~35 years

Geoff Hutchings Retirement

40 years

Jef Hammond Director

Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute

Australia

5 years +

Yanmin Li Head of Vaccine Research

Boehringer-Ingelheim

Shanghai, China

10 years

Recent staff changes at WRLFMD

Preparation for a potential FMD outbreak • Monitoring of risks

• Early warning

• Validation and testing of systems

Global surveillance • Emergence of new viral lineages

• Patterns of virus movement

• Performance of vaccines

Role of WRLFMD

EuFMD strategic

objectives

1

2

3

4

5

• October 2012 – date: 360 samples

• 199 Isolates

• Represent 5 FMDV serotypes:

• No serotype C since 2004

Recent submissions to WRLFMD

O A

Asia 1

SAT 1 SAT 2

Sri Lanka

Bhutan

Hong Kong SAR

PAT

Viral sequences

Clinical samples

Global sampling Countries sending samples to WRLFMD

October 2012 - October 2013

Reports for these samples can be found at www.wrlfmd.org

Enhanced surveillance through the OIE/FAO FMD Laboratory Network

• Approximately 1800 samples tested during 2012

• Report published on an annual basis

• Network meeting in Bangkok (12-14th November)

WRLFMD: Pirbright, UK

RRLSEA: Pakchong, Thailand

LVRI: Lanzhou, China

FGI ARRIAH: Vladimir, Russia

PDFMD: Mukteswar, India

RRLSSA: Gabarone, Botswana

FMD-Laboratory: Embakasi, Kenya

PANAFTOSA: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

SENASA: Argentina

ARC-OVI: Onderstepoort, RSA

PIADC: Plum Island, USA

CODA-CERVA-VAR: Belgium

Vaccine matching training course – Sept 2013

FMD diagnostics training course – April 2013

Harmonisation of laboratory capabilities: Training and proficiency testing

• Annual training course for laboratory diagnostics

• Training course for vaccine matching

• WRLFMD mission to Balkan States

• Annual proficiency testing scheme

• Aims to harmonise the performance of laboratory tests

• Important component of quality assurance schemes

• 2013 exercise (4 panels):

• 80 invited laboratories

• 46 shipments dispatched

Conjectured Status of FMD

Intermediate, sporadic

Endemic

Free

Free. Virus present in game parks

Free with vaccination

Countries with multiples zones:

FMD-free, free with vaccination or not free

2010-2013: Changing patterns and threats

SAT 2

North Africa

Asia 1

The Middle East

Multiple

East Asia

Changing global patterns: SAT 2 in North Africa

Cameroon 2005

SAT2/LIB/40/2012

SAT2/LIB/41/2012

SAT2/LIB/39/2012

SAT2/SUD/1/2007 (GU566071)

SAT2/NIG/2/2007

SAT2/NIG/5/2008

SAT2/NIG/6/2008

SAT2/NIG/7/2008

SAT2/NIG/4/2008

SAT2/NIG/1/2008

SAT2/NIG/2/2008

SAT2/NIG/3/2008

SAT2/NIG/8/2008

SAT2/LIB/1/2003

SAT2/LIB/7/2003

SAT2/NGR/15/2005

SAT2/SEN/27/2009

SAT2/EGY/2/2012

SAT2/SAU/6/2000 (AF367135)

SAT2/CAR/P12/2000 (VDI 44/1)(HM211082)

SAT2/ERI/12/98 (AF367126)

SAT2/ERI/1/98 (AY343933)

SAT2/ERI/4/98 (AY343934)

SAT2/EGY/9/2012

SAT2/EGY/11/2012

SAT2/EGY/13/2012

SAT2/EGY/6/2012

SAT2/EGY/10/2012

SAT2/EGY/14/2012

SAT2/EGY/15/2012

SAT2/EGY/3/2012

SAT2/EGY/4/2012

SAT2/EGY/5/2012

100

100

79

89

97

98

100

93

100

86

100

100

100

0.01

• First FMD cases in Egypt due to serotype SAT 2 since 1950

• Cases associated with high mortality • ~50% particularly in young animals

due to myocarditis

• Sequence data supported at least two introductions of SAT 2 FMDV into Egypt within the SAT 2 topotype VII

• Distinct from other contemporary SAT 2 lineages in the Middle East and North Africa • topotype VII from Libya

• topotype IV from Bahrain

FMD viruses from Southeast Asia are appearing in East and Central Asia

• O/SEA/Mya-98: • Widespread; at least two introductions

from SEA into China, Russia, Mongolia, North and South Korea, Japan

• A/ASIA/Sea-97: • Introduction from SEA into China and

South Korea, Mongolia (west) and Kazakhstan (2013)

• O/ME-SA/PanAsia: • Introduction from SEA into China and

Kazakhstan (2010)

• What is driving these changing patterns?

