{xemgmr>r - vpmthane 2017.pdf · 2017. 9. 1. · {xemgmr>r - vpmthane ... m

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g§dmX ghOVm ‘mZdr Am wî`mbm gm’$ë`mÀ`m Vramda ZoÊ`mMo à^mdr gmYZ Amho. {VMm ânya Cn`moJH$am. "~mobm. ~mobHo$ ìhm! ~mobVo ìhm!' ho ¶m boImV {deX Ho$bo Amho - g§nmXH$

ghOJË`m g§dmX gmYVm oUo hr EH$ H$bmMAmho. Vr AdJV Pmbr Va ‘ZwîÒrdZmMo MrO hmoVo.AÝ` àmUr Am{U ‘Zwî` ømVrb ‘w»` ’$aH$ åhUOo‘ZwîÒrdZmVrb nyU© {dH${gV Pmbobr ^mfm hmo`.EH$m ì`º$sbm AgmÜ` AgVo, Oo Ho$di g‘yhOrdZmVgmÜ` hmoD$ eH$V AgVo Ago àJV amhUr‘mZ, Ë`m^mfoÀ`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZM AmH$mambm oV AgVo. {VÀ`mMAmYmao, nañnam§À`m àoaUm, C{Ôï>o Am{U H¥$Vr øm§Mmnañnam§er ‘oi gmYyZ ‘hmZJao dgdbr OmVmV, gm‘«mÁ oCX`mg oVmV Am{U AmYw{ZH$ ‘mÝ`Vm§Zm AZwgê$Z,bmoH$emhr VÎdm§~ahþHy$‘ amÁ` MmbVo. VgoM,AdZrdarb BVa àmÊ`m§Zm {dñ‘`M{H$V H$ê$Z gmoS>UmaoAm wî` ‘Zwî`‘mÌm§Zm ghO eŠ` hmoV AgVo.

emar[aH$ ~imÀ¶m AmYmao ñdg§ajU gmYVm oVAgbo Var, ì`dñWoMr {Z{‘©Vr Ho$di ~imÀ¶m AmYmaog§^dV Zmhr. Ë`mH$aVm ~w{Õ‘Îmm bmJV AgVo.~w{ÕOrdtÀ`m g§ajUmH$aVm ‘mÌ VËH$mbrZ emar[aH$ ~imMmAmYma bmJV AgVmo. AemMàH$mao emar[aH$, ~m¡{ÕH$,gm§Jr{VH$, ì`mdhm[aH$, m{fH$, H$bmH$m¡eë`mË‘H$, VgoMì`º$s-g‘ï>rg§~§Ym§gmnoj Aem gmV àH$maÀ`m ‘mZdràkm§Zm Am{U Ë`m§À`m YmaH$m§Zm; {dH$mgmMr g§nyU©g§Yr {‘idyZ {Xë`mgM gm‘Ï`©embr àJV ‘mZdrOrdZ CX`mg òD$ eH$Vo. Ë`mMm bm^ ‘J Ë`mVA§V y©V Agboë`m àË oH$ KQ>H$mg hmoD$ eH$V AgVmo.ømVrb ^m{fH$ j‘VoMm bm^, BVa gJù`mMàkmYmaH$m§Zmhr hmoVM AgVmo. qH$~hþZm ^m{fH$ j‘VmZgë`mg, Amnë`m BVa j‘Vm§Mm {dH$mg gmYUohrXwamnmñV hmoD$Z OmVo. ‘yH$-~{Yam§Mm {dH$mg ‘§X hmoVmo,

Ë`mMo H$maUhr hoM AgVo. ‘mÌ Aem ì`º$sVrb BVaàkm§Mm nwaonya bm^ g‘yhOrdZmg ìhmdm, øm CÔoemZoM‘J {MÝhñdê$n ^mfm, ~«obgma»`m gm§Ho${VH$ {bnrøm§Mr {Z{‘©Vr Pmbobr Amho.

ì`mdhm[aH$ JaOm§À`m XodmUKodmUrg Amdí`H$AgUmao g§dmX, ^md{ZH$ OdirH$ gmYUmao g§dmX,ghmZw yVrXe©H$ g§dmX, Am{dîH$ma dU©ZmW© hmoUmao g§dmX,AZw d {ZdoXZmW© hmoUmao g§dmX ho Va Zoh‘r hmoVMAgVmV. ‘mÌ, g§dmXmg àd¥Îm H$aUmao gyMH$ ~mob,ghO g§dmX gmYVm oÊ`mÀ`m H$m¡eë`mMm mJ AgVmV.{H$‘mZ ‘mZdr A{^ì`º$s¨Ûmam g‘moaÀ`mg Amnë`m‘ZmVrb {dMma AdJV H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMo V§Ì A{Ve`à^mdembr AgVo. g§d oXZmW© Amnë`m gd©MkmZ|{Ð`m§Mm `WoÀN> dmna Ho$ë`mg g§dmX A{YH$Mà^mdr ~ZdVm oVmo. ømMoM EH$ CXmhaU, A§X‘mZrg‘wÐVimVrb dmQ>Mmbr Xaå`mZ ‘bm AZw dVm Ambo.

gmYmaU OhmOmÀ`mM AmH$mamÀ`m JmobmH$mag‘wÐmbm, VaË`m JmobH$m§À`m AmYmao Vimn ªV bm|~UmaoOmio bmdyZ ~§{XñV Ho$bobo AgVo. OhmOmdê$Z EH$bmoI§S>r {eS>r Vimn ªV CVadbobr AgVo. {VÀ`mdê$Zg‘wÐmH$S>o nmR> H$ê$Z, ZogË`m H$nS>çm§{Zer AmnU XmoZMma nm`è`m CVê$Z VimH$S>o {ZKmbmo, åhUOo Jù`mn ªVnmÊ`mV {eaë`mda, 32 {H$bmo dOZmMo hdoera, åhUOonmR>r‘mJÀ`m ~mOyZo Xm{~V hdoMr Zir OmoS>bobr AgVoAgo {eaómU Amnë`m S>moŠ`mda MT>dbo OmVo.OhmOmda EH$ ‘moÇ>m hdmXm~H$ (H$m±àoga) AgyZ Ë`mVyZXm{~V hdm AmUUmè`m gw‘mao EH$ g|{Q>‘rQ>a ì`mgmÀ`m

‘mUgmMr e¡br hrM Ë¶mÀ¶m ‘ZmMr dmUr. - B‘agZ


bm§~bMH$ (nÞmg, e§ a ‘rQ>a bm§~rÀ`m Agmì`mV)Zù`m {eaómUmg OmoS>boë`m AgVmV. AJXr Mî‘mKmbyZhr ho {eaómU MT>dbo OmVo. H$maU {eaómUmÀ`mAmVrb ^mJ H$moaS>mM amhV AgVmo, {edm` Mî‘mKmVë`mZo AmnU Zoh‘rgmaIoM ñdÀN> nmhÿhr eH$VAgVmo. {eaómUmMo AmH$ma‘mZ Ago AgVo H$s, Ë`mMonmÊ`mVrb dOZ Ho$di 7 {H$bmoM ^aVo. ‘mÌ øm 7{H$bmoÀ`m A{V[aº$ dOZm‘wiohr AmnU gmJaVimH$S>obmoQ>bo OmD$ bmJVmo. Aemdoir, gmo~V H$aV AgbobmnmU~wS>m Amnë`mbm {eS>r gmoS>m`Mr IyU H$aVmo Am{UVr gmoS>VmM AmnU Ë`mMm hmV Yê$Z PnmQ>çmZogmJaVimer nmohmoMVmo. BWo gmJaVi gmYmaUnUo 5‘rQ>a åhUOo gw‘mao 15 ’y$Q> Imob AgVmo. AWm©VhdoMr Zir H$m`‘M hdmXm~H$mbm OmoS>bobr amhÿZAmnë`mbm Xm{~V hdoMm nwadR>m H$aV amhVo.{eaómUmÀ`m AmVrb hdoÀ`m Xm~mZo ~mhoaMo nmUr{eaómUm‘Ü` o {eê$ eH$V Zmhr. AmnU~mhoaÀ`mgmaImM gwImZo ídmgmoÀN>²dmg H$aV amhVmo.

‘mÂ`m nmR>r‘mJo C^m Amho Vmo Amho Am‘Mm‘mJ©Xe©H$ nmU~wS>çm. g‘wÐg§Mma H$aUmè`m AmR>-Xhmg§MmaH$Ë`mª‘mJo VrZ nmU~wS>o gmo~V AgVmV. Am‘MmJQ> AmR> OUm§Mm hmoVm. Am‘À`mM gmo~V n`©Q>Z

H$aUmao nmM OU Am{U Zdam, ~m`H$mo d Ë`m§Mm gw‘maoXhm dfmªMm EH$ ‘wbJm Ago BVa {VKo ~§Jmbr ^mfH$øm§Mm hm JQ> hmoVm. Vimer nmohmoMë`mda g§Mma H$Ë`mªMrhmVmV hmV XoD$Z EH$ ‘mi V`ma Ho$br OmVo. Ë`m‘mioÀ`m EH$m Q>moH$mg EH$, Va Xwgè`m Q>moH$mg XwgamnmU~wS>m hmVr Yê$Z ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aV AgVmo. H$m`H$am`Mo Amho Vo IwUoZr g‘OmdyZ gm§JÊ`mMo Ë`m§MoH$g~ ‘bm ’$maM Anyd© ^mgbo. AmdS>bo. {VgamnmU~wS>m ObJƒ àH$me{MÌH$mZo (dm°Q>aQ>mB©Q> H°$‘oè`mZo)g§MmaH$Ë`mªMo ’$moQ>mo H$mT>V AgVmo. AmnU ~mhoa oD$ZH$nS>o ~Xbon ªV Aem àË oH$s 12 ’$moQ>m|Mr EH$ gr.S>r.hrV`ma H$ê$Z Amnë`m hmVr XoV AgVmV.

AmV {eaÊ`mnydu Amåhmbm AmR> OUm§Zm EH$ÌH$ê$Z OhmOmdarb EH$m Á`oð> IbmemZo EH$ nmM{‘{ZQ>m§Mo ì`m»`mZ {Xbo. AmnU "gw§Xa Amho' AgoXmI{dÊ`mgmR>r H$aVmo Vr hñV‘wÐm; ‘bm O‘Vo Amho.‘r ñdñW Amho. AmVm g‘wÐg§Mma H$ê$ `m' Agogmo~VÀ`m nmU~wS>çm§Zm gm§JÊ`mH$aVm dmnamdr Agogm§JÊ`mV Ambo. VgoM COì`m hmVmMm A§JR>m daÀ`m{XeoZo XmIdë`mg; ""‘bm Vm~S>Vmo~ ~mhoa H$mT>m.AñdñW dmQ>Vo Amho Agm AW© gmo~VÀ`m nmU~wS>çm§ZmH$iob Am{U Vo Vwåhmbm VËH$mi ~mhoa H$mT>Vrb'',

Or enW OmñV ~Õ H$ê$ nmhVo, Vr VwQ>ë¶m{edm¶ amhV Zmhr. - Q>o{ZgZ


Agohr gm§JÊ`mV Ambo. ‘mÌ øm ì`{V[aº$ BVaHw$R>ë`mhr hmd^mdm§Zm Am{U IwUm§Zm g‘wÐg§Mmamg§X^m©VH$mhrhr AW© Zmhr, Ago ~OmdyZ gm§JÊ`mV Ambo.

