x-flow design of ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water frans knops mark steggink irene...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
X-Flow
Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water
Frans KnopsMark StegginkIrene Körbl
![Page 2: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
CONTENTS1) INTRODUCTION2) ULTRAFILTRATION 3) DESIGNING AN UF SYSTEM 4) COMPONENTS OF AN UF PLANT 5) MEMBRANE FOULING AND CLEANING 6) TESTING AND VALIDATING FOR DRINKING WATER7) NEW DEVELOPMENTS8) EXAMPLES OF POTABLE WATER UF PLANTS
2
![Page 3: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
INTRODUCTION WHAT IS A MEMBRANE?‐ A membrane is a selective physical barrier used to separate a stream (gases or liquids and
slurries) into its components based on their permeability through the barrier.
COMMON MEMBRANES PROCESSES FOR WATER TREATMENT:‐ Microfiltration (MF)‐ Ultrafiltration (UF)‐ Nanofiltration (NF)‐ Reverse Osmosis (RO)
3
![Page 4: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
ULTRAFILTRATION
4
![Page 5: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
DESIGNING AN UF SYSTEM INFORMATION REQUIRED:• Feed Quality:
» Non ionics: turbidity, TSS, COD, TOC, color, silica» Ionics: dissolved metals, alkalinity, silica » Others: temperature, pH
• Capacity:» Nominal flow» Peak flow
• Required filtrate quality:» Micro biological removal efficiency» Removal of organics and color
• Other considerations:» Redundancy» Footprint
![Page 6: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
COMPONENTS OF AN UF PLANT
COMPONENTS OF AN UF PLANT• Pre-treatment• Pre-screen• UF skid• Chemical dosing unit(s)• Neutralisation unit• Backwash unit• CIP unit • Post treatment (disinfection, RO etc)• Membrane integrity test unit
![Page 7: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
COMPONENTS OF AN UF PLANT
PRE-TREATMENT• Pre-treatment is installed to:
» Remove particular foulants that UF is susceptible to. (e.g. Mn, Fe, FOG)» Reduce size of UF plant by reducing TSS load.
• Typical UF pre-treatment processes:» DAF removal /reduction of FOG, COD and TSS» Green sand filter Mn and Fe removal, reduce TSS» Coagulation/Flocculation Reduce TSS load, remove oxidised Fe and Mn» Activated carbon (GAC/PAC) colour, odour, TOC» Oxidation oxidation of Mn and Fe, reduction of TOC
![Page 8: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
COMPONENTS OF AN UF PLANT
CHEMICAL DOSING UNITS• For pH adjustment, CEB, in-line coagulant dosing and chemical neutralisation
• Typical dosing sets required:»In-line coagulation: FeCl3, alum, PACl + pH adjustment»CEB: Caustic + NaOCl + acid»Neutralisation: Reducing agent (SBS) + acid/caustic
• Considerations:» Chemical dosing sets should be overdesigned to cater for deterioration in
chemical stock concentration and fluctuating water quality
![Page 9: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
MEMBRANE FOULING AND CLEANING
TYPES OF FOULING ON UF MEMBRANES:• Cake formation• Pore blocking• Adsorption• Concentration Polarization
![Page 10: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
MEMBRANE FOULING AND CLEANING
CLEANING MODES:• Backwash (BW)• Relaxation• Chemical Enhanced Backwash (CEB)• Clean-In-Place (CIP)
![Page 11: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
MEMBRANE FOULING AND CLEANING
BACKWASHING• Reverse the flow of filtrate at higher flux for short duration to flush out foulants from membrane surface and pores.• Effective against surface foulants, loose cake layer and partially effective against adsorbed foulants.
RELAXATION• Short stoppages of filtration. (air scouring may run concurrently).• Loosen cake layer and loosely attached foulants.
CHEMICAL ENHANCED BACKWASH• Chemical cleaning involving a short soak duration.• Effective against adsorbed foulants.
CLEAN-IN-PLACE• Long duration, chemical cleaning involving recirculation-soak cycles.• Use for recovery cleaning or with specialised chemicals for particular foulants.
