wwi – ambient networks ambient networks: mobile communication beyond 3g anders gunnar swedish...

WWI – Ambient Networks

Ambient Networks: Mobile Communication Beyond 3G

Anders GunnarSwedish Institute of Computer Science

[email protected]

Guest lecture in the course Distributed Systems Uppsala University

2006-12-05

2WWI – Ambient Networks

IP based core networkNetworked services

IMT-2000UMTS

WLANcellular

GSM

Edge networks

WirelinexDSL

DABDVB

Return channel :

Download channel

Services and Applications

New air interface

Bluetooth, IR, UWB, Mesh

Sensor, M2M, Dust

The Network Vision


Ambient Networks Strategic Objectives

Scalable & Affordable networking supporting the dynamics of wireless access

Provide rich & easy to use communication services for all in a cost effective manner

Increase competition and dynamic cooperation of various players

Allow incremental market introduction of new technologies


Network Challenges in the Wireless World

Heterogeneity

Terminal =========== PANs

Vertical =========== Horizontal layering

Network intelligence ==Edge

Cellular vs. IP

Multi-service, - operator, - access

Affordability

User in the centre

Trust Model Always connected


Outline

The Ambient Networks ConceptComponents of the ArchitectureTechnical Solutions

• Node ID Architecture

Project organisation• Project Partners• Timeline• Organisation

Summary


The Ambient Networks Concept


Requirements posed on theAN Architecture

1. Heterogeneous Networks

2. Mobility

3. Composition

4. Security and Privacy

5. Backward Compatibility and Migration

6. Network Robustness and Fault Tolerance

7. Quality of Service

8. Multi-Domain Support

9. Accountability

10. Context Communications

11. Extensibility of the Network Services Provided

12. Application Innovation and Usability


Ambient Control Space

3G3G

FixedFixedLTELTE

WLANWLAN4G4GCorporateCorporate

The Ambient Networks Idea

Ambient Networks:- Common Control Services- Networks at the edge - Auto-configuration- Scalability

ServicesServicesServicesServicesServicesServices

PAN

Personal

VAN

Vehicular

Home

Community

Ambient Connectivity


The Ambient Control Space

AmbientConnectivity

SecurityP2P

Management

Multi-RadioResource

Management

AgreementEstablishment

ContextInformation

OverlaySupport

Layer

AdvancedMobility

Management

AmbientAmbientNetworkNetworkInterfaceInterface

AmbientAmbientNetworkNetworkInterfaceInterface

AmbientAmbientServiceServiceInterfaceInterface

AmbientAmbientResourceResourceInterfaceInterface

Ambient Control SpaceAmbient Control Space


AmbientConnectivity

NamingTraffic

Engineering

Multi-RadioResource

Management

AgreementEstablishment

ContextInformation

OverlaySupport

Layer

RoutingGroup

InformationAmbientAmbientNetworkNetworkInterfaceInterface

AmbientAmbientServiceServiceInterfaceInterface

AmbientAmbientResourceResourceInterfaceInterface

Framework Functions

Concurrently operating functions communicate through messages

Logically centralized registryfor information aggregationand dissemination

Conflictresolutionand consistencymaintenance

MessagePassing

ResourceRegistry Conflict

Resolution


ARIAmbient Connectivity

ASI

Ambient Applications

AN

I

To

othe

r AN

s

CIB------------ResourceRegistry

Comp.Agreem.---------Policy& AAA

Trigger & Context Management

Connectivity MgmtGeneric Link Layer

NetworkManagement

Security domainManagement

INQA & SLAManagement

Bearer & Overlay Management

Mobility Management

Flow Management& MRRM

Triggers /

Advertisem

ents

Composition Coordination

Composition Agreement NegotiationComposition Management

Active Setsconfigure O

node

Realisation Architecture of the Ambient Control Space


CompositionConcepts

A network composition is the negotiation and the realization of a cooperation agreement among diverse Ambient Networks.

Composed Ambient Networks cooperate, and appear as a single Ambient Network to the outside.

The composition procedure is typically plug&play.


