WWI

Chapter 16

WWI colored alliance map

• World map here

4 MAIN Reasons for World War I

• M• A• I• N

ilitarism

lliances

mperialism

ationalism

Long term causes

Alliances

Militarism

Imperialism

Nationalism

Alliances

• Agreements among nations to aid each other if attacked

• Russian agreements to protect smaller Slavic nations

• Emergence of Allies and Central Powers

Militarism

• Military power seen as symbol of national prestige

• Glorification of war by all powers• Arms race among great powers• Influential military leaders• Belief in Social Darwinism

Nationalism

• Aggressive Pride in your Country • French revenge against Germany for taking

Alsace and Lorraine• German pride in military power and

industrial growth• Serbian desire to create a south Slav

state and Pan-Slavism

Imperialism

• British concern over German growth and competition for colonies

• Economic rivalries among Britain, Germany, and France

• British and French desire to contain German claims in Africa

Patriotic photo here

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• Archduke Francis Ferdinand visits Sarajevo– – – – – – –

• Britain declares war on Germany

Outbreak of WarThe spark that ignites WWI

Flowchart

8-10 items

Pg 501-502

• Archduke Francis Ferdinand visits Sarajevo• Ferdinand (A-H) assassinated• A-H, with Germany’s help, declares war on Serbia • Serbia seeks help from Russia• Germany declares war on Russia whose ally is France • Germany declares war on France• Germany invades Belgium to attack France, (schlieffen

Plan)• to Protect neutral Belgium, Britain declares war on

Germany

Outbreak of WarThe spark that ignites WWI

Trench Warfare• Main type of fighting in

WWI• Its where soldiers dug deep

ditches to fight in– No man’s Land- Area

between opposing armies’ trenches

Trench Questions

1. Where do the soldiers sleep?

2. Where do they eat?

3. Where do the use the bathroom?

4. What if it rains?

5. What are some of the hazards of trench life?

WWI New Technologies

1. Machine Guns

• Made it easy for a few soldiers to cover a large area– Made the cavalry obsolete

2) Tanks

• Armored vehicles that led troop advances– Slow, undependable, not heavily armed-– Not much of a threat in WWI

3) Poison Gas

• Caused slow painful deaths– First used by Germans who let it blow across

the land, later shot in canisters– Chlorine gas- Green gas that attacked the

respiratory system

–Mustard gas- odorless gas, more deadly, affected the eyes, dried out the lungs, caused blisters (mustard colored)

4) Airplanes

• Flying vehicles used in observation (recon)– Had little effect on the war– Dogfights- one on one airplane fighting

• Red Barron Richtoffen, German flying ace

5) U-Boats

• Underwater boat used to sink ships– Used by Germans– Major impact on the war

• Blockade of Britain• Caused the USA to enter the war

Russian Revolution• Heavy losses before WWI and during WWI

caused discontent among the Russian people– 2 million killed, 4 to 6 million captured or wounded

• Bad leadership on the Battlefield and from czar– Rasputin- influential advisor to the throne that caused

corruption and bad decisions• Lenin- communist leader that sent back to Russia

by the Germans, – led the Russian Revolution– Sets up the soviet Union

• Russia pulls out of war in 1917 – Gives up land to the Germans in Brest Litovst treaty

USA enters WWI

• 1914 USA was neutral country– US had a foreign policy of isolationism (not

being involved in other countries business)

• 1917 the USA enters WWI on the side of the allies– WHY?

Blank 1914 europe map

USA and allies

1. USA could not trade with the Central Powers

2. USA and UK have Common _______1. Language2. Government3. Heritage

3. Unrestricted Submarine warfare(Germans)1. Sinking of the Lusitania- UK passenger ship

w/ Americans on it

USA and allies

4. The Zimmerman Letter

1. From Germany to Mexico asking for an invasion of the USA

1917 USA enters the war on the allied side

5. Wilson claimed that WWI was “The war to end all war”

Ending the War

• Germany able to fully focus on France• France and UK are battling war-weariness

– Ready for an end to fighting• Germany’s last major offensive on France to

knock out the allies before the US could arrive in force– Stalled 50 miles from Paris

• Fresh US soldiers along with the allied forces push the Germans back

• Germans ask for peace before they are fully taken over

Aftermath

Country Dead Wounded Missing Total

Australia 58,150 152,170 - 210,320

Austria-Hungary 922,000 3,600,000 855,283 5,377,283

Belgium 102,000 450,000 - 552,000

Britain 658,700 2,032,150 359,150 3,050,000

Bulgaria 87,500 152,390 27,029 266,919

Canada 56,500 149,700 - 206,200

France 1,359,000 4,200,000 361,650 5,920,650

Germany 1,600,000 4,065,000 103,000 5,768,000

Greece 5,000 21,000 1,000 27,000

India 43,200 65,175 5,875 114,250

Italy 689,000 959,100 - 1,424,660

Japan 300 907 3 1,210

Montenegro 3,000 10,000 7,000 20,000

New Zealand 16,130 40,750 - 56,880

Portugal 7,222 13,751 12,318 33,291

Romania 335,706 120,000 80,000 535,706

Russia 1,700,000 5,000,000 - 6,700,000

Serbia 45,000 133,148 152,958 331,106

Turkey 250,000 400,000 - 650,000

USA 58,480 189,955 14,290 262,725

Totals 7,996,888 21,755,196 1,979,556 31,508,200

• Armistice Day (an agreement to end fighting)– Nov. 11, 1918

• Wilson’s 14 points to everlasting peace– Peace without a winner– International body of nations (League of Nations)

» USA would not join the League

• Various Treaties were made with individual countries

• Treaty of Versailles (allies and Germany)– War guilt clause-placed all the blame on Germany and

they had to repay France and Britain for war damages

• Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary all lose land