AmVm Am‘À`mgmo~VÀ`m EH$m ‘{hbog, ^âbmoQ>hmoV AmhoV* øm H$maUmñVd ~mhoa H$mT>Ê`mV Ambo.Ë`m§Mo åhUUo Ago hmoVo H$s, '‘bm Mm§Jbo O‘Vo Amho'øm AWm©Zo Ë`m§Zr COì`m hmVmMm A§JR>m da H$ê$ZXmIdbm. ‘mÌ AmYrM gm§{JVë`mà‘mUo hr IyUMwH$sMr R>aë`mZo Ë`m§Zm ~mhoa H$mT>bo Jobo. BWo ho Z‘yXH$amdo bmJob H$s, gmJaVimer Aem {eaómUmghdmdaV AgVm§Zm, Amnbo nmÊ`mVbo dOZ H$‘r âVAgë`mZo, MmbÊ`mH$aVm hbHo$M nmD$b CMbboVar, CS>r ‘maë`mgmaIo eara da CgiV AgVo. Aemn[apñWVrV O{‘Zrda nmdbo amodyZ R>odUo Am{U VmR>,gai C o amhUo AË §V Oê$a R>aVo. H$maU øm CgirMmAmnë`mbm A§XmO `m`bm Oamgm doiM bmJVmo.{edm` AmnU Imbr dmH$bmo Va {eaómUmV nmUr{eê$Z Amnë`mbm ~wS>Ê`mMm YmoH$m g§^dVmo. EH$mnmU~wS>çmg VrZ-Mma g§MmaH$Ë`mªda bj R>odm`MoAgë`mZo Am{U Ë`mModa Ë`m§À`m gwa{jVVoMr O~m~XmarAgë`mZo, Aem àH$mao ApñWa hmoUmè`m ì`º$sg ~mhoaH$mT>Uo Ë`m§Zm H«$‘àmáM R>aV AgUma.

Aem n[apñWVrV g§MmaH$Vm© Km~aVmo Amho H$m?Ë`mbm H$mhr Ìmg Va hmoV Zmhr Zm? ho nmhÊ`mMonmU~wS>çm§Mo H$V©ì`M hmoVo. g§MmaH$Ë`mªÀ`m hmVmnm`m§À`mhmbMmbr Am{U Xoh~mobrdê$Z Ë`m§Zm gVV ~aoM

H$mhr g‘OV hmoVoM. ‘mÌ àË`j g§MmaH$Ë`mªer g§dmXgmYUo {eaómUmÀ`m H$mMoVyZ Ë`m§À`m S>moù`m§Vnm{hë`m{edm` eŠ` hmoV Zgo. nmU~wS>o AemdoirË`m H$mMog‘moa òD$Z hmVdmao H$ê$Z, IwUm H$ê$Zg§MmaH$Ë`m©Mr à{V{H«$`m AmO‘mdV AgV. Amnë`mMhmVm§Zm EH$‘oH$m§V Jw§VdyZ XmIdyZ, g§MmaH$Ë`mªZrnañnam§Mo hmV KÅ> Yê$Z R>odmdoV Ago Vo Amåhmbmgm§JV AgV. Amåhmbm Vo H$iVhr hmoVo Am{UAmåhmbm Ë`m§Mo åhUUo g‘Oë`mMo, Ë`m§Zm Am‘À`mS>moù`m§VyZ ì`º$ hmoUmè`m mdm§ZrM g‘OyZ ¿`mdo bmJVAgo. EH$m nmU~wS>çmZo ñdV…À`m hmVmV ~«oS>Mo VwH$S>oKoD$Z Vo ‘r Ë`mÀ`m hmVmVyZ KoD$Z ‘mem§Zm ÚmdoV Ago‘bm S>moù`m§ZrM gwMdbo. ‘r Vo Ë`mÀ`m hmVmVyZKoVbo, g‘moaÀ`m àdmim§da {dhaUmè`m ‘moR>çm ‘membmVo XoD$ Ho$bo. Ë`mZo ‘mÂ`m hmVmVyZ Vo Odinmg{hgH$mdyZM KoVbo. ‘J nmU~wS>çmZo {eaómUmÀ`mH$mMoVyZM Amåhmbm g‘wÐVimVrb EH$m nm`dmQ>odê$ZMmbÊ`mMm {ZX}e {Xbm. Amåhrhr Jw‘mZ Vgo MmbybmJbmo. Ë`m doioMo Vo gwIg§dmX ‘bm AË §V g§ñ‘aUr`dmQ>VmV. H$‘rV H$‘r eãXm§V, N>o, Ho$di hmd^mdm§VyZB©pßgV g§Xoe gmo~VÀ`m ì`º$s¨Zm gm§JUo H$go eŠÀmho ømMm Vmo dñVwnmR>M hmoVm.

Ë`m‘wio Amnbo hmd^md, Amnbr Xoh~mobr,Amnbo eãXhr Iyn ~mobHo$ AgmdoV. AZoH$Xm AmnUAmnbr A{^ì`º$s amoIyZ YaV AgVmo. Ë`m‘wio ghOg§dmX hmoÊ`mV AS>Wio CØdVmV. H$dr "Zm‘m{Zamim'åhUVmV…

gX²JwUr ‘mUgmbm ’$mago {‘Ì ZgVmV. - eo³gnrAa


H$m` ZwgVo dmMVm? à{VgmX Úm,hmVMo amIyZ Úm, nU XmX Úm &Am§Yù`m§Mr {Xì`Ñï>r ìhm Vwåhr,AZ² ‘wŠ`m§Zm Zo‘Ho$ g§dmX Úm &&- Zm‘m{Zamim, ‘ZmoJV S>m°Q> H$m°‘ 20050614

à{VgmX H$m` Ho$di dmMoZoM XoVm oVmo? Vmo VaZOaoZo, ñnem©Zo, hmd^mdm§Zr, H$emZohr {Xbm OmD$eH$Vmo. ~mobHo$ ìhm`Mo R>adbo Va, Am§Yù`m§Zm {Xì`Ñï>rXoUo Am{U ‘wŠ`m§Zm ~mobHo$ g§dmX XoUo ‘wirM H$R>rUZmhr.

‘mÌ Hw$gw‘mJ«Om§À`m EH$m H${dVoVë`mà‘mUo OaVwåhmbm, 'H$mhr ~mobm`mMo Amho, nU ~mobUma Zmhr',Aem àH$mao dmJm`Mo Agob, Va ‘J g‘moaÀ`m§erg§dmX H$gm ~ao gmYbm OmD$ eHo$b? `mCbQ>…

"Jmo‘y g§JVrZ§, ‘mÂ`m Vy oerb H$m? ‘mÂ`m {naVrMramUr Vy hmoerb H$m?'

"amOm g§JVrZ§ VwÂ`m ‘r oUma hm`, VwÂ`m {naVrMramUr ‘r hmoUma hm`!'

øm g§dmXmV Amnë`mbm AW©nyU© g§dmXmMo EH$AmoiIrMo CXmhaU {XgyZ oB©b.

Voìhm ho OmUyZ Agm H$s, g§dmX ghOVm ‘mZdrAm wî`mbm gm’$ë`mÀ`m Vramda ZoÊ`mMo à^mdr gmYZAmho. {VMm ^anya Cn`moJ H$am. ~mobm. ~mobHo$ ìhm!~mobVo ìhm!!

- Za|Ð Jmoio104 XÎmmÌ` àgÞ, OmoerdmS>r,{Q>iH$nW N>oXJëbr, {Q>iH$ZJa, S>m|{~dbr (ny.) - 421201^«_UÜdZr … 9930501335

Email : [email protected]

···

{d^mJm§Mm g‘mdoe Amho. doi H$‘r Agë`mZo `m gd©{d^mJm§Zm ‘r YmdVr oQ> {Xbr. àË oH$ {d^mJ ‘m{hVrZonarnyU© AgyZ Mm§Jbm gO{dbobm Amho. ‘moR>çm g§» oZo{MZr bmoH$ Vr ‘m{hVr KoV hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m~amo~a H$mhr{dXoer n ©Q>H$ XoIrb `m H|$ÐmV hmoVo.

{dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZ H|$ÐmÀ`m oQ>rV ‘bm gdm©VAmdS>bobr Jmoï> åhUOo XoemV H$m`©aV Agboë`memókm§Mr ‘m{hVr. em§Km` Am{U BVa ehamVrbg§emoYZ g§ñWm§‘YyZ Oo emók H$m‘ H$arV AmhoVË`m§Mo ‘moR>çm AmH$mamMo ’$moQ>mo `m H|$ÐmV bmdboboAmhoV. Ë`mM~amo~a Ë`m§Mr Zmdo Am{U Ë`m§À`mg§emoYZmMm {df` `mMr ‘m{hVr XoIrb {VWo {XbobrAmho. Ë`mVyZ gh{OH$M g§emoYZmH$S>o diÊ`mMr àoaUmnwT>À`m {nT>rbm {‘iVo. m ‘hÎdmÀ`m {R>H$mUr Amnbm’$moQ>mo AgbmM nm{hOo Ago ‘bm dmQ>bo åhUyZ VoWoAgboë`m EH$m {MZr ‘mUgmÀ`m hmVmV ‘mPm H°$‘oamXoD$Z ‘r ’$moQ>mo H$mTy>Z KoVbm. ‘mÂ`m g§J«hr Agbobmhm Xw{‘©i ’$moQ>mo Imbr XoV Amho.

