Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions

May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 1

Thomas Stenhede Master of ScienceMarketing/Application manager

Wärtsilä Sweden AB

“Controlling emissions in a combustion engine”

Internet: www.wartsila.commobile +46/70 591 50 79

E-mail: thomas.stenhede@wartsila.com

Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions

May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 2

WÄRTSILÄRTA enginesRT-flex engines

WÄRTSILÄEnginesGensetsAuxpacPropacAutomation

LIPSFPPCPPGearsThrustersJetsRuddersControls

WÄRTSILÄLNGOffshoreLarge scope

SolutionPropulsion4-stroke2-stroke

JMT/DSSSealsBearings

Ship Power - Product Groups

Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions

May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 3

NOx:• acid rain, acidification• ozone/smog formation in the lower atmosphere • damage on vegetation and human health

CO:• detrimental to health

Total Hydrocarbons/VOC:• ozone/smog formation in the lower atmosphere• some considered• contribute to the greenhouse effect

Particulates/PM:• detrimental to health in lungs

CO2:• contribute to the greenhouse effect

Sulphur:

• acid rain, acidification• affects components erosion and corrosion

Exhaust compounds and their environmental impact

Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions

May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 4

Fuel effects emissions by :•Chemical additives

•Catalytic residuals

•Sulphur content

•Liquid or gaseous

Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions

May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 5

NOx:• Engine modifications• Water treatment (WetPac) • After treatment (SCR)

CO:• Oxidation catalysts

Total Hydrocarbons/VOC:• Improved combustion• Oxidation catalysts

Particulates/PM:• Fuel composition• Related to sulphur content

CO2:• Reduced specific fuel

consumption • Choice of fuel; gaseous or

liquidSulphur:

• Fuel related

Methods for reduced emissions

Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions

May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 6

SPEC

IFIC

NO

EM

ISSI

ON

S (g

/ kW

h)

x

4

6

10

12

14

16

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

2

RPM

18

20

0

IMO proposal

Medium-speed High-speedLow-speed

SCR

Low NOx combustion

EPA and EU proposal for 2007IMO -30%

Direct water injection or WetPack8

IMO Global Marine NOx Regulation

Reference Fuel: Marine Diesel OilImplementation: New Ships and major conversions

Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions

May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 7

Controlling NOx emissions

Dry technologies•Miller timing – Variable Inlet valve Closure (VIC)•Retarded Start of Injection (SOI)•Common Rail•Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)

Wet technologies•Fuel/water emulsions•Humidification of combustion air (WetPac)•Direct Water Injection (DWI)

Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions

May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 8

2100 1600 1100 700 300

Engine control11 g/kWh

Water injection7 g/kWh

DF Engine gas3 g/kWh

NOx emissions of a RoPax with an engine power of 20 MW and operating 5000 h/year

Before 1995

21 g/kWh1995-2000

16 g/kWh

Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions

May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 9

Relative Particulate Emissions - Measurement method ISO 9096Influence of Fuel Sulphur and Ash Content

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16

Fuel Ash Content (%-mass)

Rela

tive

Par

ticul

ate

Emis

sion

s -

Refe

renc

e ty

pica

l MDO

fuel

qua

lity

Fuel Sulphur Content = 0.2 %-mass

Fuel Sulphur Content = 1.5 %-mass

Fuel Sulphur Content = 2.5 %-mass

Fuel Sulphur Content = 3.5 %-mass

Fuel Sulphur Content = 4.5 %-mass

Reference = 1:Typical Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Sulphur Content: 0.2 %-massAsh Content: 0.01 %-mass

Influence of Fuel Sulphur and Ash Content on Particulate Emissions

Controlling PM emissions with low sulphur fuel

Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions

May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 10

Controlling PM emissions with common rail

Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions

May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 11

800750 700

600 550

Coal fired boiler Gas

turbine Truck diesel Small marine

diesel Large marine diesel

Gas driven DF Engines

450

Controlling CO2 emissionsSpecific CO2 emissions in g/kWh (shaft)

Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions

May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 12

Controlling CO, VOC emissions

Wärtsilä Corp Marine engine emissions

May 3, 2006 © Wärtsilä 13

The Future looks bright

Thank you