Composition NetworkingExample 1

PAN

PAN PAN

Ambient Networks composing to form an ad-hoc AN scenario, flat

composition



PANs compose with a moving network which provides connectivity to a cellular

network

PAN PAN

Cell.Train



Customers can roam into networks where operators have

made no agreements before

PAN PAN

Op 1 Op 2


AN bootstrapping

Ambient Network Node (ANN)• Embodies one or more Functional Entities of the ACS• It is required to implement a basic ACS, which encompasses a basic set of Functional Entities including plug&play management, basic security (incl. ID management), and continuous connectivity• Exposes a basic ANI to allow communication inside the cluster of ANNs

Bootstrapping

Ambient Network (AN)• Embodies all mandatory Functional Entities of the ACS (a minimum ACS)• “Composition” is a mandatory Functional Entity, which also contains the necessary AN-ID used to identify the legal entities in a Composition Agreement• Exposes a minimum ANI• An AN is required to implement a minimum ACS and a minimum ANI, but not limited to it

Composition


Composed ANID

ANN

Basic ANI

ANN

ANN

ANN

ID

ANAN

ANI

Bootstrapping/Composition

ANN

ANN

ANN

ID

ANN

ID

Basic ANI


CompositionProcesses and Procedures

The process of Ambient Network Composition can be applied recursively. Composed network may compose again. An Ambient Networks may take part multiple different composed

networks concurrently.

Three basic phases Attachment Agreement negotiation Agreement implementation and maintenance

Procedures of composition identified so far: Composition creation/ extension Composition Agreement modification Decomposition


The Node ID Architecture


Goals for theNode ID Architecture

Working across heterogeneous domains Treat dynamic changes in a scalable manner A consistent architecture Make technologies, address domains and

middleboxes first-order components of the architecture Support privacy, denial-of-service protection, and an

always-on security model Strong incentives for migration and deployment Significant benefits for adopters even during partial

deployment


Node ID Architecture Overview

IP

TransportApplications

L2L1

OLDOld assumptions:•Point-point connectivity•Trusted environment•No mobility•No multi-homing•Best effort

NEW New assumptions:•Multi-point connectivity•Untrusted environment•Mobility•Multi-homing•QoS

Node ID

Transport

Applications

L2L1

IPvX/L3


Node ID Arcitecture Details

The key design elements of the node ID architecture are Independent LDsReliance on self-managed, cryptographic NIDsHybrid routing (locator+NID)Router referrals to avoid a single administrationNID-based e2e security, privacy, and DoS-

protection Integrated local, e2e and network mobility


Security

Initial handshake (~ HIP) provides an always-on security model; subsequent packets are protected

The handshake also has basic DoS protection Additionally, nodes can manage their NIDs and NID

routers in a Hi3-like manner to provide network-based DoS protection

NIDs can be changed on the fly for privacy reasons, and NID routers provide location privacy


Assumption 1

The network consists of individual Locator Domains (LDs)LD is one routing domain using (a) the same

locator namespace and (b) consistent routing system

Within an LD nodes can freely communicate, without relying on external mechanisms

For simplicity think of AN=LD


Assumption 2

Connectivity between LDs is dynamicRouting changes, multi-homing or mobility events

of nodes or networks

We assume that there exists a stable core and

mobility occurs at the edge

Core networkCore network

LD1LD2 LD3 LD4

LD6LD7 LD9

LD10LD5

LD8 LD12

LD13LD11


Assumption 3

No distinction between hosts and routersTraditional hosts can become routers, such as

when a phone becomes the router for a PAN attached to the phone

Servers that act as forwarding agents for mobility purposes


Hybrid Routing

We have routing on the LD internally (e.g. OSPF) as well as routing on NIDs by the NID routers

This allows us to benefit from internal routing and scales better Still, handling NID routing in a completely free form topology

would be challenging As a result, we assume a core and default routes up; a tree-

like structure emerges Different routing problems in (a) edge trees (b) core Use a routing hint to reduce routing state: A hint to somewhere where the location of a Node ID is

known!?


The Routing Hint

A hint to somewhere where the location of a Node ID is known!?

Destination = NR3

IPv4 Header Node ID Header ESP Payload

Destination NID = ADestination NR = NR4

... ...