{MZr emókmgmo~V H$mT>bobm ’$moQ>mo

- S>m°. gwYmH$a AmJaH$agr-14, {dgmdm, d¡ dZJar,

H$ë`mU-eri amoS>, H$mQ>B©, Vm. H$ë`mU,{O. R>mUo - 421204

(n¥ð H«$. 5 dê$Z - em§Km Mo {dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZ H|$Ð)

Á¶m Xoembm XÿaÑîQ>rMr XoUJr bm^bobr ZgVo Vmo Xoe Zme nmdë¶m{edm¶ amhUma Zmhr. - A~«mh‘ qbH$Z


Z_©Xm n[aH«$_m^mJ … 5

Z_©Xm n[aH«$_oVrb hm nwT>Mm Q>ßnm. boIH$mMo Mm¡\o$a {ZarjU, oQ>bobr _mUgo `m Zm|XrdmMÊ`mgma»`m AmhoV - g§nmXH$

{Xdg 7 dm … Jwédma 28/11/2013

N>mÌmdmgmMr 50 ‘wbo BWo AgmdrV. ^moOZ d{Zdmg {Z…ewëH$ Agmdo. gd© ‘wbo ~hþYm EH$mM emioVna§Vw doJdoJiçm B¶Îmm§‘Ü¶o d¶mZwgma {eH$VmV.emiogmR>r ~mhoa Omdo bmJVo. Vr Aml‘mMr Zmhr.

g‘moaM ^ì¶, A{V ^ì¶ Ago H$ë¶mUr H$Ý¶H$m{dÚmb¶ Amho. g§ñWoMr B‘maV EImÚm amOdmS>çmà‘mUoemo{^d§V Jwbm~r a§JmMr Amho.

Kw‘Q>mda XodVm, G${f‘wZr ¶m§À¶m ‘yVu {Xgë¶m.gd©Y‘©g‘^md åhUOo qhXÿ àVrHo$ ~mX H$aUo AgmAmMaQ>nUm H|$Ðr¶ {dÚmb¶ AgyZ {XgV Zmhr.

A‘aH§$Q>H$ - KZXmQ> AaÊ¶mZo doT>bobo A‘aH§$Q>H$ hoñWmZ Z‘©Xm-npíM‘ dm{hZr d emoU-nyd© dm{hZr ¶mXmoZ ZXtMo CJ‘ñWmZ Amho. Z‘©Xm ‘§{Xa åhUyZ OmoCJ‘ ‘mZbm OmVmo Ë¶mhÿZ doJim OdiM Agboë¶mn§M‘§{Xa g‘yhmOdi Agbobm Mm¡H$moZr Hw$ÊS>dOm.‘moR>m Obme¶ e§H$amMm¶mªZr CX²J‘ åhUyZ ‘mZbm dnmVmboídamMr {VWo ñWmnZm Ho$br Ago ‘bm VoWrbgwajm ajH$mZo gm§{JVbo.

A‘aH§$Q>H$ …Ajm§e 220 4'33'', aoIm§e … 810 54 (nyd©)gmJanmVirnmgyZ C§Mr 1060.7 ‘rQ>g, dfm©G$Vw 15OyZ Vo gßQ>|~a, erV G$Vw Am°³Q>mo~a Vo ’o$~w«dmar Vmn‘mZH$‘mb 320c {H$‘mZ 960c J«rî‘ G$Vw ’o$~«wdmar Vo 15OyZ Vmn‘mZ H$‘mb 320c {H$‘mZ 960c, J«rî‘ G$VwAm°³Q>mo~a Vo ’o$~w«dmar Vmn‘mZ H$‘mb 230c {H$‘mZ 00

^mfm … {hÝXr ~KobIÊS>r, CÎm‘ G$Vw … J«rî‘J«m‘rU ‘oim … ‘hm{edamÌ nd©, d¡emIr nm¡{U©‘m,Z‘©Xm O¶§Vr.

gH$mir ñZmZmgmR>r KmQ>mda Jobmo hmoVmo.

H$mb Am{U AmO {‘iyZ Amdí¶H$ Vo gd© H$nS>ogm~UmZo YwVbo. nyOm H$ê$Z ~mhoa nS>bmo. Xoenm§S>o oQ>boZmhrV. g§a{jV ‘§{Xa g‘yh nm{hbm, anya ’$moQ>mo H$mT>bo.Z§Va gmo‘^Ð ZXrMm CJ‘ nm{hbm. CJ‘ nmhÿZ Pè¶mÀ¶ménmV hm WmoS>m dmhmV OmD$Z nyd}bm Imob XarV H$mogiVmo.

¶m {dídm‘Ü¶o gX²JwUr bmoH$ Zoh‘rM hmVmÀ¶m ~moQ>m§da ‘moOÊ¶mBVHo$ AmT>iVmV. - am°~ognrAa


Ë¶m‘mZmZo EH$ {H$bmo‘rQ>a A§Vamda CJ‘ nmdUmarZ‘©Xm é§X àdmhmZo BWo Var g§W dmhVmZm {XgVo.

Xoenm§S>çm§Zm XmoZ {Xdgm§da ‘¥Ë¶y§O¶ Aml‘mVamhVm ¶oUma ZìhVo. na§Vw Aml‘mZo ñdV…M Ë¶m§Zm VernadmZJr {Xbr. hoM gm§JÊ¶mgmR>r Vo H$ë¶mU Aml‘mV¶oD$Z Jobo hmoVo, Á¶mdoir ‘r gmo‘^Ð Xe©ZmgmR>r ~mhoahmoVmo. AWm©V OmVmZm ‘rhr Ë¶m§À¶m Aml‘mV S>moH$mdbohmoVo. nU Vo oQ>bo ZìhVo.

^moOZmgmR>r Oam bJ~J Pmbr. H$maU ‘r naV¶oB©Vmo 12 dmOyZ Jobo hmoVo Am{U 11 hr gH$mirOodUmMr Aml‘ doi Amho. gH$mir 11 d g§Ü¶mH$mir7 Mr AmaVr, ÔZ AmQ>monë¶mda. åhUOo 8 Z§Va.

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gX²JwUmbm H$Yrhr dmY©³¶ ¶oV Zmhr. - Or. h~©Q>©


’$moZ Mmby am{hbm AgVm Var nadS>bo AgVo hoH$iyZ H$m¶ Cn¶moJ? ~°Q>ar ~mhoa H$mT>m¶À¶m AmYr hoH$am¶bm hdo hmoVo.

~arM IQ>nQ> Ho$br, eodQ>r ñdV…bm Xmof XoV‘mo~mB©b R>odyZ {Xbm.

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gH$mir bdH$a Aml‘ gmoS>bm (6.15) Xoenm§S>o¶m§Zm JmRy>Z, ’$moZda g{MZbm ‘mo~mB©b ZmXþéñVrMmg§Xoe {Xbm.

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gai ~{JÀ¶mV Om¶Mo Va Zm{eH$À¶m Hw$Urn[aH«$‘mdmgr¶m§Zr ‘mKmar ~mobmdyZ O§Jb añË¶mZo ¶oÊ¶mg^mJ nmS>bo. (ZmhrVa ‘¡æ¶mMm Jwá àdmh Amobm§S>bmOmVmo ho ‘bm R>mD$H$ hmoVo.)

~mJobm digm KmbyZ gai X{jU VQ> Yabm.XmQ> O§JbmVyZ ¶oVmZm gmoZ‘wS>m bmJbo. Z§Va {H$ZmambmJë¶mZ§Va H$m°{H«$Q> añVm g§nyZ S>mdrH$S>o O§JbmVH$ƒm añVm {eaVmo Am{U nwT>o hm añVm A‘aH§$Q>H$-qXS>moar gS>Ho$bm bmJVmo.

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AmVm gS>H$‘mJ© Amho. ¶m {heo~mZo ~yQ> n°H$H$ê$Z g°H$bm ~m§Ybo d dmnaÊ¶mgmR>r Mnbm H$mT>ë¶m.

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KmQ> Odinmg CVabmo. gmYmaU 13 {H$.‘r.A§Va EHy$U Pmbo Agmdo. KmQ>mVrb diUmdarb g§ajH$H$R>S>çmda ~gbmo AgVmZm EH$ ~g Ambr. Ë¶mZoqXS>moarbm Ambmo. ~gbmo Voìhm ~g [aH$m‘r hmoVr na§VwKmQ> g§nyZ Jmdo gwê$ Pmbr Am{U ~g VwSw>§~ ^abr.~m|XaJmd qH$dm AgoM H$mhr ZmdmMo Jmd {VWo ‘oimAgë¶mZo hr {deof JXu hmoVr.

~g hdr {VWo hdr Ver Wm§~V AJXr àdmem§Zm(CVmé§Zm) AZwHy$b Aer YmdVo. àË¶oH$mbm {VH$sQ>XoÊ¶mMr nÕV {Xgbr Zmhr. 10/20 é. Q>oH$dyZ àdmgH$aVmZm {Xgbobo, Zoh‘rMo AgmdoV. hr daH$‘mB©‘mbH$, S>m¶ìha d H§$S>³Q>a Aer {VKmV dmQ>br OmVoAgo H$ibo. ‘mbH$ Jßn ~gyZ 1/3 {hñgm KoVmo.H$maU Vmo 24 Vmg bj R>ody eH$V Zmhr Am{U AmjonKoVbm Va hm ^«îQ>mMma ~§X hmoUma ZmhrM Am{U{‘iUmao 1/3 gwÕm {‘iUma ZmhrV!

(n¥îR> H«$. 27 da)

gX²JwUmda hëbm Ho$bm Var Ë¶mbm BOm hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. - {‘ëQ>Z


A‘o[aHo$Mo dgmhVrH$aU, ñdmV§Í¶ ¶wÕ d Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z

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{S>g|~a 2011), A’$Jm{UñVmZmVrb Vm{b~mZgÎmo{déÕMo ¶wÕ (7 Am°³Q>mo~a 2001 Vo 28 {S>g|~a2014) hr ‘hÎdmMr ¶wÕo bT>br d øm ¶wÕmV H$amoS>moS>m°bg© IM© H$ê$Z d Amnbr nyU© bîH$ar VmH$XnUmbm bmdyZ {dO¶ g§nmXZ Ho$bobo AmT>iVmV.

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gX²JwUmbm gX²JwU hoM ~jrg AgVo. - {ggoamo


gm‘Ï¶©embr Xoe EHo$H$mir J«oQ> {~«Q>Z (B§½b§S>) ømXoemMr dgmhV hmoVm.