![Page 12: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
MEMBRANE FOULING AND CLEANING
UF CLEANING CHEMICALS
* It is important to check back with UF supplier on chemical compatibility and dosage
![Page 13: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
One of the main requirements of governments and drinking water companies worldwide in providing drinking water: public safety
REQUIRED REMOVAL• Bacteria (e.g. Fecal bacteria)• Protozoa (e.g. Cryptosporidium and giardia)• Viruses (e.g. Enteric viruses like hepatitis)
DIRECTIVES• WHO • European directive• Long term 2 surface water treatment (USA)
APPROVALS• Potable water approvals: UK, USA, F, D, NL, AUS, JAP, CN, RU
13
TESTING AND VALIDATING
![Page 14: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE
• COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 98/83/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption (Drinking Water Directive or DWD)
• For drinking water contact materials no harmonized EU regulations yet.
• Four EU Member States France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom Great Britain (4MS) announced in January 2011 that they have formalized arrangements to work together on this important aspect of the regulatory frameworks they have in place to ensure the hygienic safety of drinking water.
14
TESTING AND VALIDATING
![Page 15: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
4MSThe 4MS intend to adopt common, or directly comparable, practices for:
• Acceptance of constituents used in materials in contact with drinking water (4MS Common Positive List(s))• Testing of materials• Use of common test methods and setting acceptance levels• Specification of tests to be applied to products• Reviewing factory production control and setting audit testing requirements• Assessing the capabilities of certification and testing bodies
Transition period several years, in the meantime still national approvals required
15
TESTING AND VALIDATING
![Page 16: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
Validating for safe use: leaching of toxic chemicals
Leaching• USA NSF Std.61 (membrane module)• UK DWI reg.31 (membrane module)
WRAS (ancillaries)• F ACS (membrane module plus chemicals)• D KTW, W270 DVGW (membrane fibers)• NL KIWA ata (membrane module)• CN MoH (membrane module)• RU Federal Service (membrane module)
16
TESTING AND VALIDATING
![Page 17: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
Testing for removal efficiency of microbiology
Challenge Testing• USA: CDPH approval as Alternative Filtration Technology
Demonstration study with membrane module to show microbiological reduction of
0.5 μm microspheres (conservative Cryptosporidium/Giardia surrogate) and MS2 virus
• In-house: Challenge testing with membrane module to show microbiological reduction of MS2 virus
Non-Destructive Performance Test (Intern)Demonstrates the Cryptosporidium/Giardia removal capability of the membrane module. • Diffusive Airflow Test
17
TESTING AND VALIDATING
![Page 18: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
Testing during operation
Testing methods• Direct integrity testing: pressure decay
airflow• Performance testing: spiking with indicator substance
non-spiked (naturally present matter)
18
TESTING AND VALIDATING
![Page 19: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
Virus Like Particles (4.3 – 6.0 log)versus MS2 Phages (6.6 – 8.2 log)
VLP is conservative
19
TESTING AND VALIDATING
![Page 20: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
UFC – Xiga / Aquaflex
HFW1000 color
NEW DEVELOPMENTS
![Page 21: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
Virus Like particles
21
HOLLOW FIBER NANOFILTRATIONVirus Like Particles (5.1 log)
![Page 22: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
PENTAIR X-FlowPENTAIR X-Flow
ULTRAFILTRATIONDRINKING WATER PRODUCTION
22
![Page 23: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
ROETGEN, GERMANY
23
UF product flow rate 145.000 m3/d
![Page 24: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
LOWER SELATAR WATER WORKS, SINGAPORE
24
UF product flow rate 260.000 m3/d
![Page 25: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
PENTAIR X-Flow
GOTEBORG VATTEN, SWEDEN
25
UF product flow rate 186.000 m3/d
![Page 26: X-Flow Design of Ultrafiltration plants for safe drinking water Frans Knops Mark Steggink Irene Körbl](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033022/56649ca75503460f9496a0e8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
PENTAIR X-FlowPENTAIR X-Flow
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
26