Establishing connectivity

LD 3 LD 4

LD 2

LD 1

LD 5

LD 6

CN

A

B

NR 1

Registratio

n

NR 2

NR 3 NR 4

NR 5

NR 6

DNS/Naming Resolution X•A.LD1.com•NID_A•NID_NR3

Lookup (default path)

Well known default path

Core NID router lookup service (DHT, table…)

Known through re

gistratio

n

The Node ID architecture so far


Mobility andMulti-homing

Integrates local mobility, end-to-end mobility, and network mobility

Even makes network-based multi-homing possible

A

A

B

(a)

A

A

B

(b) (c)

A

BA


Routing Enhancements

Route on LD_ID’s instead of NID’sEnable use of multiple paths to core

Capability aware routingRegistration vs new routing protocol

Disconnected operation


Project Organisation


Project Partners

EricssonKTHSICSTeliaSonera

NICTAUniv.of South Wales

ElisaEricssonNokiaVTT

Telenor

TNO

Budapest UniversityEricsson

France TelecomNortel

AlcatelDaimlerChryslerDoCoMo EurolabEricsson Fraunhofer FOKUSLucentRWTH Aachen UniversitySiemensTU Berlin

Siemens AustriaCritical SoftwareINESC Porto

BTLucentNECRoke Manor ResearchUCLUniv. of SurreyVodafone

TelefonicaUniv. of Cantabria

CFRSiemens Mobile

Univ.of OttawaConcordia Univ.

Vodafone Greece

Siemens ANF Data

AGH University

EricssonKTHSICSTeliaSonera

NICTAUniv.of South Wales

ElisaEricssonNokiaVTT

Telenor

TNO

Budapest UniversityEricsson

France TelecomNortel

AlcatelDaimlerChryslerDoCoMo EurolabEricsson Fraunhofer FOKUSLucentRWTH Aachen UniversitySiemensTU Berlin

Siemens AustriaCritical SoftwareINESC Porto

BTLucentNECRoke Manor ResearchUCLUniv. of SurreyVodafone

TelefonicaUniv. of Cantabria

CFRSiemens Mobile

Univ.of OttawaConcordia Univ.

Vodafone Greece

Siemens ANF Data

AGH University

Financed by the European Commission (50%) Budget: 20 000 000 EURO


Timeline of the Project

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3Establishing the

Ambient Networks Concept and its

Feasibility

Technology Development

System SynthesisWork-Areas

IV: Prototyping

and Validation

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

I: Concepts and

Architecture

I: Concepts and

Architecture

II: Key II: Key Technical ProblemsProblems

III: Business Interfaces and

Commercial Viability

III: Business Interfaces and

Commercial Viability

Establishing the Ambient Networks Concept and its

Feasibility

Technology Development

System SynthesisWork-Areas

IV: Prototyping

and Validation

Concepts &Architecture Design

Concepts &Architecture Design

Architecture:Scalability, Evolvability

Architecture,StandardsArchitecture:

Architecture,Standards

Usability/NetworksTest Cases

Usability/NetworksPrototypes

Business Feasibility Business Interfaces Market Dissemination

Optimisation forPerformance

and Deployment

Detailed Specification,Technical Development,

Performance

Feasibility,Functions of ANControl Space

Integration across WWI,

Validation,Market

Dissemination


Structure of Work in Phase 2

Technical Coordination and Business Models

Mobility Management

Context, Policy and Network Management

Connectivity and Dynamic Internetworking

Service-aware AdaptiveTransport Overlays

Composition and CompensationANI

Mig

ration

& S

tand

ardisatio

n R

oad

map

Secu

rity

WP-H

WP-A

WP-B

WP-D

WP-E

WP-F

WP-G

WP-C

ASI

Multi-AccessARI Nam

ing

Arch

itecture

Integration&

Verification

Technical Coordination and Business Models

Mobility Management

Context, Policy and Network Management

Connectivity and Dynamic Internetworking

Service-aware AdaptiveTransport Overlays

Composition and CompensationANIANI

Mig

ration

& S

tand

ardisatio

n R

oad

map

Secu

rity

WP-H

WP-A

WP-B

WP-D

WP-E

WP-F

WP-G

WP-C

ASIASI

Multi-AccessARIARI Nam

ing

Arch

itecture

Integration&

Verification


Summary

AN project provides a new networking concept AN Highlights

CompositionModular ACSASI, ANI, ARI

Phase 2 will provide a comprehensive A N prototype

This talk is available at :

http://www.sics.se/~aeg/talks/uppsala061205.ppt


Further Reading

Project web page:

http://www.ambient-networks.org

Deliverable:

D 1.5 AN Framework Architecture

Paper:

"A Node Identity Internetworking Architecture", Bengt Ahlgren, Jari Arkko, Lars Eggert and Jarno Rajahalme. 9th IEEE Global Internet Symposium , Barcelona, Spain, April 28-29, 2006.


Master thesis project

www.sics.se/cna/exjobb.html


Thank you for your attention!!!

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