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A‘o[aH$m I§S>mMm {dMma Ho$bm AgVm AgoåhUVmV H$s, hOmamo dfmªnydu B©emÝ¶ Am{e¶mVyZ ~oatJñQ´> oQ> (Bering Strait) Amobm§Sy>Z dm nma H$ê$ZAbmñH$m‘mJ} CÎma A‘o[aHo$V H$mhr bmoH$ Jobo d

AmË‘g‘W©ZmZo gX²JwUmMr qH$‘V ZîQ> hmoVo. - dmoëQ>oa


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{¼ñVmo’$a H$mob§~g ømZo Iè¶m AWm©Zo ZdrZOJ (A‘o[aH$m I§S>) emoYyZ H$mT>bo Ago gd©gmYmaUnUo‘mZbo OmVo. H$mob§~g hm ‘yiMm BQ>brMm. ømbmMrZ, OnmZ, B§S>moZo{e¶mMr ~oQ>o BH$S>o OmUmam Ob‘mJ©emoYyZ H$mT>Ê¶mMr BÀN>m d ‘hÎdmH$m§jm hmoVr. AWm©V,øm ¶wamonr¶Z X¶m©dXçmªMo àoaUmñWmZ ‘mH$m} nmobmo(Marco Polo) hm BQ>{bVrb 13 ì¶m eVH$mVrbàdmgr hmoVm. ‘mH$m} nmobmoZo OJmVrb {d{dY àXoem§Mrd Xoem§Mr «‘§Vr Ho$br hmoVr. Vmo H$mhr H$mi MrZ‘YrbHw$~bmB © ImZ (Kublai Khan) øm amOmÀ¶mXa~mamVgwÕm am{hbobm hmoVm. H$mob§~gbm ‘mH$m} nmobmoZo{b{hbobo àdmgdU©Z d Ë¶mÀ¶m AmR>dUr dmMyZOJmVrb øm nyd}H$S>rb ^mJm§Zm ¶wamoner OmoS>UmamOb‘mJ© emoYyZ H$mT>Ê¶mMr àoaUm {‘imbr Ago åhQ>boOmVo. H$mob§~gbm Ë¶mMr YmS>gr gmJar ‘mohr‘ nmanmS>Ê¶mgmR>r ñnoZÀ¶m Bgm~obm (Isabella) øm amUrZo‘moR>r ‘XV Ho$br hmoVr. H$mob§~gZo Amnë¶mgmo~V VrZ

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bmoH$m§Zr ñWbm§Va Ho$bo. Ë¶m‘wioM H°$ZS>m d A‘o[aHo$Mrg§¶w³V g§ñWmZo (A‘o[aH$m) øm Xoem§V B§J«Or ^mfm dg§ñH¥$VrMo dM©ñd AmOhr OmUdVo. ‘Ü¶ d X{jUA‘o[aHo$Vrb ‘op³gH$mo (A‘o[aHo$Mo X{jUoH$S>rb eoOmaramîQ>), Eb g°bìhmS>moa, hm|Sw>amg, {ZH$maJwAm, nZm‘m,H$mob§{~¶m, noê$, ~mo{b{d¶m, Cam½do, nam½do, doZoPwEbm,AO]{Q>Zm, {Mbr BË¶mXr Xoem§‘Ü¶o ñn°{Ze ^mfm dg§ñH¥$VrMo àm~ë¶ OmUdVo. X{jU A‘o[aHo$Vrb ~«mPrbhm gdm©V ‘moR>m Xoe ‘mÌ nmoVw©JrOm§À¶m Vmã¶mV hmoVm.Ë¶m‘wio øm Xoemda nmoVw©JrO ^mfm d g§ñH¥$VrMm nJS>mOmUdVmo.

B§½b§S>À¶m n{hë¶m E{bPm~oW-1533-1603(Elizabeth -1533-1603) amUrZogwÕm gmJar ‘mo{h‘m§Zmd dgmhVrH$aUmbm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV nmqR>~m {XbobmAmT>iVmo. 16 ì¶m eVH$mÀ¶m eodQ>r eodQ>r B§½b§S>‘Ü¶oX ‘ñH$moìhr H§$nZr (The Muscovy Company), Xboìh§Q> H§$nZr (The Levant Company), X B©ñQ> B§{S>¶mH§$nZr (The East India company) Aem AZoH$ì¶mnmar H§$nÝ¶m§Mr ñWmnZm ìhm¶bm gwédmV Pmbr døm H§$nÝ¶m§ZrgwÕm gmJar ‘mo{h‘m, ^m¡Jmo{bH$ emoY ddgmhVrH$aUmgmR>r n¡gm nwadë¶mMo Amnë¶m {ZXe©Zmg¶oVo. AWm©V, øm H§$nÝ¶m§Zm nyd}H$S>rb d BVa ZdZdrZàXoem§V OmD$Z Amnë¶m H§$nZrÀ¶m ì¶mnmambm MmbZmÚmd¶mMr hmoVr. B§½b§S>À¶m n{hë¶m E{bPm~oW amUrZoH°$ßQ>Z ’«$mpÝgg S´>oH$ (Captain Francis Drake) ømB§J«O X¶m©dXçm©bm Ë¶mÀ¶m gmJar gmhgm‘Ü¶o nyU© ‘XVHo$br hmoVr. EdT>oM Zìho Va, {VZo Ë¶mbm ñn°{ZeX¶m©dXçmªZm YS>m {eH${dÊ¶mMo XoIrb gm§{JVbo hmoVo.øm nR²>R>çmZo Amnë¶m amUrMm AmXoe åhUOo nS>Ë¶m’$imMr Amkm ‘mZyZ ñn°{Ze Jb~Vm§Zm d OhmOm§ZmÌmg XoÊ¶mg gwédmV Ho$br. ømZo X{jU A‘o[aHo$À¶mnpíM‘ {H$Zmè¶mbJV gwÕm Anbr XheV {Z‘m©UHo$br d ¶oWo ñn°{Ze bmoH$m§Mo "H°$H$mâ¶wJmo' (Cacafuego)

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ZdrZ OJmV (A‘o[aH$m) B§J«O bmoH$m§Zr dgmhVrH$ê$Z amhÊ¶mgmR>r {VH$S>o OmÊ¶mMm n{hbm à¶ËZ gahåào {Jb~Q>© (Sir Humphrey Gilbert) ømZo Ho$bmAgo ‘mZbo OmVo. ømMo {ejU B§½b§S>‘Yrb OJà{gÕAem Am°³g’$moS>© {dÚmnrR>mVyZ Pmbo hmoVo. ømZo 1578-79 ‘Ü¶o A‘o[aHo$V OmÊ¶mMm n{hbm à¶ËZ Ho$bm.1583 ‘Ü¶o {Jb~Q>© nwÝhm EH$Xm Amnë¶m gmo~VnmM OhmO d gw‘mao 200 bmoH$ KoD$Z A‘o[aHo$H$S>oJobm. ho 200 bmoH$ A‘o[aHo$V H$m¶‘ñdê$nr dñVrH$aUma hmoVo. ømdoir {Jb~Q>© gÜ¶mÀ¶m H°$ZS>mÀ¶mA{Vnyd©oH$S>rb Ý¶y ’$mD§$S>b±S> (New foundland) ømàXoemV ¶oD$Z nmohmoMbm. Ë¶mZo AOyZ X{jUoH$S>o OmD$ZdgmhV ñWmnÊ¶mMm ‘ZmoX¶ Ho$bm hmoVm. ‘mÌ Ë¶mMrhr BÀN>m nyU© hmoD$ eH$br Zmhr. Vmo B§½b§S>bm naV¶oV AgVmZm AQ>bm§{Q>H$ g‘wÐmVrb A°Pmoag (Azores)øm Ûrn g‘whmZOrH$ g‘wÐr dmXimV Ë¶mMo OhmO~wS>mbo. {Jb~Q>©Z§Va Ë¶mMm ^mD$ ga dm°ëQ>a a°bo (Sir

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Girls) Ago åhQ>bo OmVo.

ga dm°ëQ>a a°boà‘mUoM [aMS>© h°H$ë¶yQ> (Richard

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1605 ‘Ü¶o H$mhr B§J«O ì¶mnmè¶m§Zr Ho$boë¶m{dZ§VrZwgma "X b§S>Z H§$nZr' (The London

company) "X ßbm¶‘mD$W-{~«ñQ>b H§$nZr' (The

Plymouth and Bristol Company) øm XmoZ ì¶mnmarH§$nÝ¶m §Zm AZwH «$‘ o X{jU ìh{O©{Z¶m d CÎmaìh{O©{Z¶m‘Ü¶o OmD$Z dgmhVrH$aUmÀ¶m g§Yr MmMnSy>ZnmhÊ¶mMr AZw‘Vr B§½b§S>Mm VËH$mbrZ amOm n{hbmOoåg (James I ) ¶mZo {Xbr. Aem VèhoZo 17 ì¶meVH$mÀ¶m gwédmVrbmM {~{Q>e bmoH$m§Zm CÎma A‘o[aHo$V(ìh{O©{Z¶mV) OmD$Z H$m¶‘ñdê$nr dgmhV H$ê$ZamhÊ¶mMr H$dmS>o Iè¶m AWm©Zo ‘moH$ir Pmbr Ago

åhUUo dmdJo Rê$ Z¶o. 1607 À¶m ‘o ‘{hÝ¶mVB§½b§S>‘Yrb bmoH$m§Mm EH$ JQ> CÎma A‘o[aHo$À¶m VQ>mdaMogm{nH$ ~o (Chesapeake Bay) À¶m Amgnmg ¶oD$ZnmohmoMbm d Ë¶m§Zr B§J«O bmoH$m§À¶m ZdrZ OJmVrb(A‘o[aH$m) Ooåg Q>mD$Z (Jamestown) øm n{hë¶mdgmhVrMr ñWmnZm Ho$br. ømZ§Va 17 ì¶m eVH$mVB§½b§S>‘Yrb bmoH$m§Mm A‘o[aHo$V OmÊ¶mMm AmoK gwéMhmoVm d B§½b§S>À¶m {d{dY ^mJm§Vrb bmoH$ A‘o[aHo$bm¶oD$ bmJbo. ¶mVrb AZoH$ bmoH$m§Zm øm ZdrZ OJmVAmnbo Zer~ AO‘md¶mMo hmoVo d O‘ë¶mg Iyn‘m¶m H$‘dyZ gwIr, g‘mYmZr d g‘¥Õ OrdZ OJm¶MohmoVo. Va H$mhr bmoH$m§Zm B§½b§S>‘Yrb VËH$mbrZ Ym{‘©H$Ag{hîUwVoMm H§$Q>mim Ambm hmoVm. Ë¶m‘wio ß¶w[aQ>Z(Puritan), ³doH$a (Quakar) Aem {d{dY n§Wm§MobmoH$ A‘o[aHo$H$S>o ¶oD$ bmJbo. AmnU nm{hboV H$s,1607 ‘Ü¶o {~«{Q>e bmoH$m§Zr Ooåg Q>mD$Z‘Ü¶o Amnbrn{hbr dgmhV ñWmnZ Ho$br. Ë¶mZ§Va ‘moR>çm à‘mUmVB§½b§S>‘YyZ ~aoM bmoH$ A‘o[aHo$À¶m nyd© {H$Zmè¶mda¶oD$ bmJbo d ¶m {~«{Q>e bmoH$m§Zr 13 dgmhVr ñWmnZHo$ë¶m. øm dgmhVtMr Zmdo nwT>rb à‘mUo AmhoV -‘°g °À¶ yg oQ >g ² (Massachusetts), H$Z o³Q > rH$Q >(Connecticut), Ý¶y h°ånem¶a (New Hampshire),

èhmoS> Am¶b§S> (Rhode Island), Ý¶y ¶m°H©$ (New York),

Ý¶ y Ogu (New Jersey), n oZ{Pbìh ° {Z¶m(Pennsylvania), ‘oarb±S> (Maryland), S>obdoa(Delware), ìh{O©{Z¶m (Virginia), Zm°W© H°$amo{bZm (North

Carolina), gmD$W H°$amo{bZm (South Carilona) dOm°{O©¶m (Georgia). øm {d{dY dgmhVr§ ‘Yrb amhmUmaobm oH $ {¼ñVr Y‘m ©À¶m ³d oH$a (Quakar) ,

Bìh°ZOo{bH$b (Evangelical), àmoQ>ogQ>§Q> (Protestant),H°$W{bH$ (Catholic) BË¶mXr n§Wm§Mo hmoVo.

noZ{Pbìh°{Z¶m øm dgmhVrMr ñWmnZm {dë¶‘noZ øm§Zr Ho$br hmoVr. Vo ñdV… ³doH$a øm n§WmMo hmoVo.