MYA/5/2009

46

13

495

MAY/7/2007

82

107

24

3

TAI/22/200976

RUS/Aug 2010

JPN/1/2010

BY/CHA/2010

3325

25

57

GZ/CHA/2010

31

CHN/Mya98/33-P

48

1

HKN/15/2010

232

25

2

56

SKR/5/2010

DKR/31/2011

23

14

35

30 [98]

21

34

HKN/20/2010

GSLX/2010

27

22

MOG/7/2010

MOG/C-10/2010

25

37

SKR/4/2010

2

1

RUS/Jul 2010

Knowles et al., 2012

Valdazo-Gonzalez et al., 2013

Changing global patterns: East and Central Asia

TCS: Full genome

1000 km

600 mi

© Daniel Dalet / d-maps.com

152

292

6

32

3

135

2

2

2

Vaccines

A May97 A22 Irq A Iran 05 A Tur 06

Field Viruses

A/MOG/1/2013

A/MOG/5/2013

A/VIT/25/2012

A/VIT/26/2012

A/TAI/13/2012 borderline

A/TAI/16/2012

A/TAI/2/2013

A/TAI/5/2013

A/VIT/5/2013 borderline

A/VIT/6/2013

A/VIT/15/2012

A/VIT/16/2012

Match

No Match

Monitoring vaccine matching A/ASIA/Sea-97 viruses from Southeast and East Asia

Traffic lights

Recent results:

Kazakhstan: FMD Threats (South East Asia)

Spread of two different serotype O lineages and serotype A

• O/ME-SA/PanAsia – Kazakhstan (2010) – also reported in China

• A/ASIA/Sea-97 – Kazakhstan (2013) – also reported in China

and South Korea

• O/SEA/Mya-98 – a number of outbreaks in China (west), Russia,

Mongolia, N&S. Korea, Japan

Kurchum

Urdzhaz

(New) connections between The Middle East and East Asia

Kazakhstan: FMD Threats

Spread of two different serotypes from South Asia/Middle East • O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2 - in Kazakhstan (2010-2012) • A/ASIA/Iran-05 - in Kazakhstan (2012) also recent incursions into

Russia (North Caucasus)

(New) connections between The Middle East and East Asia

Changing global patterns: Spread of new antigenic variants in the Middle East

• Emergence of a new Asia 1 lineage

(Sindh-08) with poor match Asia 1

Shamir (ISR/3/89) • First recognised in Pakistan (2008)

• Natural immunity may be low in

Middle East

• Lineage has now spread westward

into Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey and

Bahrain

• Spread mirrors recent trans-

boundary movements of O/PanAsia

and A/Iran-05

• Can we predict when/where these

events will occur?

Differences (in red) between Asia 1 Shamir

(ISR/3/89) and Asia 1 PAK/29/2009 (Sindh-08)

Vaccines

Asia1 Shamir (normal payload)

Asia1 Shamir

(high payload)

Asia 1 Ind 8/79

Field Viruses

TUR 2/2013

TUR 13/2013

PAK 10/2012

PAK 29/2012

PAK 30/2012

PAK35/2012

PAK 37/2012

PAK 91/2011

PAK 5/2012

AFG 66/2011

AFG 78/2011

IRN 54/2011

IRN 10/2012

Sindh-08 lineage: Lack of protection of existing Asia 1 vaccines

Match

No Match

• Established in 2010

• Important forum for antigen/vaccine banks stakeholders

• Exchange of information/new developments

• Harmonisiation of standards

• Pont of contact with vaccine manufacturers

• EU, QUAD countries, Mexico

• Annual Report 2013

• Current Chair (from 1st October) – Dr Hernando Duque (APHIS, USA)

• Next meeting (teleconference) scheduled within the next 4 weeks

• Opportunities for increased coordination in other areas?

• Diagnostic reserve (commercial NSP/SP assays)

Working together: International FMD Vaccine Strategic Reserves Network

WRLFMD: The future

Pirbright Institute Redevelopment: High Containment Laboratory (DP1)

Building infrastructure will be completed by Q1 2014