WWII and The Cold War

Chapter 21

Sections 2 – 5

World War II Begins

Section 2

Guided Reading 21-2I. The Treaty of Versailles was supposed to keep

Germany from building up its military, Hitler ignored itA. French and British leaders chose a policy of appeasementB. Hitler & Mussolini became close allies

1. Italy invaded Ethiopia2. Hitler & Mussolini supported

Franco3. 1938 Hitler claims Austria4. Hitler promised to stop

expanding if he was given the Sudetenland5. Breaking peace, Hitler wanted

Danzig in Poland

21-2 Part IIII. In response to Hitler’s continued invasions,

France and Britain declared war on Germany

A. Germany attacked Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands and Belgium, then France

1. France surrendered in 1940

2. That same year Italy joined in support of Germany

B. Hitler’s attempt to destroy Britain was stopped by Radar

C. Stalin stopped the Germans in the USSR with his scorched-earth policy

Nazi – Soviet Pact of 1939

Blitzing the British

Scorching the Earth

December 7th 1941

D. President Roosevelt tried to use economic pressure to stop Japan from continuing its attacks on China and on British and French colonies

1. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in retaliation

2. Congress declared war on Japan, and three days later, Germany and Italy declared was on the US.

Pearl Harbor

THE ALLIES WIN THE WAR

Section 3

Guided Reading 21-31. WWII was fought on the European and

Pacific fronts.2. The US used the “island hopping” plan

to defeat the Japanese3. The US and British joined forced in

Northern Africa to defeat the Germans4. US general Eisenhower and Patton &

British general Bernard Montgomery5. The Nazi plan for genocide came to

known as the Holocaust

The Generals

21-3 Part II6. D-Day on June 6th 1944 marked the

advance of the Allies into Germany7. President Harry Truman made the

decision to use the atomic bomb8. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the two

Japanese cities bombed9. The Soviets had 20 million more deaths

than the Japanese10. The UN Security Council would

investigate international problems and propose settlements

11 Miles High!

THE COLD WAR

Section 4

Guided Reading 21-4After WWII the United States and

the Soviet Union began to compete for world leadership. Americans wanted to spread democracy and free enterprise. The Soviets wanted to spread communism. The rivalry was known as the Cold War.

Breaking his post-war promise, the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, refused to hold free elections. The US became concerned that the Soviets wanted to spread communism and developed a foreign policy known as containment.

21-4 ContinuedThe US, Canada, & 10 Western

European countries formed an alliance known as NATO. In response, the Soviets & other communist governments of Eastern Europe created their own military alliance by signing the Warsaw Pact.

In 1962 President Kennedy ordered a blockade & threatened a counterattack if the Soviets did not remove their missiles from Cuba. Soviet leaders agreed to withdraw to avoid nuclear war.

21-4 Part IIIChina’s communist leader Mao

Zedong, joined the North Korean forces in their attempt to establish a communist government against the US supported South Koreans. During the Korean War Japan’s economy boomed.

In Europe, the Marshall Plan was seen as the first step in building a united Europe with a stronger economy. America’s increased postwar birthrate became known as the “baby boom”. The US saw an end to racial segregation.

A Baby Boom!

The End of an Empire

Independence Movements

Section 5

Guided Reading 21-51. In order to gain control of their

government nationalists in India wanted a revolution

False. Reform.

2. Mohandas Gandhi used violent disobedience to protest British rule.

False. Civil disobedience.

3. After WWII, Britain granted independence to India and Pakistan.

True.August 1947.

21-5 II4. Mohandas Gandhi’s daughter, Indira Gandhi,

became prime minister of India in 1966.True. She was assassinated in 1984. 5. The country of Indonesia used to be known as the

Dutch East IndiesTrue. Achmed Sukarno declared independence. 6. Ho Chi Minh fought the Japanese, French,

Americans and South Vietnamese for control of Vietnam.

True. WWII – 1975. 7. US President sent American troops to fight the

Vietcong. False. Aid and military advisers.

Vietnam

21-5 III8. Many South Vietnamese refugees were called

“boat people”True. 20 years later some still lived in camps.9. The OAU was founded out of a desire to unite

all Black Africans.True. Organization of African Unity.10. The arrest of Nelson Mandela ended the black

South African’s protests against apartheid. False. But apartheid lasted 30 more years.

Mandela led the AFC African National Congress