Omo {dO¶mZ§Vahr ñdV…da g§¶‘ R>ody eH$Vmo, Ë¶mbm XþßnQ> {dO¶ bm^Vmo. - ~r. E’$. ~oH$m°Z


Ë¶m§Zr noZ{Pbìh°{Z¶m dgmhVr‘Ü¶o bmoH$m§Zr Ë¶m§À¶m‘Ouà‘mUo Y‘m}nmgZm H$amdr Ago Omhra Ho$bo hmoVo.‘o[ab±S> ¶m dgmhVrMr ñWmnZm bm°S>© ~°ëQ>r‘moAa ¶m§ZrH°$W{bH$ n§Wr¶ bmoH$m§gmR>r Ho$br hmoVr. ‘mÌ, Ë¶m§ZrVoWo àmoQ>ogQ>§Q> bmoH$m§ZmgwÕm ñWm{¶H$ hmoÊ¶mMr AZw‘Vr{Xbr hmoVr. S>M (Dutch) bmoH$m§Zr Ý¶y A°‘ñQ>aS>‘¶oWo Amnbo ì¶mnmar H|$Ð C^mabo hmoVo. {~«{Q>em§Zr 1664‘Ü¶o S>Mm§Mm nam^d H$ê$Z Ý¶y A°ñQ>aS>‘ qOHy$Z KoVbod Ë¶mMo Zmd ~XbyZ Ý¶y ¶m°H©$ Ago R>odbo. Ý¶y ¶m°H©$ ¶mdgmhVrMm H$mhr ^mJ doJim H$mTy>Z Ý¶y Ogu hrdgmhV ñWmnZ Pmbr. S>obda dgmhVrMr ñWmnZm‘wimV pñdS>re H§$nZrZo Ho$br hmoVr. ‘mÌ hr dgmhVH$mbm§VamZo {~«{Q>em§À¶m {Z¶§ÌUmImbr Jobr. AemVèhoZo A‘o[aHo$À¶m 13 dgmhVr ñWmnZ hmoÊ¶mMmB{Vhmg ’$ma amoMH$ Amho.

18 ì¶m eVH$mn¶ªV ¶m 13 dgmhVt‘Ü¶o B§J«Od§emÀ¶m bmoH$m§Mr g§»¶m gdm©V OmñV hmoVr. Ë¶m‘wioøm 13 dgmhVtMo nmbH$Ëd EH$m AWm©Zo B§½b§S>H$S>ohmoVo. B§½b§S>Mo gaH$ma d amOm øm dgmhVr B§½b§S>À¶mOmJ{VH$ gm‘«mÁ¶mMm ^mJ AmhoV Ago g‘OV.gwadmVrÀ¶m H$mimV åhUOoM 17 do eVH$ VgoM 18ì¶m eVH$mÀ¶m ‘Ü¶mn¶ªV ¶m dgmhVtMr gwÕm~m§{YbH$s d EH${ZîR>Vm B§½b§S>gmo~VM hmoVr. 13dgmhVrVrb bmoH$ B§½b§S>bm ‘mV¥^y‘r (Mother

Country) ‘mZV AgV. øm ~hþVoH$ 13 dgmhVt‘Ü¶oEH$ {d{eîQ> àH$maMr àemgH$s¶ ì¶dñWm hmoVr. ¶mì¶dñWoZwgma dgmhVtMo àíZ nmhmÊ¶mgmR>r EH$amÁ¶nmb Ago. øm amÁ¶mnmbmMr Zo‘UyH$ B§½b§S>MmamOm H$aV Ago d hm amÁ¶nmb AZoH$ doim B§J«Oì¶³VrM Ago. VgoM øm dgmhVt‘Ü¶o dgmhVr‘YrbbmoH$m§Zr {ZdSy>Z {Xboë¶m à{V{ZYtMr Ag|ãbr Ago.hr Ag§oãbr dgmhVtgmR>r ñWm{ZH$ H$m¶Xo H$aV AgV.‘mÌ, dgmhVt~m~V A{V‘hÎdmMo H$m¶Xo ~ZdÊ¶mMm

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Q>mCZe|S> A°³Q> (Townshend Act), BË¶mXr.

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Ë¶m§Mo Hw$Qw>§~ ho {R>H$mU gmoSy>Z "{bQ>b hqQ>J H«$sH$' ¶m{R>H$mUr Jobo. ømM {R>H$mUmMo Z§Va ‘mD§$Q> doaZm°Z(Mount Vernon) Ago Zm‘H$aU Pmbo. hoM ‘mD§$Q>doaZm°Z åhUOo Z§VaÀ¶m H$mimVrb Om°O© dm°qe½Q>Z ¶m§MoOJà{gÕ {ZdmgñWmZ Pmbo. bhmZnUmnmgyZM Om°O©dm°qe½Q>Z ¶m§Zm Amnë¶m BñQ>oQ>rdarb d AmgnmgÀ¶mO§JbmV {’$aÊ¶mMm d eoVrda KmoS>çmdê$Z anoQ> ‘mê$ZH$m‘ H$aÊ¶mMm N>§X hmoVm d Ë¶m§Zr Amnbm hm N>§XeodQ>n¶ªV Omonmgë¶mMo {ZXe©Zmg ¶oVo. 1738 gmbrAm °JñQ > mB ©Z dm ° {e § ½Q >Z ¶m §Zr a ° ßnmh °Þm °H $(Rappahannock) ZXrÀ¶m H$mR>mda ìh{O©{Z¶mVrb’«o$S>[a³g~J© (Fredericksburg) ¶oWo 260 EH$a O‘rZ{dH$V KoVbr. dm°{e§½Q>Zm§À¶m øm BñQ>oQ>rbm ’o$ar ’$m‘©(Ferry Farm) Ago g§~moYbo Jobo. dm°{e§½Q>Z Hw$Qw>§~1738 ‘Ü¶o ¶oWo amhÊ¶mg Ambo. ¶m‘mJMo H$maUåhUOo Am°JñQ>mB©Z dm°{e§½Q>Z ho bmoI§S>mÀ¶m Y§ÚmVgwÕmhmoVo d OoWo Ë¶m§Mo bmoI§S> {Z{‘©VrMo H$m‘ Mmbo VoWyZho {R>H$mU Odi hmoVo. Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§À¶m embo¶{ejUmMr gwédmV ’o$ar ’$m‘© ¶oWo AgVmZmM PmbrAgmdr Ago B{VhmgH$ma åhUVmV. dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§ZrgmYmaUV… gmV Vo AmR> df© {ejU KoVbo Agmdo AgoAZoH$ Aä¶mgH$ ‘mZVmV. bhmZnUmnmgyZ Ë¶m§Mm J{UVhm {df¶ Mm§Jbm hmoVm. Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zr B{VhmgVgoM ^yJmob øm {df¶m§MmXoIrb Aä¶mg Ho$bobmhmoVm. gmYmaUnUo d¶mÀ¶m 14 ì¶m Vo 15 ì¶m dfuOm°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zr Amnë¶m embo¶ {ejUmbm nyU©{dam‘{Xbm. Vmon¶ªV Ë¶m§Zm Amnë¶m ì¶dgm¶mMm boIm-OmoIm R>odUo, ñnîQ> nÌo {b{hUo BË¶mXr H$m‘o MnIbnUoO‘V hmoVr. Ago åhUVmV H$s, Am°JñQ>mB©Z dm°{e§½Q>Z¶m§Mm Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Zbm B§½b§S>‘Yrb EImÚm Mm§Jë¶memioV Kmbmd¶mMm ‘mZg hmoVm. na§Vw Am°JñQ>mB©Z¶m §Mm ‘¥Ë¶y Pmë¶m‘wio hr ¶moOZm ~maJibr.bhmZnUmnmgyZM Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z Amnë¶m ‘içmda

H$m‘ H$aUmè¶m ‘Oyam§Mo d Jwbm‘m§Mo {ZarjU H$aVAgV. Ë¶m‘wio Vo bhmZ AgVmZmM V§~mIy,’$i’$imdi, YmÝ¶, ^mÁ¶m BË¶mXr H$em noamì¶mV dË¶m§Mo CËnmXZ H$go ¿¶mdo øm JmoîQ>r {eH$bo hmoVo.Ë¶m§Zm bhmZnUmnmgyZ KmoS>çmda anoQ> ‘maÊ¶mMr VgoM{eH$ma H$aÊ¶mMr, ‘mgo‘mar H$aÊ¶mMr d ZXrVyZ ~moQ>rZo{’$aÊ¶mMr AmdS> hmoVr. dm°{e§½Q>Z ho gwédmVrnmgyZMñd^mdmZo ’$ma em§V hmoVo. Vo Hw$R>brhr JmoîQ> A{Ve¶bj XoD$Z EoH$V AgV. Ë¶m§Mo dmJUo AmX~era hmoVod Vo Wmoam-‘moR>çm§Zm ‘mZ XoD$Z ~mobV dmJV AgV.Ë¶mMà‘mUo Ë¶m§Zm EImXr JmoîQ> gm§{JVë¶mda Xþgarì¶³Vr Ë¶m~m~V {ZYm©ñVnUo dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§À¶mda {dg§~yZamhÿ eH$V Ago, H$maU dm°{e§½Q>Z EImXo H$m‘ {Xë¶mdae§^a Q>³Ho$ H$aVrbM Agm BVam§Zm Ë¶m§À¶m{df¶r{dídmg hmoVm, dm Vgm {dídmg Ago.

Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§À¶mda Ë¶m§Mo gmdÌ ~§Yy bm°aoÝgdm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Mm Iyn à^md hmoVm. bm°aoÝg ¶m§Mo {ejUB§½b§S>‘Ü¶o Pmbobo hmoVo. Ë¶m‘wio Ë¶m§À¶m dmJÊ¶m-~mobÊ¶mV B§J«Om§Mm gwg§ñH¥$VnUm {XgV Ago. 1740Vo 1742 øm H$mbmdYrV bm°aoÝg J«oQ>{~«Q>Z d ñnoZ ¶mXoem§À¶m Xaå¶mZ Oo ¶wÕ Pmbo hmoVo Ë¶m Xaå¶mZñd¶§godH$ åhUyZ X{jU A‘o[aHo$V Jobo hmoVo. Ë¶m§ZrbT>m¶m§V àË¶jmV gh^mJ KoVbm ZìhVm. ‘mÌ, Ë¶m§Zrìh{O©{Z¶mbm naV Amë¶mZ§Va Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zmøm ¶wÕm Xaå¶mZÀ¶m AZoH$ {MÎmWamaH$ H$Wm gm§{JVë¶mhmoË¶m. Ë¶m‘wio gwédmVrnmgyZM dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zm g¡{ZH$sOrdZ d ¶wÕH$bo{df¶r AmH$f©U {Z‘m©U Pmbo hmoVo dË¶mMo lo¶ Ë¶m§Mo ~§Yy bm°aoÝg ¶m§Zm OmVo Ago åhUUodmdJo R>ê$ Z¶o. Amnë¶m Am¶wî¶mÀ¶m Z§VaÀ¶m H$mimVOm°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z {~«{Q>em§gmR>r aoS> B§{S>¶Z VgoM ’«|$MbmoH$m§{déÕ bT>bo. VgoM Ë¶m§Zr A‘o[aHo$À¶m g¡Ý¶mMoA‘o[aHo$À¶m ñdmV§Í¶¶wÕmV {~«{Q>em§À¶m g¡Ý¶m{déÕ¶eñdr ZoV¥Ëd Ho$bobo AmT>iVo. Ë¶m§À¶m øm Xo{Xß¶‘mZ

Á¶m XþJw©UmMm Hw$Umbm Ìmg hmoV Zmhr, Vmo XþJ©wU Zìho. - ‘m±Q>o½Zo


bîH$ar/g¡{ZH$s H$maH$sXuMr ~rOo bm°aoÝg øm§Zrgm §{JVboë¶m ¶wÕH$Wm §‘Ü¶o hm oVr Ago åhUUoA{Ve¶mo³Vr R>ê$ Z¶o. bm°aoÝgZo Amnë¶m d{S>bmonm{O©VBñQ>oQ>rda EH$ ‘moR>o d AmH$f©H$ Ka ~m§Ybo hmoVo. ømKambm "‘mD§$Q> doaZm°Z' (Mount Vernon) Ago g§~moYboJobo. Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z bhmZnUmnmgyZ AZoH$Xm Amnë¶m^mdmbm oQ>Ê¶mgmR>r ‘mD§$Q> doaZm°Zbm oQ> XoV AgV.

gwédmVrÀ¶m H$mimV Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zr Hw$R>ë¶mjoÌmV Amnbr H$maH$sX© H$amdr ømdê$Z Ë¶m§À¶m Hw$Qw>§~mVEH$‘V ZìhVo. Ë¶m§Mo ~§Yy bm°aoÝg ¶m§Zm Om°O©Zo "{~«{Q>eam °¶b Zodr' (British Royal Navy) åhUOoM{~«{Q>em§À¶m Zm¡XbmV Omdo Ago dmQ>V hmoVo, ‘mÌ Om°O©À¶mAmB©Mm ¶mbm {damoY hmoVm. eodQ>r Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zr"gìh}¶a' (Surveyor) hmoÊ¶mMo R>a{dbo. 18 ì¶meVH$mV A‘o[aHo$V gìh}¶am§Zm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV ‘mJUrAgo. ho "gìh}¶a' ‘moR>‘moR>çm ‘ioXmam§Zm d eoVH$è¶m§ZmO{‘ZrMr ‘moOXmX H$ê$Z XoUo d {VMo ‘yë¶ R>a{dUoAemàH$maMr H$m‘o H$aV AgV. d¶mÀ¶m 15 ì¶mdfmªnmgyZ Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zr ho H$m‘ {eH$Ê¶mMr dmË¶m{df¶rMm Aä¶mg H$aÊ¶mMr gwédmV Ho$br. bm°S>©’o$¶a’°$³g (Lord Fairfax) ¶m§Zr VéU Om°O©bmgwédmVrg "gìh}¶a'Mo H$m‘ {Xbo. bm°S>© ’o$¶a’$m°³g hobm°aoÝg dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§À¶m nËZrÀ¶m ZmVodmB©H$m§n¡H$s hmoVo.Om°O© ¶m§Zr ‘mM© 1748 nmgyZ "gìh}¶a'Mr H$maH$sX©gwê$ Ho$br. øm H$m‘mgmR>r Ë¶m§Zm ^aKmog ‘mo~Xbm{‘iV Ago. 1749 Vo 1752 øm H$mbmdYrV Om°O©dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zr "gìh}¶a' åhUyZ Iyn ‘moR>çm à‘mUmVH$m‘ Ho$bo d ¶oUmè¶m n¡em§VyZ O{‘Zr {dH$V KoÊ¶mggwédmV Ho$br. Aem VèhoZo 1752 n¶ªV Vo Odi-Odi 2300 EH$a O{‘ZrMo ‘mbH$ Pmbo. OyZ 1752‘Ü¶o Om°O© ¶m§À¶m Am¶wî¶mVrb EH$ Xþ…IX KQ>Zm KS>br.hr KQ>Zm åhUOo Ë¶m dfu Ë¶m§Mo d{S>b~§Yy bm°aoÝgdm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Mm ‘¥Ë¶y Pmbm. bm°aoÝg ¶m§Zm j¶amoJ Pmbm

hmoVm. bm°aoÝg ¶m§Zr Amnbr ‘mD§$Q> doaZm°ZMr ‘mb‘ÎmmË¶m§À¶m nËZrbm {‘imdr d {VÀ¶m níMmV Ë¶m§À¶mH$Ý¶obm {‘imdr Aer VaVyX Ho$br hmoVr. bm°aoÝg¶m§À¶m H$Ý¶obm Oa AnË¶ Pmbo Zmhr Va ‘J Vr‘mb‘Îmm Om°O©Zm {‘imdr AergwÕm ì¶dñWm bm°aoÝg¶m§Zr Ho$br hmoVr. bm°aoÝg ¶m§Zr Amnë¶m VrZ mdm§gmo~VOm°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§À¶mgmR>r eoZmZS>moAmh Imoè¶mVrb(Shenandoah Valley) ‘mb‘ÎmoMmXoIrb g‘mZ{hñgm R>odbm hmoVm.

1753 Vo 1758 øm H$mbmdYrV Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z¶m§Zr ìh{O©{Z¶m dgmhVrÀ¶m g¡Ý¶m‘Ü¶o godm Ho$ë¶mMoAmT>iVo. 1753 ‘Ü¶o ìh{O©{Z¶mMo VËH$mbrZ h§Jm‘ramÁ¶nmb am°~Q>© {S>Z{dS²>S>r (Robert Dinwiddie) ¶m§ZrOm°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zm n{hë¶m§Xm g¡Ý¶m‘Ü¶o godm H$aÊ¶mMrg§Yr {Xbr. g¡Ý¶mV ^aVr Pmë¶mZ§Va dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zr{~«{Q>em§À¶mdVrZo npíM‘oH$S>rb gahX²Xrda aoS> B§{S>¶ZQ>moiçm d ’o«§$Mm§{dê$Õ bT>mXoIrb {Xbm. dm°{e§½Q>ZÀ¶mg¡{ZH$m§Zr A‘o[aH$Z dgmhVtÀ¶m npíM‘ gr‘obJV’$moQ>© Zogo{gQ>r (Fort Necessity) Zm‘H$ {H$ëbm~m§Ybobm hmoVm. Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zm gwédmVrÀ¶mH$mimVrb hm bîH$ar d bT>m¶m§Mm AZw^d nwT>rbH$mimV A‘o[aH$Z ñdmV§Í¶ ¶wÕmXaå¶mZ {ZpíMVMCn¶w³V R>abm Ago åhUUo dmdJo R>aUma Zmhr.

1759 À¶m Amg‘mg Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zr {ZXmZH$mhr H$mbmdYrgmR>r Var bîH$ar H$maH$sXuVyZ {dlm§VrKoÊ¶mMo R>a{dbo d Vo nwÝhm EH$Xm Amnë¶m ‘mD§$Q>doaZm°Z ¶oWrb d{S>bmonm{O©V BñQ>oQ>rH$S>o dibo. Ë¶m§ZrAmVm Amnë¶m ‘içmda eoVH$è¶mMo OrdZ OJÊ¶mMoR>a{dbo hmoVo.

6 OmZodmar 1759 amoOr Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z lr‘Vr‘mWm© S>±S´>rO² H$ñQ>rg (Mrs. Martha Dandridge

Custis) øm {dYdoer {ddmh~Õ Pmbo. gm¡. ‘mWm© øm

^ì¶ XþJw©Um§ZmM "‘hmZ gX²JwU' Ago Zmd {Xbo OmVo! - g|Q> Am°JñQ>rZ


d¶mZo Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§À¶mnojm AmR> ‘{hÝ¶m§Zr ‘moR>çmhmoË¶m d Om°O© ¶m§À¶mer {ddmhmÀ¶mdoir Ë¶m {dYdmhmoË¶m. ‘mWm© øm§Zm Amnë¶m n{hë¶m nVrnmgyZ Om°Z"O°H$s' nmH©$ H$ñQ>rg (John 'Jackie' Parke Custis)d ‘mWm© "nñQ>r' nmH©$ H$ñQ>rg (Martha 'Pasty' Parke

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dm°{e§½Q>Z ho A{Ve¶ hþema CÚmoOH$ d ‘ohZVreoVH$ar hmoVo. Vo Amnë¶m eoVrV doJdoJio d ZdZdrZà¶moJ H$aV AgV. AmYw{ZH$ eoVr{df¶r ‘m{hVr{‘imdr åhUyZ Vo gVV øm{df¶mdaMr nwñVHo$ dmMVAgV. Ë¶m§À¶m Ooìhm bjmV Ambo H$s, Ë¶m§À¶m eoVrdaCÎm‘ àVrÀ¶m V§~mIyMo nrH$ KoVm ¶oV Zmhr Voìhm VoJìhmMr eoVr H$ê$ bmJbo. Ë¶mMà‘mUo Ë¶m§Zr Amnë¶meoVmda ’$i~mJm bmdboë¶m hmoË¶m. Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z¶m§Mm {‘Ìm§Mm JmoVmdim ’$ma ‘moR>m hmoVm. Ë¶m§À¶m‘mD§$Q> doaZm°Z øm Kar Zoh‘rM AZoH$ bmoH$ ¶oV AgVd {d{dY Ioi IoiV AgV d {eH$marg OmV AgV.dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zm ZmQ>Ho$ nmhÊ¶mMr, KmoS>çm§À¶m e¶©VrnmhÊ¶mMr VgoM IaoXr H$aÊ¶mMr AmdS> hmoVr.

Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§À¶m ì¶p³V‘ÎdmV EH$ {deofàH$maMo d¡{eîQ>ç hmoVo Á¶m‘wio Ë¶m§À¶mH$S>o AZoH$ bmoH$AmH${f©V hmoV d Ë¶m§À¶m ì¶p³V‘ÎdmZo ^mamdyZ OmVAgV. Ago åhQ>bo OmVo H$s, A‘o[aH$Z OZVoZo Ë¶m§À¶mZoV¥ËdmImbr ñdmV§Í¶ ¶wÕ qOH$Ê¶mnyduM Amnë¶m

‘wbm§Mo dm°{e§½Q>Z Ago Zmd R>odÊ¶mg gwédmV Ho$brhmoVr d Ë¶m§Zm "XoemMo amîQ´>{nVm' gwÕm åhUÊ¶mggwédmV Ho$br hmoVr. Ë¶m§Mo amîQ>no«‘ d amîQ>{ZîR>m hrdmXmVrV hmoVr. Ë¶m‘wioM Vo OZVo‘Ü¶o Iyn bmoH${à¶hmoVo. EH$ goZmnVr åhUyZ Vo Zonmo{b¶ZÀ¶m VmoS>rMoZgbo Var Ë¶m§Zm Amnë¶m g¡{ZH$m§Mm AmË‘{dídmgC§MmdÊ¶mMr H$bm AdJV hmoVr d H$moUË¶mhr H$R>rUn[apñWVrV Vo ñdV…Mm ‘mZ{gH$ Vmob T>iy XoV ZgV.Ë¶m§À¶m øm JwUm§À¶m ~imda Ë¶m§Zr {~«{Q>em§À¶m g¡Ý¶mMmnam^d H$aÊ¶mMr {H$‘¶m gmÜ¶ Ho$br hmoVr. Ë¶m§À¶møm {dO¶m‘wioM Ë¶m§Mr OJmVrb gd©loîR> goZmnVt‘Ü¶oJUZm Ho$br OmVo. Ë¶m§Zr Amnë¶m g¡Ý¶mbm ~mH$màg§Jr EH$Ì R>odÊ¶mMo, g¡{ZH$m§Mm AZmR>m¶r ~ir OmD$Z Úm¶Mo d eÌy EImÚm bT>mB©V à~i R>aV Agob Va‘mKma KoÊ¶mMo V§Ì dmnabo. Ë¶m§À¶m øm YmaoUrnUm‘wioMA‘o[aH$m B§J«O g¡Ý¶mda ‘mV H$ê$ eH$br. ~mobKodS>onUmH$aÊ¶mnojm "H¥$VrV {dídmg R>odUmar ì¶³Vr' AerË¶m§Mr »¶mVr hmoVr. B{VhmgH$ma åhUVmV H$s,"H$Xm{MV dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§À¶m{edm¶ XoIrb A‘o[aHo$ZoñdmV§Í¶ ¶wÕmV {dO¶ {‘i{dbm AgVm; ‘mÌ A‘o[aH$møm amîQ´>mMr C^maUr Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§À¶m{edm¶e³¶M ZìhVr.'

A‘o[aH$m ñdV§Ì Pmë¶mZ§Va 1789 gmbrA‘o[aHo$V n{hë¶m§Xm amîQ>mÜ¶jnXmMr {ZdS>UyH$ Pmbr.øm {ZdS>UwH$sV Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ho EH$‘VmZo amîQ>mÜ¶jåhUyZ {ZdSy>Z Ambo Va Om°Z A°S>åg ¶m§Zm 34 ‘Vo{‘imë¶m‘wio Vo n{hbo CnamîQ>mÜ¶j Pmbo. 30 E{àb1789 amoOr dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zr Ý¶y ¶m°H©$ ehamVrb ’o$S>abhm°b‘Ü¶o amîQ>mÜ¶jnXmMr enW KoVbr. gwédmVrÀ¶mH$mimV Ý¶y ¶m°H©$ ho eha A‘o[aHo$Mr amOYmZr hmoVr dH$mbm§VamZo {’$bmS>ob{’$¶m øm ehamV amOYmZrhb{dÊ¶mV Ambr. dm°{e§½Q>Z S>r. gr. øm A‘o[aHo$À¶m^{dî¶mVrb d gÚpñWVrVrb amOYmZrMo {Z‘m©U

àmMrZ OJ Hy«$aVo~Ôb à{gÕ hmoVo, Va AmOMo AmYw{ZH$ OJ nmoH$i Jdm©~Ôb à{gÕ Amho! - Om°O© ‘ya


H$aÊ¶mMo H$m‘gwÕm ømMH$mimV gwê$ Pmbo. AgoåhUVmV H$s, Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z amîQ>mÜ¶j AgVmZm damîQ>mÜ¶j åhUyZ {Zd¥Îm Pmë¶mdagwÕm dm°{e§½Q>Z S>r.gr.øm ehamÀ¶m {Z‘m©UmÀ¶m H$m‘mMr OmVrZo XoIaoI H$aVAgV. dm°{e§½Q>Z amîQ>mÜ¶j AgVmZm Ë¶m§Zm oQ>Ê¶mgmR>rAZoH$ ‘mÝ¶da ¶oV AgV d g§Ü¶mH$mir d amÌr AZoH$‘oOdmÝ¶m {Xë¶m OmV. ho gd© H$m¶©H«$‘ amÌr ZD$dmOÊ¶mnydu g§nV AgV. H$maU dm°{e§½Q>Z XaamoO amÌrZD$ dmOVm PmonV AgV.

Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§À¶m amîQ>mÜ¶jnXmÀ¶m H$maH$sXuVË¶m§Zm Om°Z Oo (John Jay), Wm°‘g Oo’$agZ (Thomas

Jefferson), hoÝar Zm°³g (Hanry Knox), Abo³Pm§S>ah°{‘ëQ>Z (Alexander Hamilton), ES>‘§S> a±S>moë’$(Edmand Randolph) BË¶mXr gj‘ ZoË¶m§Zr gmW{Xbr hmoVr d ho gd©OU dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§À¶m ‘§{Ì‘§S>imVrb‘§Ìr hmoVo.

gwédmVrg A‘o[aHo$V amOH$s¶ nj ZìhVo ddm°{e§½Q>Z Hw$R>ë¶mhr njmMo gXñ¶ ZìhVo. na§Vw H$mhrH$mimZ§Va A‘o[aHo$V ’o$S>a{bñQ> (Federalist) dS>o‘m°H«o${Q>H$-[anãbrH$Z (Democratic - Republican)Ago XmoZ nj ApñVËdmV Ambo. Abo³Pm§S>a h°{‘ëQ>Zho ’o$S>a{bñQ> njmMo à{V{ZYrËd H$aV AgV. VaWm°‘g Oo’$agZ ¶m§Mr S>o‘m°H«o${Q>H$-[anãbrH$Z øm njmbmghmZw yVr hmoVr. Z§VaÀ¶m H$mimV h°{‘ëQ>Z d Oo’$agZ¶m§À¶mV d¡Mm[aH$ dmX hmoD$Z IQ>Ho$ CSy> bmJbo Voìhmdm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zm H$miOr dmQ>V Ago.

Om°O© dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§À¶m amîQ>mÜ¶jnXmÀ¶m H$maH$sXuVOo AZoH$ ‘hÎdmMo {ZU©¶ d ^ard H$m‘{Jar PmbrË¶mn¡H$s EH$ åhUOo A‘o[aH$m d B§½b§S> ¶m§À¶mXaå¶mZPmbobm "Oo Vh' (Jay Treaty) hmo¶. ’«$mÝgZoA‘o[aHo$bm H«$m §VrXaå¶mZ dm A‘o[aH$Z ñdmV§Í¶¶wÕmXaå¶mZ ^anya ‘XV Ho$br hmoVr. Ë¶m‘wio 1789

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Jd©hrZ OrdZ Ae³¶ Amho! - Q>m°bñQ>m°¶


A°S>åg² ho amîQ>mÜ¶j Va Wm°‘g Oo’$agZ CnamîQ>mÜ¶jPmbo.

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12 {S>g|~a 1799 amoOr dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zr Amnë¶mAm¶wî¶mVrb eodQ>Mo nÌ {b{hbo. Ë¶m§Zr ho nÌAbo³Pm§S>a h°{‘ëQ>Z ¶m§Zm {b{hbo hmoVo. ho nÌ {bhÿZg§n{dë¶mZ§Va dm°{e§½Q>Z Zoh‘rÀ¶m gd¶rà‘mUo KmoS>çmda~gyZ eoVrda anoQ> ‘mê$Z ¶oÊ¶mgmR>r Jobo. Ë¶m{XderhdoV Oam OmñVM Jmadm hmoVm d Vmn‘mZ Iyn H$‘rPmbo hmoVo. VgoM, ~’©$ nSy>Z WmoS>çmdoimZo nmD$gnS>Ê¶mggwÕm gwédmV Pmbr hmoVr. dm°{e§½Q>Z øm nmdgmVKmoS>çmdê$Z anoQ> ‘maVmZm {^Obo. dm°{e§½Q>Z Odi-Odi nmM Vmgm§Zr Kar Ambo d Amoë¶m H$nS>çmZoMamÌrÀ¶m moOZmg ~gbo. Xþgè¶m {Xder gH$mir OoìhmVo CR>bo Voìhm Ë¶m§Zm KemMm Ìmg OmUdV hmoVm VarVo ~mhoa MmbÊ¶mg Jobo d Ë¶mZ§Va Amnë¶m amoO{ZerVË¶m{XderÀ¶m hdm‘mZm{df¶rMr Zm|X Ho$br. ho Ë¶m§À¶mAm¶wî¶mVbo eodQ>Mo {bImU R>abo. 14 {S>g|~a 1799À¶m ‘Ü¶amÌrZ§Va dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zr Amnbr nËZr ‘mWm©{hbm PmonoVyZ CR>{dbo. Ë¶mdoir Ë¶m§Zm ~mobÊ¶mg ÌmghmoV hmoVm. na§Vw Ë¶m§Zr ‘mWm©bm nhmQ>on¶ªV S>m°³Q>am§Zm

~mobmdUo nmR>dy {Xbo Zmhr. Omon¶ªV dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§MoS>m°³Q>a Ooåg H«o$H$ (James Craik) d BVa S>m°³Q>aAmbo Vmon¶ªV Ë¶m§Mr Vã¶oV IynM Imbmdbr hmoVr.eodQ>r dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Zm H$iyZ MwH$bo H$s Amnbm ‘¥Ë¶yg‘rn ¶oD$Z R>onbm Amho. Ë¶m‘wio Vo Amnë¶m S>m°³Q>am§ZmåhUmbo H$s, "Vwåhr ‘mÂ¶mgmR>r AOyZ OmñV ÌmgKoD$ ZH$m; ‘bm em§VnUo OmD$ Úm; ‘r OJoZ AgodmQ>V Zmhr'. ho ‘yi B§J«Or dm³¶ dëS>© EZgm¶³bmo{n{S>¶mV(Word book Encyclopedia) nwT>rbà‘mUo {Xbobo Amho -

"You had better not take any more troubleabout me; but let me go off quietly; I cannot last

long."

Ë¶mM{Xder amÌr XhmÀ¶m gw‘mamg dm°{e§½Q>ZAmnë¶m g{Mdmbm CX²XoeyZ Hw$O~wOboo H$s, ""‘r AmVmOmV Amho. ‘bm Mm§Jë¶m arVrZo dm gÝ‘mZmZo ‘yR>‘mVrXoÊ¶mV ¶mdr d ‘mÂ¶m ‘¥Ë¶yZ§Va XmoZ {Xdgm§À¶m AJmoXa‘mPo ‘¥V eara WS>½¶mV R>odÊ¶mV ¶oD$ Z¶o. Vwbm ‘r Oo~mobVmo Amho Vo H$ibo H$m?'' Ë¶m§Mm g{Md ""hmo¶ga'' åhUmbm d dm°{e§½Q>Z ¶m§Mr àmUÁ¶moV ‘mbdbr.hm gd © B §J «OrVrb ‘ yi g §dmX dëS > ©~ wH $EZgm¶³bmo{n{S>¶mV (Word Book Encyclopedia)

nwT>rbà‘mUo {Xbobm Amho,

"I am just going. Have me decently buried,and do not let my body be put in the vault in lessthan two days after I am dead. Do you understand

me?" His secretary answered, "Yes sir".

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A§e‘mÌ Jdm©‘wio gmè¶m gX²JwUm§da nmUr nS>Vo. - S>ãë¶y. Or. ~oZh°‘


ZmoQ> oda Ë¶m§Mo N>m¶m{MÌ N>mnÊ¶mV Ambo. VgoMA‘o[aHo$Mr Or nmoQ>o‘°H$ ZXrÀ¶m {H$Zmè¶mda ZdrZamOYmZr ~m§YÊ¶mV Ambr Ë¶m amOYmZrbmgwÕm dm°{e§½Q>Z¶m§À¶m gÝ‘mZmW© "dm°{e§½Q>Z S>r. gr.' Ago Zmd XoÊ¶mVAmbo. VgoM A‘o[aHo$À¶m H°$ZS>m bJV Agboë¶mdm¶ì¶ {XeoH$S>rb EH$m amÁ¶mbm dm°{e§½Q>Z Ago ZmdXoÊ¶mV Ambo. øm amÁ¶mMr amOYmZr Am°qb{n¶m(Olympia) ho eha AgyZ ¶oWo dmMH$m§Zm Ago gm§JmdogodmQ>Vo H$s, dm°qe½Q>Z amÁ¶mVrb aoS>‘m°ÝS> (Redmond)

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Omoer-~oS>oH$a _hm{dÚmb`, R>mUo.^«_UÜdZr … 9820328226

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- AaqdX AmoH$_mZnmS>m, S>m|{~dbr.

«_UÜdZr … 09833441580

(n¥ð H«$‘m§H$ 12 dê$Z - Z_©Xm n[aH«$_m)

‘Zwî¶mMo XþJw©U hrM Ë¶mbm {ejm AgVo. - Q>r. ’w$ba


ào‘ éiVgo ~mobVm ...

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¶m OJmV em¡¶© Amho åhUyZ Amem Amho. - Q>°{gQ>g


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AmVm AmdS>r OoW nS>o&Vo¶m{M Adgar nwT>o nwT>o&

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Oo égVm ~m§Yo R>mdmo &Vo ào‘ Jm ho &&18.294&&

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Amnë¶m nËZrgmR>r VéU Pmbo!

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nmoH$i dJ© H$aUmè¶m ‘mUgm§Zm OJ nmoH$iM dmQ>Uma. - ¶§J


ZmhrE Hw$Ur! nm{H$ñVmZ åhUVmo¶, "~§Jë¶mda Am‘Mmh³H$ Amho.'

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ào‘ag AmnmoAmn Pê$ bmJVmo. òdy bmJVmo.

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- Aa{dÝX XmoS>o^«_UÜdZr … 9819195592

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1) Hw$. è H$maoH$a

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2) Hw$. èlr Xm^moiH$a - V¥Vr` H«$‘m§H$

Indian Institute for Studies in Mathematics

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NCC À`m n{hë`mM Combine Annual Training

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View'' `m {df`mda 12 d 13 OmZodmar 2018amoOr Am§Vaamï´>r` n[afXoMo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV AmboAmho. `m n[afXoÀ`m nyd© V`marMm ^mJ åhUyZn[afXnyd© XmoZ H$m`©emim Am`mo{OV Ho$ë`m AmhoV.`m H$m`©emio‘Üò n[afXoV hmoUmè`m {df`m§g§X^m©VVÁk g§emoYH$m§Mr ì`m»`mZo Am`mo{OV Ho$br OmVmV.OoUoH$ê$Z {dÚmÏ`mªZm Am§Vaamï´>r` n[afXoV M{M©ë`mOmUmè`m {df`m§g§X^m©V WmoS>r H$ënZm oVo d ho {dÚmWun[afXoV Amnbo emoY{Z~§Y gmXa H$ê$ eH$VmV.{X. 10 Owb¡ 2017 amoOr ""Green Earth : A

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Phyloremidiation : An introduction to the concept

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view” `m {df`mda g§dmX gmYbm. hr H$m ©emimgdmªgmR>r Iwbr hmoVr. Ë`mH$[aVm gdmªZr `mMm bm^KoVbm. `m~m~V A{YH$ ‘m{hVr ‘hm{dÚmb`mÀ`mg§Ho$VñWimda www.vpmthane.org CnbãY hmoVr.

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"‘hm{dÚmb`mV g§ wŠVnUo d¥jbmJdS>'

dZñnVremó {d^mJmÀ`m ‘mJ©Xe©ZmImbr amï>r`godm `moOZm, amï>r` N>mÌ goZm, gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d^mJ dOmJa Om{Udm§À`m A{^`mZm§VJ©V EH$m ì` d¥jbmJdS>rMoAm`moOZ Ho$bo Jobo. `mdoir ‘hm{dÚmb`rZ n[agamVEH$m ^ì` {‘adUwH$sMo Am`moOZ EZ. gr. gr Am‘r©~m°BO A°S> Jëg© VgoM EZ. gr. gr. Zoìhr ~m°BO A°S>Jëg© m H°$S>oQ>gZr Ho$bo. m‘Ü o ‘hm{dÚmb`mMm NSS

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Compost Bin ‘Ü o PmS>m§Mm nmbmnmMmoim Jmoim H$ê$ZË`mMo IV dmnê$Z `m 100 {ZdS>H$ d¥jm§Mo amonUH$m°boO n[agamV Ho$bo.

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NCC> Mo (CATC) {e{~a - EH$ A{dñ‘aUr` AZw d

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J«§Wmb¶ hoM AmOMo {díd{dÚmb¶ Amho. - H$mbm©Bb


(Best Drill), gdm}H¥$ï> naoS>,> (Best Skit) gdm}H¥$ï>Zm[aH$mµ, (Best Fiving), >gdm}H¥$ï> Zo‘~mO d Best

Camp senior {e{~a H°$ßQ>Z m ñnYmª‘Ü o Mma gÝ‘mZ{‘imbo. EH§$XarV `m 10 {Xdgm§‘Ü o H°$S>oQ> Am{UBVam§Zmhr Iyn H$mhr {eH${dUmam H$mbmdYr R>abmAm{U AZw dmÀ`m Ñï>rZohr Iyn H$mhr {eH$dyZ XoUmamR>abm. g¡{ZH$s emioMr {eñV Am{U VÎdo ‘ÜòMH$‘m§qS>J Am°{’$ga H$Z©b H$moS>m§b gam§Mo boŠMa Aem{d{dY AZw dm§Zr g‘¥Õ AgUmam hm Xhm {Xdgr`H°$ån gdmªZmM ñ‘aUmV amhUmam R>aob.

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we have spent our present for their future’

amï>r` N>mÌ goZm JrVmZo `m CnH«$‘mMr gm§JVm Pmbr.

nXdr‘wio Vw‘À¶m H$mZmMr bm§~r H$‘r hmoV ZgVo, ’$³V Vr bn{dbr OmVo. - EM. hdS>©


S>m°. gm¡. ‘mYwar noOmda Am§Vaamï´>r` OrdZJm¡adnwañH$mamZo gÝ‘m{ZV

àmMm`m© S>m°. gm¡. ‘mYwar noOmda `m§Zm ZonmioWo ZwH$Ë`mM nma nS>boë`m ½bmo~b H$m±J«og n[afXoV

{dkmZ joÌmVrb Ho$boë`m ^ard H$m‘{Jar~ÔbAm§Vaamï>r` OrdZJm¡ad nwañH$mamZo (“Life Time

Achiement Award”) gÝ‘m{ZV H$aÊ`mV Ambo.

S>m°. noOmda `m§Zm ñdm‘r am‘mZ§X VrW©‘amR>dmS>m {dÚmnrR>mMo Hw$bJwê$ S>m°. n§{S>V{dÚmgmJa m§À`m hñVo hm nwañH$ma àXmZ H$aÊ`mVAmbm. `m n[afXoV S>m°. kmZoída dmKMm¡aoµ, ZonmiamOXyV lr. Jmogmdr, Zonmi gaH$mar {deof amOXyVlram‘ JV, lr.am‘mZ§X Q²Q>am¶, AÜ`j ½bmo~bgmogm`Q>r ’$m°a ~o{g~m A°ÝS> A°ßbmBS> gm`Ýg,S>m°. A{ZVm Jmoñdm‘r {Jarµ, g§emoYH$ B. ‘mÝ`daCnpñWV hmoVo.

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